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National Unity Day – interesting facts. National Unity Day - interesting facts Events in Yaroslavl

Monument to Kuzma Minin and Dmitry Pozharsky - a bronze statue made by the famous Russian sculptor Ivan Petrovich Martos (1752 - 1835), installed on Red Square in front of St. Basil's Cathedral (Pokrovsky Cathedral). The monument is dedicated to the Russian patriots Prince Pozharsky and the Nizhny Novgorod zemstvo elder Minin, who in the Time of Troubles led the Second People's Militia in the fight against the Polish-Lithuanian invaders, which ended with the expulsion of the invaders from the Kremlin in 1612. This is the first memorial in Moscow erected in honor of national heroes.

The monument was planned to be erected in 1812, on the 200th anniversary of the heroic events, but the plans were disrupted by the invasion of Napoleonic troops. And only in February 1818, with funds collected throughout Russia, the monument was erected in front of the main entrance to the Upper Trading Rows (now the GUM building), facing the Kremlin.

On February 20 (March 4), 1818, the grand opening of the monument took place with the participation of Emperor Alexander I and his family and with a gathering of a huge number of people. A guard parade took place on Red Square.

This event was covered in all newspapers and magazines that existed at that time. During the celebratory opening of the monument, music thundered and guards troops marched in parade. Not only the roofs of the adjacent buildings, but even the Kremlin walls were dotted with people. The general enthusiasm and celebrations on the occasion of the opening of the monument are explained not only by the theme, which is in tune with the general patriotic mood, but also by the skill of the sculptor, who was able to express this mood in the images of his heroes.

"...The inscription to Citizen Minin, of course, is not satisfactory: for us he is either the tradesman Kosma Minin, nicknamed Sukhorukoy, or the Duma nobleman Kosma Minich Sukhorukoy, or, finally, Kuzma Minin, an elected person from the entire Moscow state, as he is named in the charter about the election of Mikhail Fedorovich Romanov. All this would not be bad to know, as well as the name and patronymic of Prince Pozharsky."
A. S. Pushkin

For Nizhny Novgorod, Ivan Martos created a monument-stella (1826).

The author of the monument, Ivan Petrovich Martos, explained the idea of ​​his creation this way: “The Greeks and Romans, as well as in the sciences and arts, and with the success of weapons, erected monuments to their husbands and, passing on their exploits to posterity in majestic images, thereby perpetuated their own glory . And our Fatherland erects many monuments to such rare men, such immortal heroes, whose love for the Fatherland would plunge Rome and Greece into amazement.”

A proposal to start collecting funds for the construction of the monument was made in 1803 by members of the Free Society of Lovers of Literature, Science and the Arts. Initially, the monument was supposed to be installed in Nizhny Novgorod, the city where the Second People's Militia was assembled.
Sculptor Ivan MARTOS immediately began work on the monument project. In 1807, he published an engraving from the first model of the monument, in which he introduced the national heroes Minin and Pozharsky to Russian society as liberators of the country from foreign yoke.
In 1808, residents of Nizhny Novgorod asked for the Highest permission to invite other compatriots to participate in the creation of the monument. The proposal was approved by Emperor Alexander I, who strongly supported the idea of ​​erecting a monument.
In November 1808, sculptor Ivan Martos won the competition for the best design of the monument. An Imperial decree was issued on subscription to fundraising throughout Russia. The names of the subscribers were printed and made public.
Due to the importance of the monument for Russian history, it was decided to install it in Moscow, and in Nizhny Novgorod to install a marble obelisk in honor of Minin and Prince Pozharsky. Interest in creating the monument was already great, but after World War II it increased even more. Russian citizens saw this sculpture as a symbol of victory.
Work on the creation of the monument began at the end of 1812 under the leadership of Ivan Martos. A small model of the monument was completed in mid-1812. In the same year, Martos began making a large model and at the beginning of 1813 the model was opened to the public. The work was highly appreciated by Empress Maria Feodorovna (February 4) and members of the Academy of Arts.

The plot of the monument: Nizhny Novgorod citizen zemstvo elder Minin points Prince Pozharsky to the Kremlin and calls on him to rise up to fight the Poles. The prince at that moment near Nizhny Novgorod was resting and being treated for wounds received in the Moscow battles during the First Militia. Kuzma Minin gives him an ancient sword, as a future military commander, and he himself undertakes to find and collect funds and soldiers.

On the front of the pedestal, a high relief depicts Novgorod citizens raising funds for the Second People's Militia.
On this bronze high relief the author also placed his image (the figure of a man sending his sons to the people's militia is on the far left). Martos’s son, Alexey, was a participant in the Patriotic War of 1812, fought in the army of Admiral Chichagov... another son, Nikita, on whom he pinned his hopes as a successor to his work, was killed during the war in France in 1813, where he was a pensioner Academy of Arts.


Ivan Petrovich Martos. Portrait by P.O. Russia

Ivan MARTOS is a great worker. He created (the list is not complete) - a bronze figure of John the Baptist on the portico of the Kazan Cathedral, monuments to royalty - Grand Duchess Alexandra Pavlovna, Empress Catherine the Great, Emperor Alexander I; a “cult monument for Odessa” was created to the Duke de Richelieu, monuments to Potemkin in Kherson and Lomonosov in Kholmogory...

It is certainly necessary to say something about Martos’s two outstanding co-authors.

Vasily Petrovich EKIMOV (1758-1837) – foundry master. As a boy of 12, he was captured in Turkey. He studied at the Academy of Arts “in the class of copper and chased craftsmanship.” His works are world famous: the fountain “Samson Tearing the Lion’s Jaw” in Peterhof, the bronze “Gates of Heaven” at the Kazan Cathedral, the statues of Kutuzov and Barclay de Tolly at the Kazan Cathedral and, of course, the monument to Minin and Pozharsky.

Casting was a delicate technological operation. Copper - 1100 poods (about 18 tons) - was boiled for 10 hours, pouring took place in one step for 9 minutes... The work was accompanied by dangers. During pouring, the mold broke and 60 pounds leaked out. The breakthrough was stopped... Ekimov’s student was P.K. Klodt, who years later cast a statue of St. Vladimir for Kyiv. The casting of such a colossal monument at once was carried out for the first time in European history.

And the second outstanding person is Samson Ksenofontovich SUKHANOV (1768-1840s) - a stonemason, “column master.” He made a pedestal from red granite. Sukhanov comes from farm laborers in the Arkhangelsk province. He brought into reality the masterpieces of great architects: the colonnade of the Kazan Cathedral, the interior decorations of the Kazan and St. Isaac's Cathedrals, the Spit of Vasilyevsky Island, the Rostral Columns and much more...
Sukhanov made the pedestal of the monument, consisting of three solid pieces of granite.
Initially it was planned to use Siberian marble. But due to the significant size of the monument, it was decided to use granite. Huge stones were delivered to St. Petersburg from the shores of Finland, which was part of the Russian Empire.



The face of Savior Not Made by Hands is depicted on the shield of Prince Pozharsky



On the back of the pedestal, a high relief depicts Prince Pozharsky driving the Poles out of Moscow. This is a military feat.


"Icon of the Kazan Most Holy Mother of God, Wonderworking, revealed in 1579."
This icon of the Mother of God appeared in the city of Kazan - hence its name - to the nine-year-old girl Matrona. The phenomenon was repeated three times, which the girl told about to the Kazan bishop, who, on the instructions of Matrona, found the icon in the ground and made a religious procession with it.

With the miraculous icon of the Kazan Mother of God, revealed in 1579, the Nizhny Novgorod zemstvo militia managed to take Kitay-Gorod by storm on November 4, 1612 and expel the Poles from Moscow. The icon became especially revered.
At the end of February 1613, the Zemsky Sobor, which included representatives of all classes of the country - the nobility, boyars, clergy, Cossacks, archers, black-growing peasants and delegates from many Russian cities - elected Mikhail ROMANOV (son of Metropolitan Philaret) as the new Tsar - the first Russian Tsar from ROMANOV dynasty. The Zemsky Sobor of 1613 became the final victory over the Troubles, the triumph of Orthodoxy and national unity.
The confidence that it was thanks to the icon of the Kazan Mother of God that the victory was won was so deep that Prince Pozharsky, with his own money, specially built the Kazan Cathedral on the edge of Red Square, where the icon was installed. Since then, the Kazan Icon began to be revered not only as the patroness of the House of Romanov, but by decree of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, who reigned in 1645-1676, a mandatory celebration was established on November 4 as the “Day of Gratitude to the Most Holy Theotokos for her help in liberating Russia from the Poles.” (celebrated until 1917).
This day was included in the church calendar as “Celebration of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God in memory of the deliverance of Moscow and Russia from the Poles in 1612.”



In 2005, a copy of the Moscow monument was installed in Nizhny Novgorod. Sculptor Zurab Tsereteli


Dmitry Pozharsky was buried in the family tomb in the Spaso-Evfimievsky Monastery in Suzdal. There, in 1974, a monument by sculptor N.A. Shcherbakov and architect I.A. Gunst was erected.


Monument to Kuzma Minin in Nizhny Novgorod


A monument to him was erected in Kuzma Minin’s hometown of Balakhna.



Memorial plaque installed in front of the monument to Kuzma Minin in Balakhna

The transportation of the monument by water from St. Petersburg, where it was cast, to Moscow via Nizhny Novgorod, which lasted four whole months, was also an extraordinary event. To reload the monument, a stop was made in Nizhny Novgorod for several days. On this occasion, in the magazine “Son of the Fatherland” they wrote: “No pen can depict how delighted both Nizhny Novgorod and the entire local region were with the appearance of such a famous monument on the local waters... Nizhny Novgorod citizens of both sexes and all ages from From morning to night they came to the courts to see this monument, famous in its subject matter, art and size.”

In the 30s of the XX century. The monument was moved to St. Basil's Cathedral because it interfered with demonstrations and parades on Red Square.

Since 2005, the feast of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God on November 4, the day of the liberation of the Kremlin in 1612, is officially celebrated in Russia as the Day of National Unity. The symbol of National Unity Day and the coming revival, of course, is the monument to Minin and Pozharsky.

National Unity Day is celebrated on November 4th. This holiday has its own interesting history, inextricably linked with the history of the entire country. There are many interesting facts associated with it that should replenish the erudite collection of every inquisitive person. Speaking about this date, it is worth remembering such names as Minin, Pozharsky. It was these people who led the Moscow militia, which liberated Moscow from the Poles.

Interesting facts related to this holiday will tell you a lot about the history of the country; they are definitely worth knowing.

When did you start celebrating National Unity Day?


The holiday became a national holiday in 2005, when a corresponding decree was issued. However, it was noted earlier. And decrees on its implementation were also issued on earlier dates - for example, in 1649, Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich issued a decree to celebrate the memorable date of 1612, October 22 according to the old style, as the day of the liberation of Moscow from the Polish princes. On this day it was supposed to pray to the Mother of God and worship the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God. The holiday was supposed to remain relevant for all cities. The holiday was celebrated on this day until the calendar was changed to the modern one that people still use today. When the new calendar was introduced, the date moved to November 4th. It is on this day that the holiday is celebrated to this day.

The history of the holiday - interesting facts

Minin and Pozharsky led the people's militia in 1611-1612, during an exceptionally difficult period for the country, when there was an open offensive by the Polish army and the country's intervention. It was not possible to give an organized rebuff to the enemy; it was necessary to centralize the liberation movements. Dmitry Mikhailovich Pozharsky and Kuzma Minin succeeded. They organized resistance to the enemy, gathering a second militia. The first collapsed due to infighting between the Cossacks and nobles. Pozharsky managed to take part in the first militia.

Minin turned out to be a person like Joan of Arc, because in his dreams he saw Sergius of Radonezh, who urged him to begin the liberation of Russian lands. The unifier of France also saw inspiring dreams, only with the Archangel Michael.

The militia that defeated the invaders was not of the people. In fact, it was mainly about mercenaries, since the soldiers were paid money. Kuzma Minin, being a town mayor in Novgorod, addressed the townspeople, indicating the need to raise money, and each family had to hand over a fifth of their fortune to the treasury. According to other sources, up to a third of material property was rented out. As a result, they managed to hire soldiers who received from 30 to 50 rubles a year.

The liberation of Rus' from the interventionists ended the period of the Time of Troubles, an extremely difficult era when robbery and confusion reigned. The events of this period led to the throne of the Romanovs, the last royal dynasty to rule Russia.

The militia took Moscow by storm, the enemies were driven out. The Poles who survived the battle were brought to trial, as were the representatives of the nobility who allowed them into the city. Many boyars were pardoned, Minin and Pozharsky advocated for the forgiveness of these people.

The first time the holiday was celebrated as a victory, then a tradition arose to celebrate it annually, supported by a royal decree.

Monuments and memorials in honor of National Unity Day


There is a monument in honor of Minin and Pozharsky in Moscow; it can be seen on Red Square. But he is not the only one. There is also a similar monument in Veliky Novgorod. His project was created by M.O. Mikeshin, the monument was built in 1862, when the millennium of Rus' was celebrated. This monument depicts not only Minin and Pozharsky, but also other people famous for their exploits.

The Moscow monument was opened in 1818; initially it was supposed to be installed in Nizhny Novgorod, but in the end it ended up in the capital, near St. Basil's Cathedral. An obelisk was erected in Novgorod. It is located near the Eternal Flame, not far from the Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin. The decision to install the monument in Moscow was made by Nicholas I, he liked this sculpture created by Martos so much.

Almost 200 years later, Nizhny Novgorod still received its sculpture as originally intended. On November 4, 2005, during the celebration of National Unity Day, a monument to Minin and Pozharsky was unveiled in this city, which was an exact but smaller copy of the Moscow one. It was created by Zurab Tsereteli. They erected this monument exactly in the place where Minin gave his speech, near the Church of John the Baptist.

Opera Minin and Pozharsky


In honor of the heroes’ feat, an opera was written, which was broadcast on the radio in 1938. But not everyone knows that Bulgakov himself took part in its creation. Minin's words were written by him, and it was not easy work. The work was repeatedly criticized by the party leadership and had to be redone several times. This did not prevent it from becoming popular and successfully competing with the opera about Susanin, which enjoyed enormous success in the same years. It is also worth noting that one of the songs in this opera, sounding on behalf of the people’s militia, was regularly performed during the difficult years of World War II. The call to fight for Moscow that sounded in it turned out to be very relevant.

In 2011, a new opera was written, Boris Sazonov, a composer from Nizhny Novgorod, worked on it. The audience highly appreciated the new work.

Are there any official sources?


It was possible to learn about the events of those days mainly from chronicles. Researchers would be happy to get acquainted with any personal documents of Minin and Pozharsky, but to date none have been found. We were able to find only the signatures of both heroes, which appear under some papers. Minin was mentioned in the papers from the moment the fundraising began. These people could not have been illiterate, so the documents probably simply did not survive. But it is possible that someday it will be possible to find the papers of these people.

Today, National Unity Day is a national holiday, celebrated annually on November 4th. This is a day off, it takes place with folk festivities, in which everyone can take part.

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November 4 The Day of Military Glory of Russia - Day of National Unity is celebrated in our country every year on November 4, starting in 2005. This holiday was established in honor of an important event in the history of Russia - the liberation of Moscow from Polish invaders in 1612, and is timed to coincide with the Day of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God.

M.I. Scotty. "Minin and Pozharsky." 1850.
USSR Commemorative Medal: 350 years since the People's Militia of Minin and Pozharsky.
Still from the film “Minin and Pozharsky”, 1938.
Monument to Minin and Pozharsky in Moscow.
Military icon “Blessing of the Venerable Irinarch, the Recluse of Boris and Gleb, of the Orthodox Russian Army, national heroes - leaders and saviors of the Fatherland - Kozma Minin and Dmitry Pozharsky in 1612.” 17th century
Nizhny Novgorod residents are collecting funds for the people's militia. Bas-relief (fragment of the pedestal of the monument to Minin and Pozharsky).

On December 16, 2004, the State Duma of the Russian Federation adopted simultaneously in three readings amendments to the Federal Law “On the Days of Military Glory (Victory Days of Russia).” One of the amendments was the introduction of a new holiday - National Unity Day - and the actual transfer of the state holiday from November 7 (Day of Accord and Reconciliation) to November 4.

The main reason for the transfer, according to many analysts, was the desire to completely remove associations with the anniversary of the October Socialist Revolution (November 7, 1917). Currently, November 7 is celebrated as the Day of Military Glory of Russia - the day of the military parade on Red Square in Moscow to commemorate the twenty-fourth anniversary of the Great October Socialist Revolution (1941).

The explanatory note to the draft law noted: “On November 4, 1612, soldiers of the people’s militia led by Kuzma Minin and Dmitry Pozharsky stormed Kitay-Gorod, liberating Moscow from Polish invaders and demonstrating an example of heroism and unity of the entire people, regardless of origin, religion and status in society."

Few people know that back in 1649, by decree of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, the day of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God (October 22, old style) was declared a public holiday. In addition, at the beginning of the 20th century, on May 8, according to the old style, Kuzma Minin was remembered, whom Peter I called “the savior of the Fatherland.”

Later, due to the revolution of 1917 and subsequent events, the tradition of celebrating the liberation of Moscow from the Polish-Lithuanian interventionists and the day of the death of Kuzma Minin was interrupted. Thus, we can say that National Unity Day is not a new holiday, but a return to an old tradition.

On this day, celebrations, concerts, performances and sporting events take place throughout the country. In various Russian cities, political parties and social movements organize rallies, marches and charity events. But the main events dedicated to National Unity Day take place in the heart of the holiday - Nizhny Novgorod, and on Red Square in Moscow.

On November 4 we celebrate National Unity Day. Perhaps everyone knows that it was on this day more than 400 years ago (more precisely, October 22, 1612 according to the Julian calendar) that militia fighters led by Kuzma Minin and Dmitry Pozharsky took Kitay-Gorod by storm. Just a few days later, the Polish invaders surrendered - the Russian people defended their independence. In honor of these events, a monument to Minin and Pozharsky, created by Ivan Martos, was erected in Moscow in 1818. But in Moscow there is only a happy ending to this story, and its beginning is in Nizhny Novgorod...

Autumn 1611. Wooden Church of the Nativity of John the Baptist. A sea of ​​people. In the center is Kuzma Minin. He calls on the people to stand up for the defense of the Motherland: “If we want to help the Moscow state, do not spare us our property, do not spare anything, sell households, pawn wives and children and beat them with their foreheads - who would stand up for the true Orthodox faith and be our boss” ( S.M. Solovyov “History of Russia from ancient times”, chapter 8, End of the interregnum).

Now in front of this temple, now made of stone instead of wood, stands the twin brother of the Moscow monument to Minin and Pozharsky. It was created by Zurab Tsereteli and established on November 4, 2005, at the same time that National Unity Day was recognized as a public holiday.

Monument to Minin and Pozharsky in Nizhny Novgorod flickr.com, IvanychKot

If you walk from the monument in front of the Church of the Nativity of John the Baptist along Minin Street, then in 10-15 minutes you will find yourself on Minin and Pozharsky Square. It occupies as much as 33 thousand square meters and stretches from St. George’s Tower to the Kladovaya Tower of the Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin. However, the Dmitrov Tower is considered the symbol of the square, since it previously served as the main defense point of Nizhny Novgorod.

There is another monument in the center of the square. On the pedestal is the leader of the second people's militia, Kuzma Minin. His gaze is directed into the distance. He himself raised one hand, as if calling people to stop, listen, think... Just like 400 years ago...

And in front of the “First House” (Minina St., 1) you can see a bust of Kuzma Minina by Nizhny Novgorod sculptor A.V. Kikin. It was installed in 1955.

But these are not all the attractions that can be found on the square. In 1940, a monument to Valery Chkalov by sculptor I. A. Mendelevich was erected here. Even the frozen figure of the pilot looks very proud. His gaze is directed, of course, to the sky. And behind him is an endless staircase...

This is the Chkalov Stairs leading to the Volga embankment. It is shaped like a figure eight or an infinity sign. People who are moving to a new stage of life always come here: graduates say goodbye to school, newlyweds celebrate starting a family...

Also located on the square is the Palace of Labor, the Exhibition Complex, the A. S. Pushkin Museum, the Pantry Tower Museum, the museum in the Dmitrov Tower, the Art Museum in the Kremlin, the first and second buildings of the Pedagogical University (within the walls of which in the 19th century there was the Provincial Men's Gymnasium ), as well as many restaurants and cafes.

General view of Minin and Pozharsky squares. Dmitriovskaya Tower of the Kremlin flickr.com, Alexey Trefilov

The history of the square is no less rich. Initially, it was called Verkhne Posad and Verkhnebazarnaya, since it was here that overland trade routes led, trade was carried out here, and the center of Verkhne Posad (the upper part of the city) was located here. In 1697, the Annunciation Cathedral was erected, and the square was renamed Blagoveshchenskaya. Since 1743, part of the territory from the descent to the Volga to the Theological Seminary began to be called Seminarskaya. Blagoveshchenskaya Square had the shape of a semicircle, and Seminarskaya Square had the shape of a trapezoid. In 1917 they were united, and the new square was named Sovetskaya. It was after the unification that the area acquired its current bucket shape. It received its modern name only in 1943, when the first monument to Kuzma Minin by sculptor A. Kolobov was erected (in 1989 it was transported to Balakhna, to Kuzma Minin’s hometown).

Today, Minin and Pozharsky Square is not only a historical and tourist center, but also the main square of modern Nizhny Novgorod. The main city events, holidays and concerts take place here.

Night view of Minin and Pozharsky square flickr.com, Alexey Trefilov

On the screensaver is a fragment of the photo “Monument to Valery Chkalov”

National Unity Day November 4th Symbolism of the holiday: a monument to Minin and Pozharsky and the concept - COMMON CAUSE. Are we capable of a common cause today? Symbolism of the holiday: a monument to Minin and Pozharsky and the concept - COMMON CAUSE. Are we capable of a common cause today?


On this day, October 22 (November 4, new style) 1612, Russia was saved. Volunteerism and self-sacrifice are what characterize this day. Russia was saved by people who, regardless of class, stood under one banner. For the first time, a people's militia appeared, which was led by representatives of different classes, cultural and social strata, level of education, way of thinking. Russia was saved by people who, despite their class affiliation, stood under one banner. For the first time, a people's militia emerged, led by representatives of different classes, cultural and social strata, level of education, way of thinking PRINCE DMITRY POZHARSKY and MERCHANT KUZMA MININ. PRINCE DMITRY POZHARSKY and MERCHANT KUZMA MININ.









The main role in the militia was played by the townspeople. Minin and Pozharsky headed the “Council of the Whole Earth”. The main role in the militia was played by the townspeople. Minin and Pozharsky headed the “Council of the Whole Earth”. Funds for arming the militia were obtained thanks to voluntary donations from the population and mandatory taxation on a fifth of property. Yaroslavl became the center for the formation of the new militia. Funds for arming the militia were obtained thanks to voluntary donations from the population and mandatory taxation on a fifth of the property. Yaroslavl became the center of formation of the new militia


The militia turned out to be an amazing phenomenon; it appeared when it seemed that Russia was living out its last days, when it seemed that there was no such force that would be able to resist the invaders. The militia turned out to be an amazing phenomenon; it appeared when it seemed that Russia was living out its last days, when it seemed that there was no such force that would be able to resist the invaders. This was a demonstration of the will to independence, love for the Motherland, the ability to self-organize when there is no central government, the capital was surrendered to Russian collaborators, military units went over to the enemy’s side. On the throne are people alien to Russia. This was a demonstration of the will to independence, love for the Motherland, the ability to self-organize when there is no central government, the capital was surrendered to Russian collaborators, military units went over to the enemy’s side. On the throne are people alien to Russia.


On October 22, on the day of the discovery of the icon of the Kazan Mother of God, which accompanied the militia, China, the city, was taken. Four days later, the Polish garrison in the Kremlin surrendered. On October 22, on the day of the discovery of the icon of the Kazan Mother of God, which accompanied the militia, China, the city, was taken. Four days later, the Polish garrison in the Kremlin surrendered.



In memory of the liberation of Moscow from the interventionists, a temple in honor of the icon of Our Lady of Kazan was erected on Red Square at the expense of Prince Dmitry Pozharsky. In memory of the liberation of Moscow from the interventionists, a temple in honor of the icon of Our Lady of Kazan was erected on Red Square at the expense of Prince Dmitry Pozharsky.


Grateful Russia installed the first sculptural monument in Moscow to Minin and Pozharsky on Red Square (sculptor Martos, 1818) Grateful Russia installed the first sculptural monument in Moscow to Minin and Pozharsky on Red Square (sculptor Martos, 1818)


This will be repeated many times in Russian history. Ordinary Russian people, realizing that the country is threatened by a mortal enemy, selflessly stand up for its defense. This will be repeated many times in Russian history. Ordinary Russian people, realizing that the country is threatened by a mortal enemy, selflessly stand up for its defense. Example: The feat of the Kostroma peasant Ivan Susanin, who sacrificed his own life in the fight against the Polish interventionists, leading his enemies into a dense forest and into a swamp, is forever a symbol of loyalty to the Motherland (1613). According to legend, in this way he saved Mikhail Fedorovich Romanov, who was then living in Kostroma and was elected to the kingdom. An example of self-sacrifice. Example: The feat of the Kostroma peasant Ivan Susanin, who sacrificed his own life in the fight against the Polish interventionists, leading his enemies into a dense forest and into a swamp, is forever a symbol of loyalty to the Motherland (1613). According to legend, in this way he saved Mikhail Fedorovich Romanov, who was then living in Kostroma and was chosen for the kingdom. An example of self-sacrifice. People's militia - patriots of Smolensk, Borodino. Tarutino year. People's militia - patriots of Smolensk, Borodino. Tarutino. A massive partisan movement that made the French's stay in Russia unbearable. The militia that pursued the enemy, making it possible to preserve the main forces of the Russian army. A massive partisan movement that made the French's stay in Russia unbearable. The militia that pursued the enemy, making it possible to preserve the main forces of the Russian army.



People's militia of 1941 1941 again showed that the militia is an amazing, unique manifestation of the Russian soul, a fact of readiness to sacrifice for the sake of their Motherland. Volunteers won time to deploy a regular army. The year again showed that the militia is an amazing, unique manifestation of the Russian soul, a fact of readiness to sacrifice for the sake of their Motherland. Volunteers won time to deploy a regular army. THEY ALL are united by the thought: Who, if not us? They went to their death, knowing what they were dying for - for their Motherland! THEY ALL are united by the thought: Who, if not us? They went to their death, knowing what they were dying for - for their Motherland!



Remember: Without understanding, awareness, and cultivating a sense of sovereignty in each of us, our Fatherland will not be able to become a truly GREAT POWER. Without understanding, awareness, and cultivating a sense of sovereignty in each of us, our Fatherland will not be able to become a truly GREAT POWER. THE FUTURE OF THE COUNTRY IS YOURS. THE FUTURE OF THE COUNTRY IS YOURS.