Granin biography. Biography of Daniil Granin: personal life and family of the writer. About the miracle of victory and Pushkin

Writer and public figure Daniil Alexandrovich Granin (real name German) was born on January 1, 1919 in the village of Volyn, Kursk region (according to other sources - in Volsk, Saratov province) in the family of a forester. From childhood he lived in Leningrad (now St. Petersburg).

He graduated from the Electromechanical Faculty of the Polytechnic Institute (1940), worked as an engineer at the Kirov Plant. In July 1941 he joined the people's militia, fought on the Leningrad front, was wounded. He ended the Patriotic War in East Prussia as a commander of a company of heavy tanks, and was awarded military orders.

After the war, he was the head of the regional cable network of Lenenergo, a graduate student at the Polytechnic Institute, and the author of a number of articles on electrical engineering.

Granin's early literary experiments date back to the second half of the 1930s. In 1937, his first stories "The Return of Roullac" and "Motherland" dedicated to the Paris Commune were published in the magazine "Cutter". The writer considers the publication in 1949 in the Zvezda magazine of the story "Second Option" as the beginning of his professional literary activity. Then, at the request of the namesake, writer Yuri German, he took the pseudonym Granin.

Daniil Granin's first books were the novels A Dispute Across the Ocean (1950), Yaroslav Dombrovsky (1951) and a collection of essays about the builders of the Kuibyshev hydroelectric power station New Friends (1952). The first novel "The Searchers", which brought fame to the writer, was published in 1955.

In his prose, Granin skillfully combined two genre structures, social fiction and documentary fiction, with a unifying cross-cutting theme: scientists, inventors in the modern world, their moral code and traditions of civic behavior. Granin consistently explored this topic in novels ("Searchers", 1954; "After the wedding", 1958; "I'm going into a thunderstorm", 1962), in stories and short stories ("Own Opinion", 1956; "Place for a Monument", 1969; "Someone must", 1970; "Unknown person", 1989), in documentary and artistic works, where, along with historical plots ("Reflections in front of a portrait that does not exist", 1968; "The Tale of a Scientist and an Emperor", 1971) an important place is occupied by biographical stories about the biologist Alexander Lyubishchev ("This Strange Life", 1974), about the physicist Igor Kurchatov ("Choice of Target", 1975), about the geneticist Nikolai Timofeev-Resovsky ("Zubr", 1987).

New facets of the writer's talent were revealed in the novel "Flight to Russia" (1994), which tells about the life of scientists in the vein of not only documentary and philosophical-journalistic, but also adventurous-detective storytelling.

Daniil Granin - Hero of Socialist Labor, laureate of the State Prizes of the USSR and the Russian Federation (for the novel "Evenings with Peter the Great", 2001), holder of two Orders of Lenin, Orders of the Red Banner, Red Banner of Labor, Red Star, two Orders of the Patriotic War II degree, Order "For Services to the Fatherland" III degree, the Order of the Holy Apostle Andrew the First-Called, awarded the Grand Cross for services to reconciliation (Germany). He is a laureate of the Heinrich Heine Prize (Germany), a member of the German Academy of Arts, an honorary doctor of St. Petersburg University for the Humanities, a member of the Academy of Informatics, President of the Menshikov Foundation, a laureate of the Alexander Menya Prize.

November 27, 2012 Daniil Granin was awarded with the wording "For honor and dignity". In addition, he is for the novel "My Lieutenant", which tells about the Great Patriotic War.

A minor planet of the solar system No. 3120 is named after Granin.

By a resolution of the Legislative Assembly of St. Petersburg in 2005, the writer was awarded the title of Honorary Citizen of St. Petersburg.

Daniil Granin was married, his wife Rimma Mayorova died in 2004. Has a daughter, Marina (born in 1945).

The material was prepared on the basis of information from open sources

Another fake of the Brezhnev-Gorbachev spill has passed away. Having begun his writing activity in 1950 with a story about the scientific superiority of the Stalinist USSR over the USA - "The Victory of Engineer Korsakov", the Vlasov shifter grew in 1991 to the transcendental essay "Fear" - about overcoming the fear of totalitarian communism by the Soviet personality.

Who really was Daniil Aleksandrovich German? Why and when did he change his real name to a pseudonym? What in reality were the labor, military, literary paths of the popularizer of the scientific achievements of the USSR, the propagandist of trench truth, the singer of European values in the person of Mannerheim and Vlasov?

There are no real documents that can trace his life path. And this despite the fact that in the Stalinist USSR office work, like other areas of state building, were raised to a scientific height.

"Born on January 1, 1919 in the village of Volyn (now the Kursk region), according to other data— in the Saratov region, in the family forester Alexander Danilovich German and his wife Anna Bakirovna.

How German ended up 1,500 km from his native hearth is a mystery. What happened to the forester's family is unknown. It is known that from 1935 to 1940 (17-21 years old) he studied at the Leningrad Polytechnic Institute. In all military documents, he was still referred to as Herman.
He did not pass military service in the Red Army under the law on universal military duty. After graduating from the electromechanical faculty, he was sent to the Kirov plant as an engineer.

In the "Alphabetic card" of the student Herman D. (LD-1, without pagination), the nationality column indicated "Jew".
In the award list from 1942 - "Ukrainian". https://litrossia.ru/archive/item/7225-oldarchive
Granin D. A. secretary in the literary field already as a "Russian".

At the Kirov Plant, engineer Granin was promoted to deputy. Secretary of the Komsomol committee of the plant. With the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, the plant switched to a military regime - a reservation for workers from being drafted into the army, enhanced food rations.

Wikipedia points to Granin's participation in the defense of the Luga line (August 8-13, 1941) and in the battles for the Pulkovo Heights (September 13-23, 1941) as part of a division of the people's militia. Indeed, three divisions of the people's militia of 10,000 l / s were formed from June 29, 1941 in the Leningrad military district. The 1st took part in the defense of the Luga line. Pulkovo Heights was defended by the 2nd. Could citizen Granin be simultaneously enlisted in different military units?

Among the numerous photos of Granin (in the center), only 3 from the period of the Great Patriotic War were found. This one was made before January 1943, when the Red Army switched to a new uniform. There are no awards.

Moreover, some documents speak of Granin's participation in the battles near Pskov in 1941 - July 3-8, 1941, where he was wounded twice! But near Pskov there were no divisions of the people's militia!! They were formed only by the beginning of August 1941!!! That. we have Granin wounded twice near Pskov, who took part in the battles on August 8-13 at the Luga line and on September 13-23 for the Pulkovo heights. It won't be enough!!!

The subsequent military path is described as follows - "at the front in 1942 he joined the CPSU (b). Then he was seconded to the Ulyanovsk Tank School, fought in the tank troops, the last position at the front was the commander of a company of heavy tanks." Ulyanovsk is located 1,600 km from Leningrad.

It is known that Granin was a senior political commissar, and then a commissar of the 2nd separate repair and restoration battalion. "The battalion was formed only on May 2, 1942. Information about the service as a commander of a tank company and awards Orders of the Red Banner and the Patriotic War, 1st class during the hostilities are not confirmed.

Photo after January 1943 Medal "For the Defense of Leningrad" (established on December 22, 1942) and order of the Red Star, about the awarding of which there is no talk at all anywhere. Order of the Red Star numbered.

It was not possible to find the original photo from which the clipping was made. Cases of photographing with other people's awards to force in front of relatives and friends were quite common. The use of such photos to claim real awards in peacetime was punishable by law.

The question arises - how could he have witnessed the blockade of Leningrad, if from the beginning of July to the end of September 1941 he was wound around the fronts, and in October 1941, after two July wounds (!!!), he was sent for retraining to the Ulyanovsk tank school. What was the severity of the wounds at the beginning of July, which made it possible to take part in the battles of August 8-13 and September 13-23 ??? And whether they were at all ... Information on this subject from military hospitals is not available.

Information about the military route ends on May 2, 1942. I did not trace the military history of the 2nd separate repair and restoration battalion. But, I know for sure, on his way there were also the liberation of large cities of the Soviet Fatherland and the capture of the enemy capitals of Europe by the Third Reich. In commemoration of these glorious victories, medals "for the capture ..." and "for the release ..." were cast. Neither of them was awarded to D. A. Granin.
It is known for sure that during the war years the senior political instructor Granin joined the ranks of the CPSU (b).

CONCLUSION: An analysis of his biography and personal memories suggests that he was not on the front line, as in besieged Leningrad. This part of Herman/Granin's life is completely falsified.

From 1945 to 1950 he worked at Lenenergo and the research institute.
In the future - a professional writer. Since the Literary Institute. Gorky did not graduate, we can justifiably call Granin a nugget of writers. To be more precise - a popularizer of Soviet science. Even more precisely, he was a lecturer in the Knowledge Society, who, by a strange coincidence, received the opportunity for all-Union book publishing.

There are three purely fictional novels - "The Searchers" (1954), "After the Wedding" (1958), "I'm Going to the Thunderstorm" (1962). The texts are quite miserable, and therefore easily transformed into performances, screenplays, children's matinees, radio shows.
In 1987, he released the biographical novel "Zubr", dedicated to the SS officer N.V. Timofeev-Resovsky. The ode to the "great scientist biologist", who accepted Himmler's personal offer to participate in the breeding of the Aryan race, went with a bang in the Gorbachev period. The nomenclature elite of the CPSU urgently needed traitors and collaborators. The country was rapidly led to destruction.

With three full-length artistic works, Granin is knocked out as secretary - 1962, second secretaries - 1965, first secretaries 1967-71 of Le-ning-grad-sky from de-le-tion of the joint venture of the RSFSR. Such rapid movement up the bureaucratic ladder left little time for true creativity. The necessity of script processing of own texts for film and theater repertoire separated from the original work. Zhaden was Daniil Alexandrovich, he chopped cabbage to the last.

ml. political instructor (lieutenant) Granin
A lot of time was spent on denunciations of possible competitors in the literary field. One of them was Joseph Brodsky. It was for effective assistance in revealing the true face of the parasite-anti-Soviet and criminal conviction of the future Nobelian at the trial of 1964 that D. A. Granin received in 1965 the post of second secretary of Lenin-grad-sko-go from de-le- niya SP RSFSR. Together with the position of 3,000 rubles. salary + social bonuses of the widest range.

What the Granins/Germans called for in 1993 fully materialized in Ukraine in 2014.

SO THAT IS HE IS A REINDEER!

At the age of 95, in 2014, he spoke in the German Bundestag before the deputies and the chancellor with repentance to the great German people for the defeat of the Red Army / USSR Armed Forces of Europe of the Third Reich and forcing Hitler to commit suicide. He died on July 4, 2017 in St. Petersburg at the age of 98.

p.s. Now Granin's works are included in the school literature curriculum. Under the conditions of Kerensky-Vlasov Russia, democratic choice is a direct road to oblivion. Can you imagine the younger generation of start-upers and managers, shocked by the ups and downs of industrial novels, set out in the rough language of a political officer?
This says a lot when Gorky, Mayakovsky, Nikolai Ostrovsky, as well as Alexander, are seized, and Granins, Aleksievich and a scattering of funny stories about Ms. Ulitskaya's childhood homopederasty come in their place.
In the USSR, Granin's most popular novels did not reach a circulation of 30,000 copies. This despite the fact that the children's writer Nosov was published by 3 million. State regulation did not rule out a market assessment of the quality of literary work by grateful readers.
There are also no literary studies of the features of Granin's style and language. Nothing to explore. In the documents of the wartime, in the nationality column, Herman / Granin indicated - "Ukrainian".

p.s.s. the falsification of the biography of Granin / German was much more sophisticated -
Who are you, creature - Granin or Herman? http://norg-norg.livejournal.com/302950.html

CONCLUSIONS;
Who was Herman/Garin D.A.? Banal deserter for life. Some of them hid from the justice of the Soviet people for 20-30 years in basements and under the beds of their parents. This one endlessly turned over his own biography, political views, social behavior.
Does Putin know whom he awards with the highest decorations of Russia? If not, he's worthless. If yes, what are the heroes, such is both Russia and Putin.

writer Granin discusses with US Ambassador Teft the idea of a landmark novel "Grants to be!"

A recognized classic of Russian literature, a participant in the Great Patriotic War, Daniil Granin. He was born in 1919, when the country was just recovering from the revolution. At 21, Granin went to the front - and after four long years, at 25, after the end of hostilities, he returned to his homeland, which, with his forces and the forces of thousands of other similar young people, had to be reborn after a difficult war. At the age of 30, Daniil Granin was already publishing. By 1976 he received the first state award. Until the last days of his life, he wrote, wrote, wrote ...

Despite the fact that Daniil Aleksandrovich Granin remained our contemporary, much is still unknown about him. There are different opinions even regarding his place of birth. For example, some researchers of his work believe that Granin was born in the Saratov region, although the official biography says that this happened near Kursk.

January 1, 1919, when the whole world celebrated the New Year, forester Alexander Danilovich German and his wife Anna Bakirovna met their newborn son Daniel. No one could have imagined what heights a village boy would achieve, born in a completely new country in an absolutely crazy time.

When Daniel grew up, his parents decided to move to Leningrad in order to give their son a decent education. It was there, on Mokhovaya Street near Liteiny Prospekt, that the school was located, in which young Daniil German, according to his memoirs, "fell in love with studies." He especially liked the lessons of physics, although the second most important subject for him, of course, was literature. Secondary education, which was easy for a young man, was followed by higher education - but this was not without hesitation. Daniel passionately loved history, books, literature and language, but his parents insisted: since the young man is interested in physics, then the most correct thing would be to enter an engineering specialty. So the future writer ended up at the Leningrad Polytechnic Institute (now Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University).

Daniil Granin in the 1940s / Photo: RIA Novosti

Daniil German was admitted to the electromechanical faculty, which issued him a diploma in 1940, a year before the start of the Great Patriotic War. Immediately after graduation, the young specialist was immediately hired at the Kirov Plant of the Northern Capital. In July 1941, it was from there that the 21-year-old Petersburger volunteered to go to the front as part of the factory militia. In the future, not a single interview of the famous writer was without questions about the war, many of his texts and books were devoted to the great tragedy, for most readers his name is inextricably linked with the Great Patriotic War. A special place in his bibliography is occupied by the Blockade Book - a collection of documentary prose about the blockade of Leningrad (1941 - 1944), written in collaboration with the Belarusian prose writer Ales Adamovich. He was rightly called "the last writer of the Great Patriotic War."

Daniil German met the beginning of the Great Patriotic War on the Leningrad and Baltic fronts, then fought on the Luga line, on the Pulkovo Heights. In 1943 he was seconded to the Ulyanovsk Tank School and then fought in the heavy artillery troops. So he rose to the rank of commander of a tank company, in whose rank he ended up in the war on the territory of East Prussia. In 1945, after the Great Patriotic War, he returned to the engineering service, was engaged in the restoration of the energy sector in post-war Leningrad.

Daniil Granin and Ales Adamovich at a meeting with veterans of the blockade. In the center is one of the heroines of the Blockade Book by Yevgeny Stroganova / Photo: Alexei Varfolomeev, RIA Novosti

Although the writer himself considered his literary debut the story "Second Option", published in 1949 in the magazine "Star", his creative career began much earlier. Even before the war, he wrote stories about the Paris Commune in the magazine "Rezets" - they date back to 1937. Many years later, he returned to them and turned short texts into the historical story "Yaroslav Dombrovsky". But the publication in Zvezda really opened up a new writer to the world - it was then, in 1949, that Daniil Alexandrovich German, a native of the Kursk province, took his famous pseudonym Granin. This happened at the request of the magazine editor of the prose department, his namesake Yuri German. In the same year, The Victory of Engineer Korsakov (1950) was published. He chose for his work a topic that was important for the entire USSR - science and industry. His heroes were engineers and scientists, researchers and builders of hydroelectric power stations. Much later, having already become a famous writer, he created documentary biographical works in which he told the stories of the genetic biologist Nikolai Timofeev-Resovsky (1987) and the biologist and entomologist Alexander Lyubishchev (1974), who made a great contribution to the development and popularization of science in the USSR.

Fame came to Granin in 1955 after the publication of the novel The Searchers. Everyone liked the story of the Soviet scientist Andrei Lobanov - both colleagues, readers, and the authorities. The inventor is not only trying to create a device unique for that time - a locator for finding places where telephone networks are broken, but is also fighting paperwork and bureaucratic system in the name of scientific research. After this work, Granin was not only elected a delegate to the Second Congress of Writers, but for the first time in his life his novel was filmed. The full-length color film of 1956 was staged at Lenfilm by Mikhail Shapiro. The audience was ecstatic!

A few more years later, the writer again found himself ahead of his colleagues in the workshop - his novel "I'm going into a thunderstorm" became a discovery for the Soviet reader. It was called a breakthrough, it was considered the best novel of the year (if not the decade). In the center of the plot of the 1962 novel were again scientists, young physicists Sergei and Oleg. While still students, they began to study the thunderstorm and decided that they could curb the elements. Their goal is simple - they want to learn how to control flashes of lightning and thunder. But at some point between friends there is a contradiction. One believes that the search for truth lies at the heart of everything, while the other is ready to do anything for the sake of success. Existential and psychological, revolutionary in its own way, the novel did not pass by readers and became a reference book of its own and subsequent generations. "I'm going into a thunderstorm" was filmed twice - in 1965, the film of the same name by Sergei Mikaelyan was shot at Lenfilm, and in 1987, a remake of Bulat Mansurov's "Defeat" was prepared at Mosfilm.

Finally, in the 70s, the name of Daniil Granin reappeared on the pages of newspapers and magazines. Novy Mir published a selection of documentary prose, which was later published in the form of Blockade Book. She became one of the most discussed not only among Leningraders, but throughout the country. The chronicle of the siege of Leningrad, the frightening documentary stories of the past became a discovery - many readers entered into a debate with the writer, argued with him and accused him of falsification. It should be noted that the first part of the Blockade Book was published in a Moscow thick literary magazine for a reason. The text was published in Novy Mir back in 1977, but in Leningrad, where at that time Grigory Romanov was the first secretary of the Leningrad Regional Committee of the CPSU, a ban was imposed on the printing of Granin and Adamovich's blockade stories. The book appeared only in 1984, after the change of city leadership and Grigory Romanov's move to the capital.

Until the last days, Daniil Granin wrote - over the years of his life he created dozens of large and small works, including "Return Ticket", "River of Times", "Bison", "Our Battalion Commander", "Unknown Man", "Evenings with Peter the Great" , "My lieutenant" and many others. Granin's bibliography contains spy and documentary novels, biographies of Soviet and European scientists, novellas and essays, travel essays and scientific articles.

In the spring of 2017, Daniil Granin's last book, She and Everything Else, was published in Moscow. Fresh work only indirectly touched on the military theme - the new novel was written primarily about love. About the relationship between a St. Petersburg engineer and a German woman studying the heritage of the architect Spreer, a prominent figure in the Third Reich. Critics even managed to compare it with Bunin's prose, "She and Everything Else" became so atypical for Granin.

Daniil Granin died on July 4 in St. Petersburg. A writer and public figure, screenwriter and war veteran, he did not live to see his 100th birthday in just a year and a half. In 2017, he was awarded the state prize "For outstanding achievements in the field of humanitarian work" by Russian President Vladimir Putin. In addition, he became a laureate of state awards of the USSR and twice the Russian Federation, as well as the President of the Russian Federation. Since 2005, he has held the title of Honorary Citizen of St. Petersburg.

Farewell to the writer will be held at the Taurida Museum of St. Petersburg on July 8. On the same day, Daniil Granin will be buried at the Komarovsky cemetery next to his wife.

Born in 1919. Father - German Alexander Danilovich, was a forester. Mother - Anna Bakirovna. Wife - Mayorova R. M. (born in 1919). Daughter - Marina Daniilovna Chernysheva (born in 1945).

Parents lived together in different forest areas of the Novgorod and Pskov regions. My father was twenty years older than my mother. She had a good voice, all her childhood passed under her singing.

There were snowy winters, shooting, fires, river floods - the first memories interfere with the stories he heard from his mother about those years. In their native places, the Civil War was still burning out, gangs raged, rebellions broke out. Childhood was split in two: at first it was forest, later - urban. Both of these jets, without mixing, flowed for a long time and remained separate in D. Granin's soul. Forest childhood is a bathhouse with a snowdrift, where a steamy father and men jumped, winter forest roads, wide home-made skis (and city skis are narrow, on which they walked along the Neva to the very bay). I remember best mountains of fragrant yellow sawdust near the sawmills, logs, timber exchange passages, tar mills, and sledges, and wolves, the comfort of a kerosene lamp, trolleys on sloping roads.

Mother - a city dweller, a fashionista, young, cheerful - did not sit in the village. Therefore, she took it as a blessing to move to Leningrad. For the boy, city childhood flowed - studying at school, his father's visits with baskets of lingonberries, with cakes, with village ghee. And all summer - in his forest, in the timber industry, in winter - in the city. As the eldest child, everyone pulled him, the first-born, to himself. It was not a quarrel, but there was a different understanding of happiness. Then everything was resolved by a drama - my father was exiled to Siberia, somewhere near Biysk, the family remained in Leningrad. Mother worked as a dressmaker. And she worked the same at home. Ladies appeared - they came to choose a style, try on. Mother loved and did not love this work - she loved because she could show her taste, her artistic nature, she did not love because they lived poorly, she could not dress herself, her youth was spent on other people's outfits.

After the exile, my father became a "disenfranchised", he was forbidden to live in big cities. D. Granin, as the son of a "disenfranchised", was not accepted into the Komsomol. He studied at the school on Mokhovaya. There were still a few teachers of the Tenishevsky School, which was here before the revolution - one of the best Russian gymnasiums. In the physics classroom, the students used devices from the time of Siemens-Halske on thick ebonite panels with massive brass contacts. Each lesson was like a performance. Professor Znamensky taught, then his student, Ksenia Nikolaevna. The long teacher's table was like a stage where an extravaganza was played out with the participation of a beam of light spread out by prisms, electrostatic machines, discharges, vacuum pumps.

The literature teacher had no apparatus, nothing but a love of literature. She organized a literary circle, and most of the class began to compose poetry. One of the best school poets became a well-known geologist, another a mathematician, and a third a specialist in the Russian language. Nobody became a poet.

Despite the interest in literature and history, it was recognized at the family council that engineering was more reliable. Granin entered the electrical engineering faculty of the Polytechnic Institute, graduating in 1940. Energy, automation, the construction of hydroelectric power stations were then professions full of romance, like atomic and nuclear physics later. Many teachers and professors participated in the creation of the GOELRO plan. There were legends about them. They were the pioneers of domestic electrical engineering, they were capricious, eccentric, each allowed himself to be a personality, to have his own language, to communicate his views, they argued with each other, argued with accepted theories, with the five-year plan.

Students went to practice in the Caucasus, at the Dneproges, worked on installation, repair, were on duty at the consoles. In the fifth year, in the midst of his graduation work, Granin began to write a historical story about Yaroslav Dombrovsky. He wrote not about what he knew, what he was doing, but about what he did not know and did not see. There was also the Polish uprising of 1863, and the Paris Commune. Instead of technical books, he subscribed to the Public Library for albums with views of Paris. Nobody knew about this hobby. Granin was ashamed of writing, and what he wrote seemed ugly, pathetic, but he could not stop.

After graduation, Daniil Granin was sent to the Kirov Plant, where he began to design a device for finding faults in cables.

From the Kirov factory he went to the people's militia, to the war. However, they were not released immediately. I had to work hard to get the booking cancelled. The war passed for Granin, not letting go for a day. In 1942, at the front, he joined the party. He fought on the Leningrad front, then on the Baltic, was an infantryman, a tanker, and ended the war as a commander of a company of heavy tanks in East Prussia. During the war, Granin met love. As soon as they managed to register, they announced an alarm, and they sat, already husband and wife, for several hours in a bomb shelter. Thus began family life. This was interrupted for a long time, until the end of the war.

He spent the entire blockade winter in the trenches near Pushkino. Then they sent me to a tank school and from there as a tank officer to the front. There was a shell shock, there was an encirclement, a tank attack, there was a retreat - all the sorrows of the war, all its joys and its filth, I drank everything.

Granin considered the post-war life he had inherited as a gift. He was lucky: his first comrades in the Writers' Union were front-line poets Anatoly Chivilikhin, Sergei Orlov, Mikhail Dudin. They accepted the young writer into their loud, cheerful fellowship. And besides, there was Dmitry Ostrov, an interesting prose writer, whom Granin met at the front in August 1941, when on the way from the headquarters of the regiment they spent the night together in the hayloft, and when they woke up, they found that the Germans were all around ...

It was to Dmitry Ostrov that Granin brought in 1948 his first completed story about Yaroslav Dombrovsky. Ostrov, it seems, never read the story, but nonetheless he convincingly proved to his friend that if you really want to write, then you need to write about your engineering work, about the fact that you know how you live. Today, Granin advises young people to do this, apparently forgetting how dull such moralizing seemed to him then.

The first post-war years were wonderful. Then Granin did not yet think of becoming a professional writer, literature was for him just a pleasure, a rest, a joy. In addition to it, there was work - in Lenenergo, in the cable network, where it was necessary to restore the city's energy facilities destroyed during the blockade: repair cables, lay new ones, put substations and transformer facilities in order. Every now and then there were accidents, there was not enough capacity. Raised from bed, at night - an accident! It was necessary to throw light from somewhere, to extract energy for the extinguished hospitals, water supply, schools. Switch, repair... In those years - 1945-1948 - cablemen, power engineers, felt themselves the most necessary and influential people in the city. As the energy economy was being restored and improved, Granin's interest in operational work was fading. The normal, accident-free regime that was sought was both satisfying and boring. At that time, experiments on the so-called closed networks began in the cable network - calculations of new types of electrical networks were checked. Daniil Granin took part in the experiment, and his longtime interest in electrical engineering revived.

At the end of 1948, Granin suddenly wrote a story about graduate students. It was called "Second Option". Daniil Alexandrovich brought him to the Zvezda magazine, where he was met by Yuri Pavlovich German, who was in charge of prose in the magazine. His friendliness, simplicity and captivating ease of attitude to literature greatly helped the young writer. The lightness of Yu. P. German was a special property, rare in Russian literary life. It consisted in the fact that he understood literature as a cheerful, happy business with the purest, even holy, attitude towards it. Granny was lucky. Later, he did not meet with anyone such a festively mischievous attitude, such pleasure, pleasure from literary work. The story was published in 1949, almost without amendments. He was noticed by critics, praised, and the author decided that from now on it will go that way, that he will write, he will immediately be published, praised, glorified, etc.

Fortunately, the next story - "Dispute across the ocean", published in the same "Star", was severely criticized. Not for artistic imperfection, which would be fair, but for "admiration for the West", which it just did not have. This injustice surprised, outraged Granin, but did not discourage him. It should be noted that engineering work created a wonderful sense of independence. In addition, he was supported by the honest exactingness of senior writers - Vera Kazimirovna Ketlinskaya, Mikhail Leonidovich Slonimsky, Leonid Nikolaevich Rakhmanov. A wonderful literary environment still survived in Leningrad in those years - Evgeny Lvovich Schwartz, Boris Mikhailovich Eikhenbaum, Olga Fedorovna Berggolts, Anna Andreevna Akhmatova, Vera Fedorovna Panova, Sergei Lvovich Tsimbal, Alexander Ilyich Gitovich were alive - that diversity of talents and personalities, which is so needed at a young age. But perhaps what helped Granin most of all was a sympathetic interest in everything he did, Tai Grigorievna Lishina, her deep-spoken ruthlessness and absolute taste... She worked in the Propaganda Bureau of the Writers' Union. Many writers are indebted to her. New poems were constantly read in her room, stories, books, magazines were discussed ...

Soon Daniil Granin entered the graduate school of the Polytechnic Institute and at the same time began to write the novel "Searchers". By that time, the long-suffering book "Yaroslav Dombrovsky" had already been published. In parallel, Granin was also engaged in electrical engineering. He published several articles, moved on to the problems of the electric arc. However, these mysterious, interesting activities required time and complete immersion. In my youth, when I had a lot of strength and even more time, it seemed that it was possible to combine science and literature. And I wanted to combine them. Each of them pulled towards itself with greater force and jealousy. Each one was wonderful. The day came when Granin discovered a dangerous crack in his soul. It's time to choose. Or either. The novel "Searchers" was published, it was a success. There was money, it was possible to stop holding on to your postgraduate scholarship. But Granin dragged on for a long time, waited for something, gave lectures, working part-time, did not want to break away from science. I was afraid, I didn't believe in myself... In the end it happened. Not leaving for literature, but leaving the institute. Subsequently, the writer sometimes regretted that he had done it too late, began to write seriously, professionally late, but sometimes he regretted that he had abandoned science. Only now Granin begins to comprehend the meaning of the words of Alexander Benois: "The greatest luxury that a person can afford is to always do as he wants."

Granin wrote about engineers, scientists, scientists, scientific creativity - all this was his theme, his environment, his friends. He did not have to study the material, go on creative business trips. He loved these people - his heroes, although their life was not rich in events. It was not easy to portray her inner tension. It was even more difficult to introduce the reader to the course of their work, so that the reader would understand the essence of their passions and not apply schemes and formulas to the novel.

The 20th Party Congress was the decisive frontier for Granin. He made me see the war, myself, and the past in a different way. In a different way - it meant to see the mistakes of the war, to appreciate the courage of the people, soldiers, themselves ...

In the 1960s, it seemed to Granin that the advances in science, and above all in physics, would transform the world and the destinies of mankind. Physicists seemed to him the main characters of that time. By the 70s, that period was over, and as a sign of farewell, the writer created the story "The Namesake", where he somehow tried to comprehend his new attitude to his former hobbies. This is not a disappointment. This is the release of excessive hopes.

Survived Granin and another hobby - travel. Together with K. G. Paustovsky, L. N. Rakhmanov, Rasul Gamzatov, Sergey Orlov, they went in 1956 on a cruise around Europe on the ship "Russia". For each of them it was the first trip abroad. Yes, not to one country, but to six at once - it was the discovery of Europe. Since then, Granin began to travel a lot, traveled far, across the oceans - to Australia, Cuba, Japan, the USA. For him it was a thirst to see, to understand, to compare. He happened to go down the Mississippi on a barge, wander through the Australian bush, live with a village doctor in Louisiana, sit in English pubs, live on the island of Curaçao, visit many museums, galleries, temples, visit different families - Spanish, Swedish, Italian. The writer managed to write about something in his travel notes.

Gradually, life focused on literary work. Novels, stories, scripts, reviews, essays. The writer tried to master different genres, up to science fiction.

They say that the writer's biography is his books. Among those written by D. A. Granin are the novels: "The Blockade Book" (co-authored with A. Adamovich), "Bison", "This Strange Life". The writer managed to say something about the Leningrad blockade that no one had said, to tell about two great Russian scientists, whose fate was hushed up. Among other works - the novels "Seeker", "I'm going to a thunderstorm", "After the wedding", "Painting", "Escape to Russia", "Namesame", as well as journalistic works, scripts, travel notes.

D. A. Granin - Hero of Socialist Labor, laureate of the State Prize, holder of two Orders of Lenin, Orders of the Red Banner, Red Banner of Labor, Red Star, two Orders of the Patriotic War II degree, Order "For Merit to the Fatherland" III degree. He is a laureate of the Heinrich Heine Prize (Germany), a member of the German Academy of Arts, an honorary doctor of the St. Petersburg University for the Humanities, a member of the Academy of Informatics, a member of the Presidential Council, and President of the Menshikov Foundation.

D. Granin created the first Relief Society in the country and contributed to the development of this movement in the country. He was repeatedly elected to the board of the Union of Writers of Leningrad, then Russia, he was a deputy of the Leningrad City Council, a member of the regional committee, in the time of Gorbachev - a people's deputy. The writer saw with his own eyes that political activity was not for him. All that's left is disappointment.

He is fond of sports and travel.

Lives and works in St. Petersburg.

Daniil Granin, a well-known Soviet and Russian writer, screenwriter and public figure, died in the intensive care unit of a clinic in St. Petersburg at the age of 99.

For the past few days, Granin has been in the intensive care unit of one of St. Petersburg's hospitals and has been connected to a ventilator.

In early June 2017, Granin received an award from President Putin for "outstanding achievements in the field of humanitarian work."

Daniil Granin - Member of the Great Patriotic War. Hero of Socialist Labor (1989). Laureate of the State Prize of the USSR (1976), the State Prize of the Russian Federation (2001, 2016) and the Prize of the President of the Russian Federation (1998). Honorary citizen of St. Petersburg (2005).

His novels "Searchers", "I'm Going into a Thunderstorm", "Bison", "This Strange Life", "Fear", "My Lieutenant" and others have become reference books for several generations of readers.

Daniil Alexandrovich Granin (real name - Herman) was born on January 1, 1919 in the village of Volyn, Kursk province, in the family of forester Alexander Danilovich German and Anna Bakirovna.

In 1940 he graduated from the Electromechanical Faculty of the Leningrad Polytechnic Institute, worked as an engineer at the Kirov Plant. At the Kirov Plant, Granin was deputy secretary of the Komsomol committee. From there, with the rank of senior political officer, he went to the front as part of a division of the people's militia, fought at the Luga line, then at the Pulkovo Heights, at the front in 1942 he joined the CPSU (b). He served as commissar of the 2nd separate repair and restoration battalion.

Then he was seconded to the Ulyanovsk Tank School, fought in the tank troops, the last position at the front was the commander of a company of heavy tanks.

The award list says that Granin participated in the battles near Pskov in 1941 and was wounded twice.

From 1945 to 1950 he worked at Lenenergo and the research institute. In the future - a professional writer. Secretary, since 1965 second secretary, in 1967-1971 first secretary of the Leningrad branch of the RSFSR SP.

He began to print in 1949. The main direction and theme of Granin's works - realism and poetry of scientific and technical creativity - Granin's technical education affects here, almost all of his works are devoted to scientific research, search, struggle between seekers, principled scientists and untalented people, careerists, bureaucrats.

As one of the leaders of the Leningrad Writers' Organization, he was personally responsible for the conviction at the 1964 trial.

Daniil Granin's first books were the novels Dispute Across the Ocean (1950), Yaroslav Dombrovsky (1951) and a collection of essays about the builders of the Kuibyshev hydroelectric power station New Friends (1952). The first novel "The Searchers", which brought fame to the writer, was published in 1955.

In his prose, Granin skillfully combined two genre structures: social fiction and documentary fiction, with a unifying cross-cutting theme: scientists, inventors in the modern world, their moral code and traditions of civic behavior. Granin consistently explored this topic in novels ("Searchers", 1954; "After the wedding", 1958; "I'm going into a thunderstorm", 1962), in stories and short stories ("Own Opinion", 1956; "Place for a Monument", 1969; "Someone must", 1970; "Unknown person", 1989), in documentary and artistic works, where, along with historical plots ("Reflections in front of a portrait that does not exist", 1968; "The Tale of a Scientist and an Emperor", 1971) an important place is occupied by biographical stories about the biologist Alexander Lyubishchev ("This Strange Life", 1974), about the physicist Igor Kurchatov ("Choice of Target", 1975), about the geneticist Nikolai Timofeev-Resovsky ("Zubr", 1987).

Another important topic for Granin is war. The most complete anti-war prose was presented in the collection "A trace is still noticeable" (1985) and "Blockade book" (1979, co-authored with Ales Adamovich), telling on documentary material about the heroic 900-day resistance of Leningrad to the enemy blockade.

The inclination towards documentary manifested itself in Granin's numerous essay-diary works, including the books Unexpected Morning (1962), Notes to the Guidebook (1967) dedicated to impressions from trips to Germany, England, Australia, Japan, France and other countries. , "Stone Garden" (1972), etc.

Granin owns essays on Pushkin ("Two Faces", 1968; "Sacred Gift", 1971; "Father and Daughter", 1982), Dostoevsky ("Thirteen Steps", 1966), Leo Tolstoy ("The Hero, whom he loved with all his might of his soul", 1978) and other Russian classics.

All the works of the writer of recent years were written in the genre of memoirs - "Fads of my memory" (2009), "It was not quite like that" (2010), the novels "My Lieutenant" (2011) and "Conspiracy" (2012).

In January 2013, Daniil Granin's Blockade Book was republished in a five-thousandth edition. It includes photographs from the collection of the State Museum of the History of St. Petersburg, photographs from Granin's personal archive in the Central State Archive of Literature and Art of St. Petersburg. The book also shows for the first time fragments of the layout of the Novy Mir magazine with censored chapters.

Granin's book "A Man Not From Here", released on the occasion of the writer's 95th birthday, combines an autobiography, memoirs, reflections on philosophical topics and interesting life stories.

The heroes of Granin's works have found their embodiment in the cinema. According to his scripts or with his participation, films were shot at Lenfilm: The Searchers (1957, directed by Mikhail Shapiro), After the Wedding (1963, directed by Mikhail Ershov), I'm Going into the Thunderstorm (1965, directed by Sergei Mikaelyan), "The First Visitor" (1966, directed by Leonid Kvinikhidze); at Mosfilm - Choice of Target (1976, director Igor Talankin). Television filmed "The namesake" (1978) and "Rain in a strange city" (1979).

Elected People's Deputy of the USSR (1989-1991). In 1993, he signed the Letter of Forty-Two to Yeltsin, which supported the dispersal of the Supreme Soviet and the use of force against deputies.

He was a member of the editorial board of the magazine "Roman-gazeta". He was the initiator of the creation of the Leningrad society "Mercy". President of the Society of Friends of the Russian National Library; Chairman of the Board of the International Charitable Foundation. D. S. Likhachev. Member of the World Club of Petersburgers.

At the age of 95, he spoke in the German Bundestag before the deputies and the chancellor about the blockade of Leningrad and the war.

On November 27, 2012, Daniil Granin was awarded the special prize of the national annual award "Big Book" with the wording "For Honor and Dignity". In addition, he became the main winner of the "Big Book" award for the novel "My Lieutenant", which tells about the Great Patriotic War.

A minor planet of the solar system No. 3120 is named after Granin.

Personal life of Daniil Granin:

Was married. Wife - Rimma Mayorova (died in 2004). The couple had a daughter, Marina, in 1945.

Bibliography of Daniil Granin:

1950 - "Victory of engineer Korsakov"
1950 - "Dispute across the ocean"
1951 - "Yaroslav Dombrovsky"
1952 - "New Friends"
1955 - The Searchers (novel)
1955 - "Own opinion" (story-parable)
1958 - "In our city" (photo essay)
1959 - "After the wedding" (novel)
1962 - "I'm going into a thunderstorm" (novel)
1962 - "An Unexpected Morning"
1962 - "The Island of the Young" (stories about Cuba)
1965 - "General of the Commune"
1966 - Upside Down Month
1967 - "Notes to the guide"
1967 - "Our battalion commander" (a story about the war)
1970 - “Someone must” (a story about scientists and their moral choice)
1970 - "An Unexpected Morning" (features)
1972 - "Rock Garden" (compilation)
1973 - "There were three hours left before the train"
1974 - "This strange life" (documentary biographical story about A. A. Lyubishchev)
1974 - "Beautiful Uta"
1974 - "Namesake" (story)
1975 - "Choice of Target" (novel)
1977 - Claudia Vilor (documentary prose)
1977 - "Rain in a strange city"
1978 - "Return Ticket" (novels)
1979 - "Tales"
1980 - "Picture" (novel)
1982 - "Place for the Monument"
1983 - "Two Wings" (publicism)
1984 - "Thirteen steps" (compilation)
1985 - “A trace is still visible”
1985 - River of Time
1986 - "Choice of Target"
1986 - "Leningrad catalog"
1987 - "Bison" (documentary biographical novel about N. V. Timofeev-Resovsky)
1987 - "Unexpected Morning"
1988 - "About sore"
1988 - "Mercy"
1988 - "Alien Diary"
1989 - "Fulcrum"
1989 - "Our battalion commander"
1990 - "Our dear Roman Avdeevich" (satire on Grigory Romanov)
1990 - "The Tale of One Scientist and One Emperor"
1991 - "Forbidden Chapter"
1995 - "Flight to Russia" (documentary about Joel Bahr and Alfred Sarant)
1995 - "Fear" (essay)
1995 - Broken Trail (story)
1997 - "Evenings with Peter the Great" (historical novel)
2004 - "Life can not be redone"
2007 - "Sacred Gift"
2009 - "Whims of my memory" (memories)
2009 - “It was not quite right” (reflections)
2009 - "My Lieutenant" (novel)
2010 - "Three Loves of Peter the Great"
2012 - "Conspiracy"
2013 - "Two faces"
2014 - "Man is not from here"

Screen adaptations (scripts) by Daniil Granin:

1956 - Seekers
1962 - After the wedding
1965 - I'm going into a thunderstorm
1965 - First visitor
1974 - Choice of target
1978 - namesake
1979 - Rain in a strange city
1985 - Painting
1985 - Someone has to ...
1987 - Defeat
2009 - Reading the Blockade Book
2011 - Peter the Great. Will