"golden age" of Russian literature. The Golden Age of Russian Literature was completed by: Ovchinnikova D. Group Kondraty Fedorovich Ryleev
The Golden Age of Russian Poetry At the beginning of the 19th century, both classicism and sentimentalism coexist on equal terms in Russian poetry. But in the wake of the national-patriotic upsurge caused by the Patriotic War of 1812, Russian romanticism was born, and then realism. romanticismrealism
Great start. At the origins of Russian romanticism was V.A. Zhukovsky. He wrote elegies, messages, songs, ballads, ballads. According to Belinsky, he "enriched Russian poetry with deeply moral, truly human content." PushkinPushkin considered himself a student of Zhukovsky, highly appreciated "the captivating sweetness of his poetry."
civic passion. VC. Kuchelbecker Russian Decembrist poet, critic, translator. He studied at the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum, where he began his friendship with A.S. Pushkin, A.A. Delvig. The romantic poetry of Küchelbecker sang of freedom. The poet was worried about the fate of the Fatherland.
To F. Ryleev K. F. Ryleev, the most prominent poet - K. F. Ryleev, the most prominent poet - Decembrist, wrote accusatory Decembrists, wrote accusatory and civil odes, political and civil odes, political elegies and messages, thoughts, poems. elegies and messages, thoughts, poems. He saw poetry as a means of fighting for political freedom. The Decembrists started talking about the national character of literature, put forward the demand for nationality, extending it to themes, genres, and language.
Pleiades stars. A.A. Delvig The heroes of his songs are simple fellows and girls who suffer at will and happy love. N. M. Yazykov expressed the protest of free youth in elegies, songs, hymns. He glorified the heroic scope of forces, the enjoyment of youth and health.
P.A. Vyazemsky contributed to the fusion of civil and personal themes, explaining elegiac feelings by social causes. E.A. Baratynsky is the largest poet of Russian romanticism, the author of elegies, epistles, poems. Instead of illusions, he prefers calm and sober reflection. His poems are filled with philosophical meaning.
High Duma power M.Yu. Lermontov The poetic era, which Lermontov became the spokesman for, according to Belinsky, is distinguished by "disbelief in life and human feelings, with thirst and an excess of feelings." The lyrical hero openly opposes the hostile outside world.
Gifts of Life After Pushkin and Lermontov, original talents appear in Russian poetry - A. Pleshcheev, N. Ogaryov, Ap. Grigoriev, I am Polonsky, A. Tolstoy, I. Turgenev, A Maikov, N. Nekrasov. With their poetry they made the transition to realism. Their poems are imbued with sympathy for the poor man. A lyrical hero often becomes a man from the nobility or raznochintsy, who stood up for the people, the peasants.
genres of romanticism. Elegy - a poem of medium length, usually sad content, imbued with sadness. Elegy Ballad Ballad - a poem, which is most often based on a historical event, a folk legend with a tense plot. Fable Fable - a short moralizing poetic or prose story, to which there is an allegory, allegory.
Description of the presentation THE GOLDEN AGE OF RUSSIAN LITERATURE Completed by: Ovchinnikova D. Group: by slides
GOLDEN AGE OF RUSSIAN LITERATURE Completed by: Ovchinnikova D. Group: 3 L/D
The 19th century is called the "Golden Age" of Russian poetry and the century of Russian literature on a global scale. It should not be forgotten that the literary leap that took place in the 19th century was prepared by the entire course of the literary process of the 17th and 18th centuries. The 19th century is the time of the formation of the Russian literary language, which took shape largely thanks to A.S. Pushkin.
PUSHKIN Alexander Sergeevich (1799 - 1837), poet, prose writer, playwright, publicist, critic, founder of new Russian literature, creator of the Russian literary language. Brought up by French tutors, from home schooling he took out only an excellent knowledge of French and a love of reading. As a child, Pushkin became acquainted with Russian poetry from Lomonosov to Zhukovsky, with the comedies of Molière and Beaumarchais, the works of Voltaire and other enlighteners of the 18th century.
A. S. Pushkin began his ascent to the literary Olympus with the poem "Ruslan and Lyudmila" in 1920. And his novel in verse "Eugene Onegin" was called an encyclopedia of Russian life. Romantic poems by A. S. Pushkin "The Bronze Horseman" (1833), "The Fountain of Bakhchisaray", "Gypsies" opened the era of Russian romanticism. Many poets and writers considered A. S. Pushkin their teacher and continued the traditions of creating literary works laid down by him. One of these poets was M. Yu. Lermontov. Known for his romantic poem "Mtsyri", the poetic story "The Demon", many romantic poems. It is interesting that Russian poetry of the 19th century was closely connected with the social and political life of the country.
NV Gogol Along with poetry, prose began to develop. The prose writers of the beginning of the century were influenced by the English historical novels of W. Scott, whose translations were very popular. The development of Russian prose of the 19th century began with the prose works of A. S. Pushkin and N. V. Gogol. Pushkin, under the influence of English historical novels, creates the story The Captain's Daughter, where the action takes place against the backdrop of grandiose historical events: during the time of the Pugachev rebellion. A. S. Pushkin did a colossal job, exploring this historical period. This work was largely political in nature and was directed to those in power.
Since the middle of the 19th century, the formation of Russian realistic literature has been taking place, which is being created against the background of the tense socio-political situation that developed in Russia during the reign of Nicholas I. A crisis in the serf system is brewing, and contradictions between the authorities and the common people are strong. There is a need to create a realistic literature that sharply reacts to the socio-political situation in the country.
Writers turn to the socio-political problems of Russian reality. The genre of the realistic novel is developing. I. S. Turgenev, F. M. Dostoevsky, L. N. Tolstoy, I. A. Goncharov create their own works. Socio-political and philosophical problems prevail. Literature is distinguished by a special psychologism.
A. P. Chekhov M. Gorky The literary process of the late 19th century discovered the names of N. S. Leskov, A. N. Ostrovsky A. P. Chekhov. The latter proved to be a master of a small literary genre - a story, as well as an excellent playwright. A.P. Chekhov's competitor was Maxim Gorky.
The end of the 19th century was marked by the formation of pre-revolutionary sentiments. The realist tradition was beginning to fade. It was replaced by the so-called decadent literature, the hallmarks of which were mysticism, religiosity, as well as a premonition of changes in the socio-political life of the country. Subsequently, decadence grew into symbolism. This opens a new page in the history of Russian literature.
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Alexander Pushkin(1799 - 1837)
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Alexander Pushkin, the father of Russian letters, was the author of over seven hundred lyric poems. He also wrote the volumes of narrative poetry, dramatic works, short stories, and made adaptations of Russian fairy tales. It is one of the Russia's tragedies that Pushkin, involved by the court into a duel over his wife's honor, died when he was only 37 years old.
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Mikhail Lermontov(1814 - 1841)
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A young hussar officer, Mikhail Lermontov, expressing his wrath against the society and his sorrow about Pushkin's death, wrote the verses The Death of the Poet. Lermontov was arrested for his apparent call for freedom and exiled to the Caucasus. In 1841, the rebellious poet was also killed in a duel. In Caucasus, he started writing his most celebrated work, A Hero of Our Time. So remarkable is his craftsmanship that Anton Chekhov recommended anyone to read the first chapter of this novel in order to learn how to write.
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NicholaiGogol (1809 - 1852).
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The real master of the art of satire was Nicholai Gogol. When he arrived to St. Petersburg Pushkin encouraged him as a writer. Gogol is best known as the author of The Government Inspector and Dead Souls. He is famous for telling bitter truths about Russia's troubles.
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Ivan Turgenev (1818 - 1883)
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Novels of Ivan Turgenev were translated into several languages long before the works of any other Russian writer. His first published work Sportsman's Sketches, demonstrated the author's gift for depicting Russian nature and characters. Turgenev became famous with his Nest of Gentlefolk and his masterpiece Fathers and Sons.
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Feodor Dostoevsky (1821 - 1881)
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Feodor Dostoevsky established his name in the literature with his novel Crime and Punishment, published in 1866. This novel made him famous not only at home but also in the whole world. In this work, Dostoevsky gave the brilliant analysis of the Russian character. The hero, Raskolnikov, after committing a crime, experienced deep feeling of repentance.
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Leo Tolstoy(1828 - 1910)
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Dostoevsky, the real master of psychological prose, is often compared with Leo Tolstoy. Tolstoy is the greatest Russian thinker and one of the world "s supreme novelists. The secret of Tolstoy"s literary success lays in his truthfulness to life.
Tolstoy was born in 1828 at the family estate in Yasnaya Polyana. As a young man, he served in the army in the Caucasus and in the Crimea. There he wrote his first Sevastopol's Stories. After marriage to Sophia Behrs in 1862, he spent the next fifteen years in the countryside where he finished his War and Peace in 1869 and Anna Karenina in 1877. Two years later he came to deep spiritual crisis, described in his Confession. Rejecting the inventions of urban civilization, Tolstoy declared a return to the simplicity of primitive agricultural life. He was deeply unhappy about the fact that he was living in conditions of luxury while surrounded by poverty. In the end of his life Tolstoy left Yasnaya Polyana forever at the age of eighty-two.
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Anton Chekhov(I860 - 1904).
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Among Tolstoy's contemporaries, one of the finest prose writers was Anton Chekhov. He was praised by Tolstoy as "an in-comparable artist." Chekhov, an outstanding master of the short story, had become a professional writer by 1888. Yet, he did not abandon his medical training and served as a doctor at his country estate, Melikhovo, near Moscow. -known short stories and plays were written in the last years of his life.Soon after his mar-riage to Olga Knipper, an actress of the Moscow Art Theatre, Chekhov died of tuberculosis in 1904.
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Around the turn of the century a brilliant new generation of prose writers and poets was appearing. Their works contributed to the Silver Age of Russian culture in the years between 1885 and 1915.
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4. Literature of the peoples of Russia Owing to its high ideological richness and deep nationality, advanced Russian culture exerted a powerful revolutionary influence on the cultural development of other peoples of Russia. It was experienced first of all by those peoples who had long been united with the Russian people in one state and developed with them within the framework of a common economic system. At the same time, the unity of revolutionary aspirations and joint participation in the liberation movement largely contributed to the strengthening of cultural ties between the peoples of Russia. Introduction to advanced Russian culture inspired and morally supported the progressive national intelligentsia. Russian classical literature was for national writers and poets a treasury of ideas and images, a school of artistic realism, an example of selfless service to the people.
5. Conclusion None of the previous periods of Russian history knew such a rapid flowering of culture as the 19th century, which began with the work of the genius Pushkin. The phenomenal rise of the spiritual culture of Russia meant the achievement of the highest peaks in literature, music, painting, history and philosophy. This allows us to call the 19th century the "golden age" of Russian culture, which acquired worldwide significance. 19th century was the time of the final formation of Russian national culture and the Russian nation as a community of people, emerging in the process of development of capitalist relations. Russia entered the world cultural community with an undeniable advantage of its own national cultures.
What is the Golden Age.
The 19th century acquired this name due to its incredible flourishing and wealth of creative masterpieces. Some of the works of this time were distinguished by special courage and audacity. At the same time, sensual romanticism was at the peak of popularity. Without fear, serious topics were raised about the problems of society and political flaws, attention was focused on value factors and aesthetic norms.
Brilliant poets and prose writers of the 19th century
The genius of literature and the leader of the Golden Age of Russian literature is Pushkin Alexander Sergeevich.
Evgeny Abramovich Baratynsky and Vasily Andreevich Zhukovsky are known as the founders of romanticism in literature.
Mikhail Yurjevich Lermontov. The golden age of Russian literature knew him as a mystical poet with a broad soul and a deep inner world.
Alexei Nikolaevich Pleshcheev. Genius in revolutionary-democratic poems.
Ivan Zakharovich Surikov. The idea of "peasant" literature is peculiar to him. The poet himself, who comes from the people, helped to reveal the creative potential of other poorly educated and poor people.
The best works of the "golden" period, which will not lose their significance for many more years
Leo Tolstoy's book "War and Peace"
Fyodor Dostoyevsky "Crime and Punishment"
Fyodor Dostoyevsky "The Idiot"
"Dead Souls" by Nikolai Gogol
Romanticism
Romanticism was in demand. The authors of this genre prioritized feelings over reason. Much attention was paid to the love experience of the characters. This genre is clearly visible in the works of Pushkin and the early works of Gogol. Romanticism itself was originally born in Germany, and after some time, gained popularity among Russian writers.
The end of the history of the Golden Age of Russian literature
At the end of the 19th century, the history of literature was replenished with a myriad of various masterpieces. The variety of genres and styles of authors is interesting to read even after centuries. Despite the time difference in the books, which represent the literature of a great creative period, the characters, their types and actions resemble the people of today's society. Conflicts, injustice, the struggle for freedom have not gone away and are also found in modern times. Written in the 19th century remained significant for an infinite period of time and has not lost its relevance to this day.
