Presentation on the topic of crucian carp-idealist analysis plan. Presentation on the topic "M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin. "Fairy Tales"" History of the creation of fairy tales

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Today in the lesson we will look at the history of creation, reveal the theme, identify artistic features, and determine the originality of the genre of fairy tales by M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin.

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LESSON PLAN. History of creation. Genre originality. Main themes. Issues. Artistic features.

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History of creation The first three fairy tales (“The Tale of How One Man Fed Two Generals”, “The Lost Conscience” and “The Wild Landowner”) were written by M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin back in 1886. By 1886 their number had increased to thirty-two. Some plans (at least six fairy tales) remained unrealized.

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Genre originality In terms of genre, the fairy tales of M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin are similar to Russian folk tales. They are allegorical, they feature animal heroes, and traditional fairy tale techniques are used: beginnings, proverbs and sayings, constant epithets, triple repetitions. At the same time, Saltykov-Shchedrin significantly expands the range of fairy-tale characters, and also “individualizes them. In addition, morality plays an important role in the fairy tale by M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin - in this it is close to the fable genre. The story of how one man fed two generals

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Allegory - allegory Opening - A rhythmically organized joke that precedes the opening in fairy tales. “Once upon a time there were...”, “In a certain kingdom, in a certain state...”). Proverbs and sayings - (“grandmother said in two”, “if you don’t give a word, be strong, and if you give, hold on”). Epithet - In poetics: figurative, artistic definition. Constant e. (in folk literature, for example, “golden heart”, “white body”).

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Main themes The tales of M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin are united not only by genre, but also by common themes. Theme of power (“Wild Landowner”, “Bear in the Voivodeship”, “Eagle Patron”, etc.) Theme of the intelligentsia (“The Wise Minnow”, “Selfless Hare”, etc.) Theme of the people (“The Tale of How One Man Two fed the generals”, “Fool”, etc.) Theme of universal human vices (“Christ’s Night”) Eagle-Patron

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Problems The tales of M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin reflect the “special pathological state” in which Russian society found itself in the 80s of the 19th century. However, they touch upon not only social problems (the relationship between the people and the ruling circles, the phenomenon of Russian liberalism, educational reform), but also universal ones (good and evil, freedom and duty, truth and lies, cowardice and heroism). The wise minnow

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Artistic features The most important artistic features of M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin's fairy tales are irony, hyperbole and grotesque. The device of antithesis and philosophical reasoning also play a large role in fairy tales (for example, the fairy tale “The Bear in the Voivodeship” begins with a preface: “Large and serious atrocities are often called brilliant and as such are recorded on the tablets of History. Small and comic atrocities are called shameful and not only They don’t mislead history, but they don’t receive praise from their contemporaries either.” Bear in the province

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Irony is a subtle, hidden mockery (for example, in the fairy tale “The Wise Minnow”: “What sweetness is it for a pike to swallow a sick, dying minnow, and a wise one at that?”) Hyperbole is an exaggeration (for example, in the fairy tale “The Wild Landowner”: “He thinks what kind of cows he will breed, no skin, no meat, but all milk, all milk!”) Grotesque - comic, based on sharp contrasts and exaggerations (for example, in the fairy tale “The Tale of How One Man Fed Two Generals”: “A man he became so adept that he even began to cook soup in a handful”) Antithesis - opposition, opposition (many of them are built on the relationship between hero-antagonists: man - general, hare - wolf, crucian carp - pike)

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Many writers turned to the literary fairy tale genre in the 19th century: L.N. Tolstoy, V.M. Prishvin, V.G. Korolenko, D.N. Mamin-Sibiryak. The main feature of M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin’s fairy tales is that the folklore genre is used in them to create an “Aesopian” narrative about the life of Russian society in the 1880s. Hence their main themes (power, intelligentsia, people) and problematics (the relationship between the people and the ruling circles, the phenomenon of Russian liberalism, educational reform). Borrowing from Russian folk tales images (primarily animals) and techniques (beginnings, proverbs and sayings, constant epithets, triple repetitions), M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin develops the satirical content inherent in them. At the same time, irony, hyperbole, grotesque, as well as other artistic techniques serve the writer to expose not only social, but also universal human vices. That is why the fairy tales of M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin have been popular among Russian readers for many decades.

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Essay on life and creativity. Mikhail Evgrafovich Saltykov-Shchedrin

I love Russia to the point of heartache... Literary critic Editor of Sovremennik and Otechestvennye Zapiski magazines (together with Nekrasov) Satirist writer

The house where the future writer was born. Spas-Ugol estate. Childhood surrounded by “all the horrors of serfdom.”

The writer’s mother Olga Mikhailovna The writer’s father Evgraf Vasilievich

Noble Institute in Moscow Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum Education

“Vyatka captivity” Stories “Contradictions”, “A Confused Affair” “a harmful way of thinking and a destructive desire to spread ideas that shook the whole of Western Europe” (Nicholas I) Link to Vyatka

The house in Vyatka in which Saltykov-Shchedrin lived Vyatka captivity Abundance of impressions “Provincial Sketches” The author’s attention to “one of the distant corners of Russia” with the goal of “detecting evil, lies and vice,” but with faith in the future, in “full life.”

The principled position of the writer. Vice-Robespierre. Ryazan mid-19th century. Tver, late 19th century. 1860s civil service

A group of employees of the magazine “Otechestvennye zapiski”

The wife of the writer E. A. Boltin The house on Liteiny Prospekt, in which the writer lived until the end of his days.

Writer's daughter Writer's son

Humor – soft laughter, grin. Irony is hidden mockery. Satire is a merciless ridicule of human vices. Sarcasm is a caustic, cruel mockery. Hyperbole is a strong exaggeration of certain properties of what is depicted. Aesopian language - (named after the ancient Greek fabulist Aesop) speech, replete with allegories, omissions, hints, etc. to hide the direct meaning.

“The History of a City” The essence of the work is a satirical depiction of the relationship between the people and the authorities. The main idea is “city governors flog the townsfolk, and the townsfolk tremble.” The conventional narrator is an archivist chronicler of the provincial era of the late 18th - 19th centuries, who knows a lot about what happened later. Composition of the story. Historical monograph: Pre-notification, general outline of Foolov’s history, chapters and personalities

The novel “The Golovlevs” The idea of Saltykov-Shchedrin: the destruction of society begins with the destruction of the family. The novel shows the degradation and death of the entire Golovlev family - Arina Petrovna “numbs in the apathy of power.”

History of creation The first three fairy tales (“The Tale of How One Man Fed Two Generals”, “The Lost Conscience” and “The Wild Landowner”) were written by M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin back in 1869. By 1886 their number had increased to thirty-two. Some plans (at least six fairy tales) remained unrealized.

Irony is a subtle, hidden mockery (for example, in the fairy tale “The Wise Minnow”: “What sweetness is it for a pike to swallow a sick, dying minnow, and a wise one at that?”) Hyperbole is an exaggeration (for example, in the fairy tale “The Wild Landowner”: “Thinks what kind of cows he will breed, no skin, no meat, but all milk, all milk!”) Grotesque - comic, based on sharp contrasts and exaggerations (for example, in the fairy tale “The Tale of How One Man Fed Two Generals”: “A man he became so adept that he even began to cook soup in a handful”) Antithesis - opposition, opposition (many of them are built on the relationship between hero-antagonists: man - general, hare - wolf, crucian carp - pike)

Conclusion The main feature of M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin’s fairy tales is that the folklore genre is used in them to create an “Aesopian” narrative about the life of Russian society in the 1880s. Hence their main themes (power, intelligentsia, people) and problematics (the relationship between the people and the ruling circles, the phenomenon of Russian liberalism, educational reform). Borrowing from Russian folk tales images (primarily animals) and techniques (beginnings, proverbs and sayings, constant epithets, triple repetitions), M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin develops the satirical content inherent in them. At the same time, irony, hyperbole, grotesque, as well as other artistic techniques serve the writer to expose not only social, but also universal human vices. That is why the fairy tales of M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin have been popular among Russian readers for many decades.

Homework. Written analysis of a independently chosen fairy tale: Analysis plan 1. The main theme of the fairy tale (what is it about?). 2. The main idea of the fairy tale (why?). 3. Features of the plot. How is the main idea of the fairy tale revealed in the system of characters? Features of fairy tale images: a) images-symbols; b) the uniqueness of animals; c) closeness to folk tales. 4. Satirical techniques used by the author. 5. Features of the composition: inserted episodes, landscape, portrait, interior. 6. A combination of folklore, fantasy and reality.

PLAN I. INTRODUCTION. M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin - “the brave ruler of satire.” (A.S. Pushkin) II. MAIN PART. “Every thing must be called by its real name, and if this is dangerous in real life, then it must be done at least in a fairy tale” (H.H. Andersen). (The genre of fairy tales in the works of Saltykov-Shchedrin.) 1. Problems of fairy tales by M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin. 2. The ideological content of “fairy tales for children of a fair age.” 3. Artistic originality of fairy tales by M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin. III. CONCLUSION. “He devoted all the strength of his mind and heart to restoring in the souls of his relatives the idea of light and truth and maintaining in their hearts the belief that the light will come and darkness will not embrace it (Saltykov-Shchedrin M. E. “The Adventure with Kramolnikov ".)

A researcher of the work of M. E. Saltykova-Shchedrin, D. Nikolaev, in his monograph “M. E. Saltykova-Shchedrin. Life and Creativity” (1985) defined the writer’s place in Russian and world literature as follows: “The past centuries have given the world many outstanding writers - satirists. In England, Swift, Dickens and Thackeray lived and worked. In France, the victorious laughter of Rabelais, Moliere and Voltaire sounded. In Germany, Heine shone with the caustic wit. Kantemir, Fonvizin, Novikov, Kapnist - this is not a complete list of Russian writers of the 18th century, in full "devoted themselves to satire. It was to this phalanx of great mockers that Saltykov-Shchedrin belonged, along with Griboedov and Gogol." (Nikolaev D. M. E. Saltykova-Shchedrin. Life and creativity. Monograph. - M., 1985, p. 11.)

“Fairy Tales” is one of the most striking creations and the most widely read of the books of the great Russian satirist. Saltykov-Shchedrin was a successor to the satirical traditions of Fonvizin, Griboedov, and Gogol. Shchedrin's gubernatorial activities allowed him to more deeply discern the “evils of Russian reality” and made him think about the fate of Russia. He created a kind of satirical encyclopedia of Russian life. The tales summed up the writer’s 40-year work and were created over four years: from 1882 to 1886.

A number of reasons prompted Saltykov-Shchedrin to turn to fairy tales. The difficult political situation in Russia: moral terror, the defeat of populism, police persecution of the intelligentsia did not allow us to identify all the social contradictions of society and directly criticize the existing order. On the other hand, the fairy tale genre was close to the character of the satirical writer. Fantasy, hyperbole, irony, common in fairy tales, are very characteristic of Shchedrin’s poetics. In addition, the fairy tale genre is very democratic, accessible and understandable to a wide range of readers and people. The fairy tale is characterized by didacticism, and this directly corresponded to the journalistic pathos and civic aspirations of the satirist.

Fairy tales by Saltykov-Shchedrin Fairy tales of the Russian people General features Beginning fairy tale plot folklore expressions folk vocabulary fairy-tale characters ending Distinctive features satire sarcasm mixing the categories of good and evil there is no positive hero likening man to animal humor hyperbole victory of good over evil positive hero humanization of animals

In the complex content of Saltykov-Shchedrin's tales, four main themes can be distinguished: satire on the government, exposure of the behavior and psychology of the philistine intelligentsia, depiction of the masses, exposure of the morality of predatory owners, propaganda of new morality.

The writer essentially created a new genre of political fairy tale. The life of Russian society in the second half of the 19th century is captured in a rich gallery of characters. Shchedrin showed the entire social anatomy, touched upon all the main classes and strata of society: the nobility, the bourgeoisie, the bureaucracy, the intelligentsia.

In “The Wise Minnow,” Shchedrin paints an image of the intelligentsia that succumbed to panic and abandoned active struggle into the world of personal concerns and interests. The common gudgeon, fearing for his life, walled himself up in a dark hole. Outwitted everyone! And the result of his life can be expressed in the words: “He lived trembling, he died trembling.” The personification of wingless and vulgar philistinism was Shchedrin's wise minnow - the hero of the fairy tale of the same name. The meaning of life of this “enlightened, moderate-liberal” coward was self-preservation, avoidance of conflicts, from struggle

Thus, in the Tale of How One Man Fed Two Generals, the writer shows the complete helplessness of two generals who found themselves on a desert island. Despite the fact that there was an abundance of game, fish, and fruits all around, they almost died of hunger if not for the skill and resourcefulness of the man. In this tale, Saltykov-Shchedrin expresses the idea that Russia rests on the labor of the peasant, who, despite his natural intelligence and ingenuity, obediently submits to helpless masters

The same idea is developed in the fairy tale The Wild Landowner. But if the generals from the previous fairy tale ended up on a desert island by the will of fate, then the landowner from this story always dreamed of getting rid of the obnoxious men who gave off a bad, servile smell. Therefore, the pillar nobleman Urus-Kuchum-Kildibaev oppresses the men in every possible way. And so the peasant world disappeared. And what? After a while, he was all overgrown with hair... and his claws became iron. The landowner has gone wild because without a man he is not even able to serve himself.

In the fairy tale “The Wild Landowner,” Shchedrin seemed to summarize his thoughts on the reform of the “liberation” of the peasants, contained in all his works of the 60s. He poses here an unusually acute problem of the post-reform relationship between the feudal nobles and the peasantry completely ruined by the reform

Saltykov-Shchedrin's deep faith in the hidden powers of the people is visible in the fairy tale Konyaga. The tortured peasant nag amazes with its endurance and vitality. Her entire existence consists of endless hard work, and meanwhile the well-fed idle dancers in a warm stall are amazed at her endurance and talk a lot about her wisdom, hard work, and sanity. Most likely, in this tale by Saltykov-Shchedrin, the intelligentsia is meant as idle dancers, who poured from empty to empty discussions about the Russian peasant, about the fate of the Russian people. It is obvious that the image of Konyaga reflects a peasant worker.

In Shchedrin's fairy tales, as in all of his work, two social forces confront each other: the working people and their exploiters. The people act under the masks of kind and defenseless animals and birds (and often without a mask, under the name “man”), the exploiters act in the guise of predators. The fairy tale "The Horse" is Shchedrin's outstanding work about the plight of the Russian peasantry in Tsarist Russia. Saltykov-Shchedrin's never-ending pain for the Russian peasant, all the bitterness of his thoughts about the fate of his people, his native country, were concentrated within the tight confines of the fairy tale.

In almost all fairy tales, the image of the peasant people is depicted by Shchedrin with love, breathing with indestructible power and nobility. The man is honest, straightforward, kind, unusually sharp and smart. He can do everything: get food, sew clothes; he conquers the elemental forces of nature, jokingly swimming across the “ocean-sea”. And the man treats his enslavers mockingly, without losing his sense of self-esteem.

The images of Saltykov-Shchedrin's fairy tales have come into use, become household names and live on for centuries. Getting to know them, each new generation learns not only the history of its country, but learns to recognize and hate those vices of humanity that Saltykov-Shchedrin so viciously and mercilessly ridicules.

"Fairy Tales" "Fairy Tales" are a kind of result of the writer's artistic activity, since they were created at the final stage of his life and creative path. Of the 32 fairy tales, 28 were created over four years from 1882 to 1886.

In the fairy tale genre, the ideological and artistic features of Shchedrin's satire were most clearly manifested: its political sharpness and purposefulness, the realism of its fantasy, the mercilessness and depth of the grotesque, the sly sparkle of humor. What did Saltykov-Shchedrin teach “children of a fair age” to think about? “Children of a fair age” must mature and stop being children.

Satirical techniques used by the writer in fairy tales: a) Different ways of laughter: irony - ridicule that has a double meaning, where the true statement is not the direct statement, but the opposite; sarcasm is caustic and poisonous irony, sharply exposing phenomena that are especially dangerous for humans and society; grotesque - an extremely sharp exaggeration, a combination of the real and the fantastic, a violation of the boundaries of plausibility.

B) Allegory, allegory - another meaning hidden behind the external form. c) “Aesopian language” is an artistic speech based on forced allegory. d) Hyperbole - excessive exaggeration.

Features of fairy tale images: Images-symbols; The originality of animals; Closeness to folk tales; Satirical techniques used by the author; Features of the composition: inserted episodes, landscape, portrait, interior; A combination of folklore, fantasy and reality.

Fairy tales by M. E. Saltykov-Shchedrin Problems Artistic features autocracy and oppressed people (“Bear in the Voivodeship”, “Eagle Patron”); the relationship between a man and a master (“The Wild Landowner”, “The Tale of How One Man Fed Two Generals”); the situation of the people (“Horse”, “Kisel”); the meanness of the bourgeoisie (“Liberal”, “Crucian idealist”); the cowardice of the average man (“The Wise Minnow”); truth-seeking ("The Fool", "Christ's Night") folklore motifs (fairy tale plot, folk vocabulary); grotesque (interweaving of fantasy and reality)" "Aesopian language" (allegory and metaphor); social satire (sarcasm and real fantasy); denunciation through denial (showing savagery and lack of spirituality); hyperbolization

The tales of Saltykov-Shchedrin had a great impact on the further development of Russian literature and especially the genre of satire. The images of fairy tales have come into use, become household names and live for many decades, and the universal types of objects of Saltykov-Shchedrin’s satire are still found in our lives today, you just need to take a closer look at the surrounding reality and think...

Saltykov-Shchedrin has a fairy tale-elegy “The Adventure with Kramolnikov.” In it, the author talks about himself, about his writing activity, about his sorrows and joys, and at the same time about the torment of a Russian forced writer. “Kramolnikov was a native Poshekhonsky writer. He deeply loved his country. He devoted all the strength of his mind and heart to restoring in the souls of his relatives the idea of light and truth and maintaining in their hearts the belief that light will come and darkness will not embrace it This, in fact, was the task of all his activities."

LITERATURE. 1. Nikolaev D. M. E. Saltykova-Shchedrin. Life and art. Monograph. – M., Saltykov-Shchedrin M.E. Fairy tales. – M., (Lib.Ru: Library of Maxim Moshkov)Lib.Ru

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Saltykov-Shchedrin created a new original genre of political fairy tale, which combines fantasy and real, topical political reality
In the world of Saltykov-Shchedrin fairy tales

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The main tasks of fairy tales:

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Irony is a subtle, hidden mockery (for example, in the fairy tale “The Wise Minnow”: “What sweetness is it for a pike to swallow a sick, dying minnow, and a wise one at that?”)
Hyperbole is an exaggeration (for example, in the fairy tale “The Wild Landowner”: “He thinks what kind of cows he will raise, that there is no skin, no meat, but all milk, all milk!”)
Grotesque - comic, based on sharp contrasts and exaggerations (for example, in the fairy tale “The Tale of How One Man Fed Two Generals”: “The man got so clever that he even began to cook soup in a handful”)
Antithesis - opposition, opposition (many of them are built on the relationship between hero-antagonists: man - general, hare - wolf, crucian carp - pike)

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Ideological and thematic content of fairy tales
A total of 32 tales
Denouncing the ruling class
Showing the plight of the oppressed class
Denunciation of autocracy
Denunciation of inactive liberal inhabitants
Theme of power (“Wild Landowner”, “Bear in the Voivodeship”, “Eagle Patron”, etc.)
Theme of the intelligentsia (“The Wise Minnow”, “Selfless Hare”, etc.)
The theme of the people (“The story of how one man fed two generals”, “Fool”, etc.)
Theme of universal human vices (“Christ’s Night”)

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“The story of how one man fed two generals”

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In the satire of Saltykov-Shchedrin, the reader sees “the image of a country of suffering but passive people, a powerless society and a cruel, despotic government”

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“The story of how one man fed two generals”
Cartoon

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“In the fairy tale “The Wise Minnow,” Shchedrin angrily ridiculed the intellectual who is hiding from the trends of living life, whose only goal is a petty “selfish adaptation,” the desire to survive at the cost of abandoning human feelings, aspirations and struggle.”

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"The Wise Minnow"
Cartoon

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Fairy tale "Wild Landowner"
"Wild landowner
Reflecting on the fate of the people in the post-reform era, Shchedrin does not ignore the “landowner” theme, traditional for Russian literature. The fairy tale “The Wild Landowner” depicts a type of convinced serf-owner, a “man-eater,” who continues to oppress time-bound peasants. The landowner from this story always dreamed of getting rid of the obnoxious peasants, from whom there is a bad, servile smell. And so the peasant world disappeared. So what? ? After some time, this leads the landowner to complete degradation and savagery: "He was all overgrown with hair, from head to toe, like the ancient Esau, and his nails became like iron. He stopped blowing his nose long ago, and walked more and more on all fours... "The landowner went wild because without a peasant he was not even able to serve himself. And only the unexpected return of a “swarm” of peasants saved the estate from complete ruin and destruction.

M. E. Saltykov-Shchedrin. Fairy tales.

Performed:

literature teacher

MBOU secondary school No. 8

Borodina V.V.

M. E. Saltykov-Shchedrin (1826 - 1889)

Literary pseudonym: Nikolai Shchedrin.

Graduate of the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum, a major government official.

In his works he punished evil, cruelty, betrayal, and stupidity.

History of creation

The first three fairy tales (“The Tale of How One Man Fed Two Generals,” “The Lost Conscience” and “The Wild Landowner”) were written by M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin back in 1882.

By 1886 their number had increased to thirty-two.

Main themes

The tales of M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin are united not only by genre, but also by common themes.

Theme of power (“Wild Landowner”, “Bear in the Voivodeship”, “Patron Eagle”)
Theme of the intelligentsia (“The Wise Minnow”, “Selfless Hare”)
The theme of the people (“The Tale of How One Man Fed Two Generals”, “Fool”)
Theme of universal human vices (“Christ’s Night”)

Genre originality

In terms of genre, fairy tales are similar to Russian folk tale. They feature animal heroes and use traditional fairy-tale techniques: beginnings, proverbs and sayings, constant epithets, triple repetitions. At the same time, Saltykov-Shchedrin significantly expands the range of fairy-tale characters, and also “individualizes them.

Morality plays an important role in the fairy tale by M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin - in this it is close to the genre fables.

Tale of Saltykov-Shchedrin – fusion of folk tales and fables

Fairy tale beginning
Set expressions
Fantastic events

Animal images
Aesopian language (language of allegories, allusions)

Aesop is a legendary poet, creator of fables. Literary tradition dates his life to the 6th century. According to legend, he was a slave from Phrygia (in Asia Minor), was subsequently freed and lived for some time at the court of the Lydian king Croesus.

Aesopian language (named after the fabulist Aesop), secret writing in literature, allegory that deliberately disguises the thought (idea) of the author. Resorts to a system of “deceptive means”, fable “characters” (fairy tales by M. E. Saltykov-Shchedrin).

A combination of real and fantastic

Real

Fantastic

Newspaper "Moskovskie Vedomosti", city of St. Petersburg, Tula Moscow, Penza, Ryazan, street names - Podyacheskaya Street, registration office, Fontanka River, Neva, pension.

An uninhabited island with exotic nature, a way for generals to get to the island, returning home, the presence of a man, newspapers on the island.

Use of certain satirical techniques

Allegory

allegorical depiction of an object or phenomenon in order to clearly show its essential features

Hyperbola

deliberate exaggeration of the properties of the depicted object

Irony

negative assessment of an object or phenomenon through ridicule. The comic effect is achieved by the fact that the true meaning of the event is disguised

Sarcasm

caustic, caustic mockery, with a frankly accusatory, satirical meaning

One of the most striking satirical techniques is grotesque.

Grotesque - extreme exaggeration based on fantasy, on a bizarre combination of the real and the fantastic

Meaning satires M.E. Saltykova-Shchedrin

In a small work, the lyrical, epic and satirical are combined and the problem of the fate of the Russian people is extremely expressed.

“The story of how a man fed two generals”