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What is the difference between a sketch and a drawing: a comparative characteristic. What is the difference between a sketch and a drawing What is a sketch definition

What are sketches? These are preliminary drawings representing the ideas of future structures, works of art, mechanisms or any of their details.

Detail sketch

This is a schematic representation of it, very similar to a drawing: it also includes all the information necessary for its production and control.

The sketch contains drawings, length, width, material and other information. It is necessary to create a sketch based on the norms and rules of standards. It is very important. Children draw sketches at school in a drawing lesson: the teacher puts a detail in front of them, and they transfer its image to paper. This item requires a checkered notebook.

How to sketch a part?

The sketch is done as follows:

Tattoo sketch

This kind of sketch (also called "flash") is an image drawn on cardboard, sheet or other surface, which is planned to be transferred to the skin.
The master does not have to be an expert in painting, but he needs to have an idea of ​​​​the basic rules for sketching for a tattoo. He must know this for sure. It should be noted that not all artists can become tattooists. Even if they know what sketches are, the process of creating tattoos may not be up to them.

Flash sets, tattoo rehearsal

It is very important to be able to correctly position the pattern on the body. Therefore, many masters cannot do without flash sets (collections of sketches) of experienced tattooists. It is recommended to work with them first of all for beginners. Only with the acquisition of experience will it be possible to start drawing sketches with your own hands. At first, you should limit yourself to creating a tattoo. Sketches, in truth, play a secondary role in this matter.

If the tattoo artist has artistic skills and knows how to create images on sheets, he will easily repeat the picture on the skin. Making a sketch on paper, a person imagines how it will look on the body. The master literally “rehearses” the tattoo, so it will be easier for him to apply the drawing to the skin.

clothes sketch

This type of sketch is a schematic drawing of clothing. How to fulfill it?

Now you know a lot about sketches of details, tattoos and clothing models. By following the above rules, you can make a pretty good sketch. Do not be discouraged if the first time you did not succeed - you need to practice a little.

Sketch (fr. esquise) - a preliminary sketch, fixing the idea of ​​a work of art, structure, mechanism or a separate part of it. Sketch- fast executed freedrawing, not intended as a finished work, often consists of many overlapping lines.

Sketches are inexpensive and allow the artist to sketch and try out other ideas before turning them into a painting.Pencilorpastelmore preferred for sketches due to time constraints, but a quick sketchwatercolorsor even a quickly modeled clay or soft wax model can also be consideredsketchin the broader sense of the word. graphite pencils relatively new invention, artistsrenaissance did sketches using a silver pen on specially prepared paper.

Contrary to popular belief, artists often use erasers when drawing. The eraser can be used to remove construction lines, or to soften lines that are too sharp.

Sketch- a preparatory sketch for the work, reflecting the search for the best embodiment of the creative idea. Sketch can be made in various techniques.

A sketch is a sketch that captures the intention of a literary orartwork, structure, mechanism or its separate part. In literature sketch can be seen as preparatory work in the creationartwork, can be considered as something independent.

in a literary sense sketch accompanies almost any literary work. This is evidenced by the writers' drafts at our disposal. Pushkin used to put on paperpreliminary work plan. ManuscriptsDostoevskystore severalsketchesfor one novel.

Sketches writers testify that at the time of their creation the idea of ​​the work was not yet sufficiently clear: they display numerous alterations and changes. Although sketch, in the sense of preparatorysketchto a work, it must inevitably already have some artistic merit, but, in essence, it belongs rather to the field of psychologycreativitythan to the theory of verbalart.

Sketch, as an independent piece of art, and has independent purely artistic features. Works of this kind are most characteristic of our day, and the spread of this literarygenreis undoubtedly related to the principlesimpressionism.

In the field of literary research example of this kind sketches the "Book of Masks" by Remy de Gourmont can serve, where the general outlines of a number of modern poets are given in a few main lines. In Russian literature, Aikhenwald's book "SilhouettesRussian writers" (where even the title itself emphasizes this sketch character of the letter). Starting from the idea that a literary work exists only in perception, that its effects are born from the contact between the writer and the reader, Eichenwald asserts the inevitable subjectivity of any critical study. Thereby,criticismand can never claim a final, unchangeable meaning. A consciously applied subjective method bringsoutlineEichenwald to typeartistic sketches. This closeness is also emphasized by the form itself.silhouettes': counting workcriticismcontinuation of the work of the poet, Eichenwald uses, as a material, not onlyideas, but also with images and vocabulary, which he finds in one or another of the authors in question. This is the most tried and testedreceptionart-criticalsketch .

In the field of artistic prose, a model sketch can serve as impressionistic constructed poems in the prose of I. Annensky ("Posthumous Poems", 1923).

sketches Verlaine show an obvious predominance of static: the poet's perception lingers on the same lines andpaints. His most distinct example is the play: Dans l’interminable ennui de la plaine, we have a purely pictorial task before us - a plain covered with snow, above it - dull, with coppershadethe arch of the sky, on the horizon the dull gray outlines of the forest, and above everything the pale face of the dying moon drooped:scenerymotionless, frozen.

Sketch found in fiction and as part of a major work: sketch you can name some descriptions and characteristics, for example, Gogol.

Sketches Leonardo da Vinci and Edgar Degas are two examples of artists sketches which have become objects of art.

Progress does not stand still, new buildings, cars, various technical household appliances appear. Their creation is impossible without a preliminary sketch and drawing. Designers are developing more and more complex devices with different characteristics, making sketches. Their main task is to design the part so that it functions correctly. Various drawings help to set the correct and accurate data. It takes patience and attention to avoid mistakes.

History of creation

Plunging into history, you can understand that the origin of the drawings dates back to the end of the twentieth century. Images were written on paper using ink. All engineering, mechanical and architectural drawings were drawn with thin, neat lines, certain areas were shaded using ink washout and painted.

The work was painstaking and took a lot of time. The students of draftsmen studied a huge number of disciplines: descriptive geometry, subjects for constructing figures at various scales, the study of all kinds of line types, the correct use of drawing tools, formulas.

This position is still relevant today. The study is built according to the same scheme, but more modern technologies are used. The program has been greatly simplified with the use of innovative technologies. With the help of computer programs, the construction of a drawing is not difficult, it is enough just to enter accurate data. Their advantage is that there is no need to use auxiliary tools, but the freehand method remains the most reliable and proven.

Sketch and drawing definition

Creation by hand in the eye scale of the drawing is called a sketch. In general terms, a free drawing, not intended as a final work. Does not require precise design construction. For its image, a simple pencil and eraser are often used. That allows at the initial stage to correctly depict a certain idea before bringing it to life.

A drawing is one of the types of design documents that contains data for the production and operation of the product. To create it, precise and clear graphical representations are required. The image of objects using drawing techniques does not rely on one eye and fidelity of the hand, but uses various auxiliary tools. The drawing is made in a certain scale, in accordance with the given dimensions of the product.

What is the difference between a drawing and a sketch. Main criteria

  • Preliminary sketch.
  • We draw by hand.
  • No set scale.
  • Accurate document.
  • Requires drawing tools.
  • Design solution with precise data.

Thus, to create a competent drawing, clearly defined parameters are required, including the scale at which the product will be manufactured. The sketch does not require a scale and is performed in an arbitrary design.

The correct construction and drawing of lines is the main criterion for creating a drawing. The combination of different types of lines is the image of objects in the drawing. It is necessary to use the appropriate type and thickness of the line, depending on their purpose. Several overlapping lines can be used while working on a sketch, and do not require compliance with the type and thickness.

The basic rule for making drawings is the use of various drawing tools or programs on a computer, such as: Compass. The execution of the sketch is arbitrary and does not require such skills.

Create sketches and drawings

However, you can't create a drawing without a sketch. He is the beginning of everything. So that a person does not think, what idea does not come to mind, for its implementation, sketches are needed, those very sketches, without which not a single idea makes sense.
The sketch is made in any technique, various materials can be used. A sketch on paper using a graphic pencil is the most common. Typically a flat image. You can use not only a pencil, and create 3D images using clay or metal wire, giving them different shapes. Such an image is more visual, allows you to accurately complete your plan, and make fewer mistakes.

It is easier for a designer to work with a three-dimensional image, since it is easier to create a scale of exactly the size that is needed. For this, computer programs are most often used, they are easy to use and allow you to view the finished product in three-dimensional form. Mostly used in large enterprises - fully automated production. In conventional production, where there is no automation, manual labor is used, it is more acceptable to use a simple paper drawing. Sometimes such drawings are more functional and help people use them at their workplaces without computers.

But the most important thing is good drawing reading. A correctly drawn and drawn drawing helps to accurately recreate the necessary project. The designer must have all the drawing skills, and not make preliminary sketches. Understand why this or that part is needed in order to avoid gross errors and the correct functioning of the product. Accurately determine the size, and draw the detail in a given scale. Follow all the rules according to the outline, the key to a quality job.

What is a "sketch"? What is the correct spelling of this word. Concept and interpretation.

sketch Sketch (French esquisse), a preliminary sketch, fixing the idea of ​​a work of art or its individual parts. The sketch outlines the compositional structure, spatial plans, the main color ratios of the future work. Sketches are graphic, pictorial, sculptural; usually distinguished by a free, fluent manner of execution, but can be worked out in detail. Many sketches are of great historical and artistic value and independent artistic value. (Source: "Popular Art Encyclopedia." Edited by Polevoy V.M.; M .: Publishing House "Soviet Encyclopedia", 1986.) sketches (French esquisse), a preparatory sketch (graphic, pictorial, sculptural) of the future work , in which the master embodies his idea, looks for a compositional form, places color accents, etc. As a rule, a large work is preceded by a whole series of sketches from a pencil sketch of the first idea to a composition worked out in detail. A. A. Ivanov created for the painting “The Appearance of Christ to the People” approx. 500 sketches and sketches. K. P. Bryullov. "The last day of Pompeii". Sketch. Sepia, ink, pen, pencil. 1828-30 State Tretyakov Gallery. Moscow (Source: "Art. Modern Illustrated Encyclopedia." Ed. by Prof. A.P. Gorkin; M.: Rosmen; 2007.)

sketch- SKETCH, Tsa, m. Preliminary, unfinished drawing, sketch. Exhibition of sketches. E. to the picture. E. de ... Ozhegov's Explanatory Dictionary

sketch- (French esquisse) a preliminary sketch, fixing the idea of ​​a work of art ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia

sketch- SKETCH, sketch, m. (Fr. esquisse). Preliminary, cursory Sketch (picture, drawing; painting). Exhibit ... Ushakov's Explanatory Dictionary

sketch- m. 1. Preliminary sketch for a drawing, painting. // Initial design of the sculpture...

TYPES OF SKETCHES AND THEIR PURPOSE

Any design project begins with a graphic image, which can be conditional, realistic, in the form of a diagram or drawing. The designer, designing this or that object, goes through a series of successive stages. At each stage, certain types of graphic works are performed. Consider the same types of sketches.

Sketch

A sketch is a preliminary sketch that captures the idea of ​​a work of art, a structure, a mechanism, or a separate part of it. A sketch is often a quick freehand drawing not intended as a finished work.

Sketches are inexpensive and allow the artist to sketch and try out other ideas before turning them into a painting. Pencil or pastel is preferred for sketching due to time constraints, but a quick watercolor sketch, or even a quick modeled layout in clay or soft wax, can also be considered a sketch in the broader sense of the word. Renaissance artists made sketches using a silver pen on specially prepared paper. When working on a sketch, an eraser can be used: an eraser is used to remove construction lines or to soften lines that are too sharp.

Linear image, or line graphics, in design design has a very wide application. The line can be considered as one of the main means of fine art in general. The line is used in the drawing, and in the sketch, and in the sketches.

Fore-sketch

A fore-sketch is a preliminary sketch before the final idea is approved, which is worked out in detail in the final sketch. Often performed during a conversation with the customer. The task of working on fore-sketches is to find the compositional, coloristic and tonal organization of image elements on the image plane in accordance with the creative concept. Usually the fore-sketch does not provide for a color scheme.

When developing primary sketches (fore-sketches), the designer needs to quickly and expressively outline the shape and proportions of the object. The sketch technique works best for this. A sketch, which is completed in a short period of time, is characterized by a certain conciseness and conventionality. Without a preliminary pencil drawing, it is necessary to draw an object with any tool (pen, brush), paying special attention to expressiveness, shape and plasticity.

The expressiveness of the sketch largely depends on the technique of execution. A linear sketch solution can be done with a pencil, pen, stick, brush, felt-tip pen.

working sketch

A working sketch is a graphic document containing an image of a part and other data necessary for its manufacture and control. Working drawings of parts are made to a certain scale using drawing tools or a variety of technical means.

The information necessary for the manufacture and control of the object is presented on the sketch in the form of graphical and textual information. The general requirements for the content of this information are as follows:

a) on the sketch, the object must be depicted in the minimum number of images sufficient to understand the form, using the conventions established by the standards;

b) the sketch must be geometrically complete and structurally correct all the necessary dimensions;

c) the sketch must contain the necessary technical requirements, reflecting the features: material, coating, limit deviations of dimensions, tolerances of the shape and location of surfaces, etc.

Thus, the first basic requirement relates to the shape of the part, the second is related to the placement and application of dimensions, the third relates to technical requirements.

technical sketch

A technical sketch is a sketch that is created if there is a need to show certain technological points and solutions. Designers use technical drawing in their work to convey visual and semantic information about the object being designed. This can be a technical drawing of a sign attached to a wall or a drawing that shows the electrical wiring diagram in the product. In this case, all the key elements of the design are depicted, the necessary explanation is given. All this is done for the customer to fully understand the points of interest to him.

A technical sketch of a garment is a working drawing of the garment from the front, back and, if necessary, the side. Such a sketch conveys aspects of the detailed production process in an effective way, conveying information about the proportions, construction, seams and embellishments of designer clothes, so that when it is handed over to the cutter or workshop worker, there is confidence that the ideas will be recreated correctly. A technical sketch is usually created for a designer, cutter, technologist and seamstress.

The technical sketch does not carry exaggeration and stylization, it reflects the proportions of the object in the most clear way; shadows are not superimposed to avoid misunderstandings during production. The drawing is created in a cold, restrained, contour, concrete manner.

presentation sketch

Presentation or exposition sketch is the final stage of preliminary design. In fashion design, as a rule, it is carried out during the development of collections and is intended for discussion by specialists. Such a sketch can contain color, shadows, and everything that makes the project more attractive to the client.

Presentation sketches complete the work on the draft design and are necessary for demonstrating the finished object. There are no restrictions on graphics, the main thing is the expressiveness of the sketch.

The choice of graphic techniques and tools depends on the theme and concept of the object being designed. All this requires a careful approach, the use of the laws of composition (rhythm, subordination of elements, etc.), therefore, in order to proceed to the stage of the presentation of an object, it is required to go through the entire stage of sketching, starting with fore-sketches.

TECHNICAL TECHNIQUES AND METHODS OF THEIR IMPLEMENTATION

Of great importance in design and in the visual arts is the system of means and methods of transmitting visual images of all objects of the real world. Drawing technique is understood as a system of graphic tools and technical methods (techniques) that the artist uses in his work to create specific images performed for educational or creative purposes. A wide line drawn in charcoal, velvety sauce, a variety of deep shades in pencil shading will give unique qualities of texture that are inaccessible to hard graphite or pen drawing. Various texturing techniques include graphic techniques that allow you to create a variety of surfaces and textures.

hand sketches

Linear, or, as they say, contour drawing has its own distinctive qualities. The line is mobile, plastic, conveys all the features of the form; it can be thin and thick, intermittent and trembling, with thickenings. The linear image is conditional, it conveys simplicity, conciseness, clarity of the image and refers to fast graphic techniques. The line can not only be used for a planar image, but also create the illusion of volume, space. The designer must masterfully master linear graphics, be able to work with a pen, pencil and other graphic materials.

The real world can be represented not only in the form of linear, but also in the form of spot silhouette images. The spot is of great importance in sketches and sketches, in work on a costume sketch. The spot has its own shape, plasticity, mass. Silhouette spot graphics can be very expressive. With the help of a spot, you can highlight the accent of the composition, emphasize the sharpness of the silhouette, especially for new promising forms, creative proposals. The spot should be clear, should not be shaded, but made with a brush. To fill the stain, it is recommended to use a large brush so as not to get sloppy streaks. The shape, size of the spot, its contours depend on the concept of the project, the author's intention, etc.

Let's take a look at a few types of artwork.

laundering

A wash is the layering of lightly diluted watercolor or ink to create a smooth gradient or "transparent" fill. Pictures obtained using this technology sometimes look like real photographs.

In modern conditions of computerization of the activities of specialists in architectural and artistic specialties, hillshading has ceased to instill the skills of graphic representation of design material. However, without ceasing to be an integral part of the training of students, it pursues the goal of teaching the basics of a spatial naturalistic pictorial and graphic image, with their laws, rules, methods and techniques of work, performing the following tasks:

· Fostering a culture of mastering and reproducing color.

The reusable practice of obtaining a complex color by means of washing with a visual-emotional example forms a color taste and teaches how to achieve restrained, complex, pleasant colors using other means and materials. The color obtained by washing can be described by adjectives deep, luminous, complex and even intelligent. The fact is that to perform the technique from watercolor or ink, color is prepared by diluting the dye with water in a separate container. From this, each glazed layer of color has transparency and allows you to see through itself the lower layers. When applied layer by layer, each upper layer is enriched with lower layers, and the overall color becomes deeper, but the paper becomes less translucent with each new layer. The function of white is performed by paper. Translucent from under the layers of paint, it brings the quality of color luminosity. When shading, hue, lightness and saturation are made up of layers and depend on their number. The total color of all applied layers is much different from the same color taken from the can.

Development of artistic thinking

Thanks to the transparency of color and multi-layered writing, hillshade in teaching visual literacy inevitably leads the painter to the need to study, deep understanding and absolute understanding of the basic principles and laws of realistic drawing, and also develops the skills of their deliberate application in practical activities by the method of thinking when drawing, which can be called "analytical ".

To perform the wash work, round soft squirrel brushes of various thicknesses are used. It is possible to use kolinsky brushes. Paper for work can be chosen empirically, better stretched over the tablet to prevent bending from water. You can work in technology with watercolors, ink and, oddly enough, tea. You will also need a large container of clean water for rinsing the brush and wetting the paper, one or more smaller containers, palette trays for different colors of colors. A white plate or saucer will replace a plastic palette when working with water-based paint. The rag will serve to wring out the brush and wipe the hands.

Monotype

The word "monotype" is of Greek origin. It consists of two words: "monos" - one, only and "tipos" - a trace, an imprint. Monotype is a type of printed graphics, the invention of which is attributed to the Italian artist and engraver Giovanni Castiglione (1607-1665). Monotype printing technique consists in applying paints by hand on a perfectly smooth surface of a printing plate, followed by printing on a machine; the impression received on paper is always the only one, unique. In psychology and pedagogy, the monotype technique is used to develop the imagination of older preschool children.

For works made in the Monotype technique, the subtlety of color relationships, the smoothness and softness of the outlines of forms are characteristic, which outwardly brings monotype closer to watercolor.

Multicolor (polychrome monotype) is usually done with watercolors or specially degreased oil paints. For a monotype with watercolors, you first need to draw a contour drawing with a pencil on paper. Pencil work is auxiliary, but we must do it on paper of the size that the composition is intended to be.

The paper for the print should be larger than the preparatory drawing. We put the finished draft under the glass. We take watercolors, a brush, water and baby soap. Dilute the paint with soapy water. To work on a monotype, the paint must be thick, and not transparent, as in watercolor painting. We draw with it on glass, through which the pencil drawing should be clearly visible. It is only necessary to ensure that the glass (or film) does not move.

In addition to the multi-color monotype, there is also the so-called monochrome. Most often it is performed in black or brown. This type of monotype is done with printing or oil paints, but the latter must be prepared accordingly, i.e. degrease. To do this, oil paint is squeezed out of the tube onto newsprint or blotting paper. When the paper absorbs the grease, the paint is ready for use. Monochrome monotype can also be done with non-degreased paint, but then there is a threat that the clarity of the image will be disturbed, and besides this, the work will dry for a long time.

Artists very rarely use pure monotype. As a rule, it is used as part of mixed media. In the combination of forms and colors printed on a sheet of paper, the artist guesses the images close to him and finishes what he sees already on paper with a brush.

Stencil

A stencil is a device used to apply various symbols, such as letters, numbers and various images, to different surfaces; this term also refers to an image created using this device.

A stencil in the meaning of a device is a sheet of film, paper, or other material in which several through holes of various shapes are cut, or segments that make up the original image. When making a stencil, the picture is divided into segments in such a way that the stencil does not tear during drawing, and the image remains readable.

Stencils can be divided into groups according to different criteria:

1. By the number of layers - single-layer and multi-layer stencils.

2. According to the duration of use: disposable and reusable.

3. By material: paper, cardboard, film, metal and others.

4. By place of use: in production, in art, in design, in cooking, etc.

In graffiti, stencils are used to increase the clarity of a drawing or to quickly reproduce an image over and over again. In other words, writers (graffiti artists) use it, for example, when you need to add a lot of the same type of small, but clearly drawn elements. Applied with an aerosol can of paint.

Collage

Collage is a technique of creating an image on paper by arranging pieces of various materials. Reception resembles a mosaic. In graphics, a collage is usually interpreted as a combination of paper inserts in one image. You can also use fabric and other materials.

Collage was introduced into art as a formal experiment by the Cubists, Futurists and Dadaists. At that stage, scraps of newspapers, photographs, and wallpaper were used for pictorial purposes. Pieces of fabric, chips, etc. were pasted onto the canvas.

It is believed that Georges Braque and Pablo Picasso were the first to use the collage technique in art in 1910-1912. Kurt Schwitters was the first artist to work exclusively in the collage technique.

It is necessary to distinguish collage from a close, but still different means of depiction - application, that is, the use of various materials and structures - fabrics, newspapers, plywood or tin in order to enhance expressive possibilities. This method of creating an image in its essence and technique is close to inlay.

The collage technique allows you to achieve maximum expressiveness of graphic sketches.

Collage is used in sketches in both pure and mixed media. In mixed media, various colors are added to the collage, the shape is worked out with lines. For the convenience of working with a collage, you can first draw a diagram of the location of the fragments.

A photo collage is a free, arbitrary combination, sometimes not even interconnected, of several photo image styles in one picture or photograph.

In the course of the development of photography, it became possible to use various techniques and methods for creating collages using special effects. It should be noted that this direction of art is becoming more accessible to an increasing number of people who do not have professional skills in photography or computer processing of photographs (for example, using Photoshop).

Application

Application - cutting and gluing (sewing) figures, patterns or whole pictures from pieces of paper, fabric, leather, plant and other materials onto the base material (background). As a rule, the base material is cardboard, thick paper, wood. The application is associated with cognitive activity and has a huge impact on the development of mental and creative abilities of children.

The concept of "application" includes ways to create works of art from materials that are different in their properties and texture, united by the similarity of the execution technique. Each material has its own characteristics, which have a decisive influence on the application technique. For example, paper, straw, dried plants, birch bark are attached to the background with various adhesives; poplar fluff is superimposed on velvet paper.

Application is the simplest and most affordable way to create artwork, which preserves the realistic basis of the image itself. This makes it possible to widely use the application not only for design purposes, but also in creating paintings, panels, ornaments, etc. The main features of the appliqué are the silhouette, the flat generalized interpretation of the image, the locality of large color spots.

Application can be subject, consisting of separate images; plot, displaying a set of actions, events; decorative, including ornaments, patterns that can be used to decorate various objects.

Digital sketches

Digital painting is the creation of electronic images, carried out not by rendering (visualization) of computer models, but by using human computer imitations of traditional artist tools.

The computer in digital painting is the same tool as a brush with an easel. In order to draw well on a computer, it is also necessary to know and be able to apply all the knowledge and experience accumulated by generations of artists (the laws of perspective, color science, glare, reflections, etc.). Unlike traditional painting, digital painting has advanced and high-tech features of tools and capabilities: for example, working with layers or applying textures from photographs to the areas of the picture you need; generation of noise of a given type; various brush effects; various filters and corrections, and much more.

Consider the most popular graphic programs for creating digital sketches.

Adobe Photoshop

Adobe Photoshop is a multifunctional graphics editor developed and distributed by Adobe Systems. It mainly works with raster images, but it has some vector tools. The product is the market leader in commercial bitmap editing tools and is Adobe's best known product. This program is often referred to simply as Photoshop.

Despite the fact that the program was originally developed as an image editor for printing, it is now widely used in web design.

The extended version of the Adobe Photoshop Extended program is intended for more professional use, namely, when creating films, videos, multimedia projects, three-dimensional graphic design and web design, for working in the fields of production, medicine, architecture, and scientific research.

Adobe Illustrator

Adobe Illustrator is a vector graphics editor developed and distributed by Adobe Systems.

The program was conceived as a vector graphics editor, but designers use it for different purposes. The program has a wide range of drawing tools and color and text management capabilities.

With Adobe Illustrator, you can create vector images of any complexity, quickly and accurately turn hand-drawn scanned sketches, photographs, or other raster images into editable vector paths, while an intuitive interface and easy access to all application features provide a professional level of control over the entire graphic creation process. .

You can create a dynamic design for any projects. Thanks to the precision and functionality of the tools, Adobe Illustrator CS6 software is used by design professionals around the world.

Autodesk 3ds Max

Autodesk 3ds Max (formerly 3D Studio MAX) is a full-featured professional software system for creating and editing three-dimensional graphics and animation developed by Autodesk. Contains state-of-the-art tools for artists and multimedia professionals.

3ds Max has extensive tools for creating three-dimensional computer models of various shapes and complexity, real or fantastic objects of the surrounding world, using a variety of techniques and mechanisms.

Modeling based on standard objects, as a rule, is the main method of modeling and serves as a starting point for creating objects of complex structure, which is associated with the use of primitives in combination with each other as elementary parts of composite objects.

Adobe After Effects

Adobe After Effects is software from Adobe Systems for editing video and motion images, developing compositions (compositing), animation, and creating various effects. It is widely used in the processing of footage (color correction, post-production), when creating commercials, music videos, in the production of animation (for television and the web), titles for feature and television films, as well as for a number of other tasks that require use of digital video effects.

The name comes from an effect known as "permanence (inertness) of the visual sensation", this mechanism uses the sensory memory of the retina, which allows you to store visual information for a short period of time.

With an extensive library of third-party plug-ins, After Effects is also used in print and graphic design to edit static graphics (photos, computer-generated images, etc.).

Paint Tool Sai

Paint Tool Sai is a program developed by a Japanese company for digital painting.

Paint Tool Sai is one of the best drawing software. SAI offers a wide variety of tools that can be highly customized. There are some important filters and effects that make the program complete. The program offers both raster and vector drawing tools.

The Sai user interface allows you to keep more than one document open at the same time. The drawing canvas can be both scaled and rotated using the sliders on the navigator or hotkeys configured on the keyboard. It is also possible to keep different areas of the same document open. The color mixing panel can be saved between sessions. Colors can be saved in the swatches panel.

Various bitmap drawing tools are implemented, such as Airbrush, Watercolor, Pen, and Marker, which can all be easily customized, and stored in slots in the application's user interface. There are also a number of vector drawing tools designed for inking which, like raster tools, can be configured to be pressure sensitive (such as on drawing tablets).

Some typical features that are inherent in graphics programs are not implemented. These are text, gradients, and shapes. SAI focuses on how to draw and paint, while the final stage of creating a picture is outsourced to other applications.

AutoCAD is a 3D computer-aided design and drafting system developed by Autodesk. The first version of the system was released in 1982. AutoCAD and specialized applications based on it are widely used in mechanical engineering, construction, architecture and other industries. The program is available in 18 languages. The level of localization ranges from full customization to translation of reference documentation only. The Russian version is fully localized, including the command line interface and all documentation, except for the programming manual.

The widespread use of AutoCAD in the world is due, not least, to advanced development and adaptation tools that allow you to customize the system to the needs of specific users and significantly expand the functionality of the base system. A large set of application development tools makes the base version of AutoCAD a versatile application development platform.

ArchiCAD

ArchiCAD is a graphic CAD software package for architects and landscape designers created by Graphisoft. Designed for the design of architectural and building structures and solutions, as well as landscape elements, furniture, etc.

When working in a package, the concept of a Virtual Building is used. Its essence lies in the fact that the ARCHICAD project represents a virtual model of a real building that exists in the computer's memory. For its implementation, the designer at the initial stages of working with the project actually “builds” the building, using tools that have their full analogues in reality: walls, ceilings, windows, stairs, various objects, etc. Having completed the modeling stage, the user can extract from the "virtual building" all the necessary data to create project documentation: floor plans, facades, sections, explications, specifications, visualizations, etc.