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Characteristics of Saveliy the Holy Russian Bogatyr. Composition “Characterization of the image of Savely in the poem “Who lives well in Rus'. Savely's composition in the poem Who lives well in Rus'

Many destinies pass before the eyes of the wanderers of the poem by N.A. Nekrasov, who set off to look for the happy ones. The image and characterization of Saveliy in the poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'” are multifaceted and versatile. The bogatyr Savely the Holy Russian appears in reality. It is easy to describe, but difficult to understand.

Hero's appearance

The reader gets to know the character when he is already many years old. In total, Savely lived 107 years. It is difficult to imagine what he was like in his youth, but old age did not hide his heroic physique. The appearance of the old man is similar to the king of the northern forests - the bear:

  • a large gray mane (mop of hair) that has not been touched by scissors for more than 20 years;
  • big beard;
  • arched back.

Saveliy compared himself to a village well

... I look like an ochep.

Such a comparison is surprisingly true: a strong century-old building with crystal clear water.

character trait

Wanderers learn about Savely from the story of Matryona Korchagina. Savely is her husband's grandfather. In the image of a hero, several types of a simple Russian person were combined. The main feature is heroism. The Holy Russian hero has tremendous power, he protects the country, the people. But Savely is not a warrior:

"... his life is not military, and death is not written for him in battle ...".

Grandfather Savely is a true Christian. He rests on faith, prays for his fate and for the entire peasant country. The author does not make the character fabulous, he is real and terribly sinful. There are 2 human deaths on it: a German manager and a child. Grandfather is literate and sharp-tongued. This is an amazing feature of the Russian people. Proverbs, sayings, songs, prophecies saturate and decorate Savely's speech. A simple Holy Russian peasant is similar to the heroes of Ancient Rus' and to the saints who walk freely on the earth.

The fate of the hero

Savely lived a long life, it is clear that there were many events in it. He did not tell Matryona everything, but what he said was enough for the reader to accept him, and a strong woman fell in love. Grandfather lived in the village of Karezhin, where the landowners and administrators could not reach. The peasants sent rare dues and corvee. But the German outwitted the peasants. He turned the life of freedom-loving peasants into hard labor. The man did not last long. They buried Vogel alive. Savely pushed the manager to the pit, uttered one word:

"Nadday"

Comrades silently supported. This episode confirms the desire of the Russian people to get rid of slavery and speaks of respect for the old man. Savely survived the whip. 20 years of hard labor, the same amount of settlement. The man makes escapes and again falls under the beatings.

A peasant in hard labor managed to accumulate money. How can a person think about the future in such unbearable conditions? This is unknown to the author. He returned to his relatives, but they treated him well as long as there was money. The heart of the hero turned to stone from grief. It was only the attitude of little Demushka, the son of Matryona, that melted him. But here, too, fate played a cruel joke: the old man overslept the child,

"... fed to pigs ...".

From grief for his sin, Savely goes to the monastery for repentance. He asks God for forgiveness and begs for softening of the mother's heart. The old man's death was just as long as his life: he fell ill, did not eat, dwindled and became sick.

The character of the hero of the poem

Savely has a lot of positive things, which is why the author describes the character through the mouth of a woman. He was the only one from her husband's family who accepted her and took pity on her. The old man knows how to joke, humor and sarcasm help him not to notice the cruelty of his relatives. He grins like a rainbow, laughing not only at others, but also at himself. A good soul hides and is not open to everyone.

Strong male character. Many who were close to Savely could not stand the hardships. They gave up. Savely stood to the end, did not retreat, "endured". He tries to compare the whips: some "fighted" painfully, others badly. Savely could stand under the rods and not frown. The peasant's skin was hardened, it lasted for a hundred years.

Freedom. Grandfather does not want to be a slave:

"... branded, but not a slave!".

Pride. The old man does not tolerate humiliation and insults towards himself. He admires past generations.

Bravery. Savely went to the bear with a knife and a horn. When one day he stepped on a sleeping bear in the forest, he did not run away, but began to fight with her. The hero raises a mighty beast on a horn. There was a crunch in the man's back, but until old age he did not bend from pain.



A simple Russian peasant stands out among other heroes. He knows how to distinguish true kindness from lies and deceit. His character is strong. The grandfather does not argue over trifles, does not associate with stupid people, does not try to re-educate relatives. Hard labor for him takes on a broader meaning - this is his whole life.

Savely believes that all Russian men are heroes, they are patient and wise. The old man regrets that he lost his strength under the rods and sticks. The heroic prowess diverges in trifles, but it could change the whole of Rus', return liberty to the peasant, bring happiness.

The next chapter written by Nekrasov - "Peasant Woman"- also seems to be a clear deviation from the scheme outlined in the Prologue: the wanderers are again trying to find a happy one among the peasants. As in other chapters, the opening plays an important role. He, as in the "Last Child", becomes the antithesis of further narration, allows you to discover all the new contradictions of "mysterious Rus'". The chapter begins with a description of the ruined landowner's estate: after the reform, the owners abandoned the estate and the courtyards to the mercy of fate, and the courtyards ruin and break down a beautiful house, a once well-groomed garden and park. The funny and tragic sides of the life of the abandoned household are closely intertwined in the description. Yards are a special peasant type. Torn out of their familiar environment, they lose the skills of peasant life, and the main among them is the “noble habit of work”. Forgotten by the landowner and unable to feed themselves by labor, they live by plundering and selling the owner's belongings, heating the house, breaking arbors and chiselled balcony columns. But there are also genuinely dramatic moments in this description: for example, the story of a singer with a rare beautiful voice. The landlords took him out of Little Russia, they were going to send him to Italy, but they forgot, busy with their troubles.

Against the background of the tragicomic crowd of ragged and hungry courtyards, “whining domestics,” the “healthy, singing crowd of reapers and reapers,” returning from the field, seems even more “beautiful”. But even among these stately and beautiful people, Matrena Timofeevna, "famed" by the "governor" and "lucky". The story of her life, told by herself, is central to the story. Dedicating this chapter to a peasant woman, Nekrasov, I think, not only wanted to open the soul and heart of a Russian woman to the reader. The world of a woman is a family, and telling about herself, Matrena Timofeevna tells about those aspects of folk life that have so far been only indirectly touched upon in the poem. But it is they who determine the happiness and unhappiness of a woman: love, family, life.

Matrena Timofeevna does not recognize herself as happy, just as she does not recognize any of the women as happy. But she knew short-lived happiness in her life. The happiness of Matryona Timofeevna is a girl's will, parental love and care. Her girlish life was not carefree and easy: from childhood, from the age of seven, she performed peasant work:

I was lucky in the girls:
We had a good
Non-drinking family.
For father, for mother,
Like Christ in the bosom,
I lived, well done.<...>
And on the seventh for a burushka
I myself ran into the herd,
I wore my father for breakfast,
Grazed the ducklings.
Then mushrooms and berries,
Then: "Take a rake
Yes, hay!
So I got used to it...
And a good worker
And sing and dance the huntress
I was young.

“Happiness” she also calls the last days of a girl’s life, when her fate was decided, when she “bargained” with her future husband - argued with him, “bargained” her will in married life:

- You become, good fellow,
Straight against me<...>
Think, dare:
To live with me - do not repent,
And I don't cry with you...<...>
While we were trading
Must be what I think
Then there was happiness.
And hardly ever again!

Her married life is indeed full of tragic events: the death of a child, a cruel flogging, a punishment she voluntarily accepted in order to save her son, a threat to remain a soldier. At the same time, Nekrasov shows that the source of Matrena Timofeevna’s misfortunes is not only “strengthen”, the disenfranchised position of a serf woman, but also the disenfranchised position of the younger daughter-in-law in a large peasant family. The injustice that triumphs in large peasant families, the perception of a person primarily as a worker, the non-recognition of his desires, his "will" - all these problems are opened by the story-confession of Matryona Timofeevna. A loving wife and mother, she is doomed to an unhappy and powerless life: to please her husband's family and unfair reproaches of the elders in the family. That is why, even having freed herself from serfdom, having become free, she will grieve about the absence of a "volition", and hence happiness: "The keys to the happiness of a woman, / From our free will / Abandoned, lost / God Himself." And she speaks at the same time not only about herself, but about all women.

This disbelief in the possibility of a woman's happiness is shared by the author. It is no coincidence that Nekrasov excludes from the final text of the chapter the lines about how happily the difficult situation of Matryona Timofeevna in her husband's family changed after returning from the governor's wife: in the text there is no story either that she became a "big woman" in the house, or that she “conquered” the “grumpy, quarrelsome” family of her husband. Only lines remained that the husband's family, recognizing her participation in saving Philip from the soldiery, "bowed" to her and "obeyed" to her. But the chapter of the “Woman's Parable” ends, affirming the inevitability of bondage-misfortune for a woman even after the abolition of serfdom: “But to our female will / There are no and no keys!<...>/ Yes, they are unlikely to be found ... "

The researchers noted Nekrasov's idea: creating image of Matrena Timofeevna y, he aspired to the widest generalization: her fate becomes a symbol of the fate of every Russian woman. The author carefully, thoughtfully chooses the episodes of her life, “guiding” his heroine along the path that any Russian woman takes: a short carefree childhood, labor skills instilled from childhood, a girl’s will and a long powerless position of a married woman, a worker in the field and in the house. Matrena Timofeevna is going through all the possible dramatic and tragic situations that fall to the lot of a peasant woman: humiliation in her husband's family, beatings of her husband, death of a child, harassment by a manager, flogging and even - albeit not for long - the share of a soldier's wife. “The image of Matryona Timofeevna was created in this way,” writes N.N. Skatov, - that she seemed to have experienced everything and been in all the states that a Russian woman could be in. The folk songs and laments included in Matrena Timofeevna’s story, most often “replacing” her own words, her own story, further expand the narrative, allowing one to comprehend both the happiness and misfortune of one peasant woman as a story about the fate of a serf woman.

In general, the story of this woman depicts life according to God's laws, "divinely," as Nekrasov's heroes say:

<...>I endure and do not grumble!
All the power given by God
I believe in work
All in children love!

And the more terrible and unfair are the misfortunes and humiliations that have fallen to her lot. "<...>In me / There is no unbroken bone, / There is no unstretched vein, / There is no uncorrupted blood<...>"- this is not a complaint, but the true result of what Matryona Timofeevna experienced. The deep meaning of this life - love for children - is also affirmed by Nekrasov with the help of parallels from the natural world: the story of Dyomushka's death is preceded by a cry about a nightingale, whose chicks burned down on a tree lit by a thunderstorm. The chapter that tells about the punishment accepted in order to save another son - Philip from whipping, is called "The She-Wolf". And here the hungry she-wolf, ready to sacrifice her life for the cubs, appears as a parallel to the fate of a peasant woman who lay down under the rod to free her son from punishment.

The central place in the chapter "Peasant Woman" is occupied by the story of Savely, Holy Russian bogatyr. Why is Matryona Timofeevna entrusted with the story of the fate of the Russian peasant, the “hero of Holy Russia”, his life and death? It seems that this is largely because it is important for Nekrasov to show the “hero” Savely Korchagin not only in his opposition to Shalashnikov and the manager Vogel, but also in the family, in everyday life. “Grandfather” Savely, a pure and holy man, was needed by his large family as long as he had money: “As long as there was money, / They loved grandfather, groomed, / Now they spit in the eyes!” Savely's inner loneliness in the family enhances the drama of his fate and at the same time, like the fate of Matrena Timofeevna, gives the reader an opportunity to learn about the everyday life of the people.

But it is no less important that the “story within a story”, connecting two destinies, shows the relationship between two outstanding people, who for the author himself were the embodiment of an ideal folk type. It is the story of Matrena Timofeevna about Savely that makes it possible to emphasize what brought together different people in general: not only the disenfranchised position in the Korchagin family, but also the commonality of characters. Matrena Timofeevna, whose whole life is filled only with love, and Savely Korchagin, whom hard life has made “stone”, “fierce than the beast”, are similar in the main thing: their “angry heart”, their understanding of happiness as “will”, as spiritual independence.

Matrena Timofeevna does not accidentally consider Savely lucky. Her words about “grandfather”: “He was also lucky ...” is not a bitter irony, because in Savely’s life, full of suffering and trials, there was something that Matryona Timofeevna herself values ​​\u200b\u200bhighest of all - moral dignity, spiritual freedom. Being a "slave" of the landowner according to the law, Savely did not know spiritual slavery.

Savely, according to Matryona Timofeevna, called his youth "prosperity", although he experienced many insults, humiliations, and punishments. Why does he consider the past "good times"? Yes, because, fenced off by “swampy swamps” and “dense forests” from their landowner Shalashnikov, the inhabitants of Korezhina felt free:

We were only concerned
Bears ... yes with bears
We got along easily.
With a knife and with a horn
I myself am scarier than the elk,
Along the reserved paths
I go: "My forest!" - I scream.

"Prosperity" was not overshadowed by the annual flogging, which Shalashnikov arranged for his peasants, knocking out quitrents with rods. But the peasants - "proud people", having endured the flogging and pretending to be beggars, they knew how to save their money and, in turn, "amused" over the master, who was unable to take the money:

Weak people gave up
And the strong for the patrimony
They stood well.
I also endured
He hesitated, thinking:
"Whatever you do, son of a dog,
And you won't knock out your whole soul,
leave something"<...>
But we lived as merchants ...

The “happiness” that Savely speaks of is, of course, illusory, it is a year of free life without a landowner and the ability to “endure”, endure during the spanking and keep the money earned. But other "happiness" to the peasant could not be released. And yet, Koryozhina soon lost even such “happiness”: “penal servitude” began for the peasants when Vogel was appointed manager: “I ruined it to the bone! / And he fought ... like Shalashnikov himself! /<...>/ The German has a dead grip: / Until he lets him go around the world, / Without leaving, he sucks!

Savely glorifies non-patience as such. Not everything can and should be endured by the peasant. Saveliy clearly distinguishes the ability to "underbear" and "endure". To not endure means to succumb to pain, not to bear the pain, and to submit morally to the landowner. To endure means to lose dignity and to accept humiliation and injustice. Both that and another - does the person "slave".

But Savely Korchagin, like no one else, understands the whole tragedy of eternal patience. With him, an extremely important thought enters the narrative: about the wasted strength of the peasant hero. Savely not only glorifies the Russian heroism, but also mourns for this hero, humiliated and mutilated:

And so we endured
That we are rich.
In that Russian heroism.
Do you think, Matryonushka,
The man is not a hero?
And his life is not military,
And death is not written for him
In battle - a hero!

The peasantry in his reflections appears as a fabulous hero, chained and humiliated. This hero is more than heaven and earth. A truly cosmic image appears in his words:

Hands twisted with chains
Legs forged with iron
Back ... dense forests
Passed on it - broke.
And the chest? Elijah the prophet
On it rattles-rides
On a chariot of fire...
The hero suffers everything!

The hero holds the sky, but this work costs him great torment: “For the time being, a terrible thrust / He lifted something, / Yes, he himself went into the ground up to his chest / With an effort! On his face / Not tears - blood flows! But is there any point in this great patience? It is no coincidence that Savely is disturbed by the thought of a life gone in vain, a gift of wasted strength: “I was lying on the stove; / Lie down, thinking: / Where are you, strength, gone? / What were you good for? / - Under rods, under sticks / She left for trifles! And these bitter words are not only the result of one's own life: they are sorrow for the ruined people's strength.

But the author's task is not only to show the tragedy of the Russian hero, whose strength and pride "went away over trifles." It is no coincidence that at the end of the story about Savely, the name of Susanin appears - a hero-peasant: the monument to Susanin in the center of Kostroma reminded Matryona Timofeevna of "grandfather". Saveliy's ability to maintain freedom of spirit, spiritual independence even in slavery, not to submit to the soul - this is also heroism. It is important to emphasize this feature of the comparison. As N.N. Skatov, the monument to Susanin in the story of Matryona Timofeevna does not look like a real one. “A real monument created by the sculptor V.M. Demut-Malinovsky, the researcher writes, turned out to be more of a monument to the tsar than to Ivan Susanin, who was depicted kneeling near a column with a bust of the tsar. Nekrasov not only kept silent about the fact that the peasant was on his knees. In comparison with the rebel Savely, the image of the Kostroma peasant Susanin received for the first time in Russian art a peculiar, essentially anti-monarchist interpretation. At the same time, the comparison with Ivan Susanin, the hero of Russian history, put the final touch on the monumental figure of the Korezh bogatyr, Holy Russian peasant Savely.

Essay on literature. Saveliy - Holy Russian hero

One of the main characters of Nekrasov's poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'” - Savely - the reader will recognize when he is already an old man who has lived a long and difficult life. The poet draws a colorful portrait of this amazing old man:

With a huge gray mane,

Tea, twenty years uncut,

With a big beard

Grandpa looked like a bear

Especially, as from the forest,

Bending down, he left.

Savely's life turned out to be very difficult, fate did not spoil him. In his old age, Savely lived in the family of his son, father-in-law Matryona Timofeevna. It is noteworthy that grandfather Saveliy does not like his family. Obviously, all household members do not have the best qualities, and an honest and sincere old man feels this very well. In his native family, Saveliy is called “branded, convict”. And he himself, not at all offended by this, says: “Branded, but not a slave.

It is interesting to observe how Saveliy is not averse to playing a trick on his family members:

And they will annoy him hard -

He will joke: “Look

Matchmakers to us!” Unmarried

Cinderella - to the window:

but instead of matchmakers - beggars!

From a tin button

Grandfather fashioned two kopecks,

Threw up on the floor -

Father-in-law got caught!

Not drunk from drinking -

The beaten one dragged on!

What does this relationship between the old man and his family indicate? First of all, it is striking that Saveliy is different both from his son and from all relatives. His son does not possess any exceptional qualities, does not shun drunkenness, is almost completely devoid of kindness and nobility. And Savely, on the contrary, is kind, smart, outstanding. He eschews his household, apparently, he is disgusted by pettiness, envy, malice, characteristic of his relatives. Old man Savely is the only one in her husband's family who was kind to Matryona. The old man does not hide all the hardships that have fallen to his lot:

“Oh, the share of Holy Russian

Homemade hero!

He's been bullied all his life.

Time will reflect

About death - hellish torments

In the other world they are waiting.”

Old man Savely is very freedom-loving. It combines qualities such as physical and mental strength. Savely is a real Russian hero who does not recognize any pressure on himself. In his youth, Savely had remarkable strength, no one could compete with him. In addition, life used to be different, the peasants were not burdened with the hardest duty to pay dues and work off corvée. Savely says:

We did not rule corvee,

We didn't pay dues

And so, when it comes to judgment,

We will send once in three years.

In such circumstances, the character of the young Savely was tempered. Nobody pressured her, nobody made her feel like a slave. In addition, nature itself was on the side of the peasants:

Dense forests all around,

Swamps all around,

Not a horse ride to us,

Not a foot pass!

Nature itself protected the peasants from the invasion of the master, the police and other troublemakers. Therefore, the peasants could live and work in peace, not feeling someone else's power over them.

When reading these lines, fairy-tale motifs are recalled, because in fairy tales and legends people were absolutely free, they controlled their own lives.

The old man tells how the peasants dealt with the bears:

We were only concerned

Bears ... yes with bears

We got along easily.

With a knife and with a horn

I myself am scarier than the elk,

Along the reserved paths

I go: “My forest!” - I scream.

Saveliy, like a real fairy tale hero, claims his rights to the forest surrounding him. It is the forest - with its untrodden paths, mighty trees - that is the real element of the hero Savely. In the forest, the hero is not afraid of anything, he is the real master of the silent kingdom around him. That is why in old age he leaves his family and goes into the forest.

The unity of the bogatyr Savely and the nature around him seems undeniable. Nature helps Savely to become stronger. Even in old age, when years and hardships have bent the old man's back, you still feel remarkable strength in him.

Savely tells how, in his youth, his fellow villagers managed to deceive the master, to hide the wealth from him. And although we had to endure a lot for this, no one could reproach people for cowardice and lack of will. The peasants were able to convince the landowners of their absolute poverty, so they managed to avoid complete ruin and enslavement.

Savely is a very proud person. This is felt in everything: in his attitude to life, in his steadfastness and courage with which he defends his own. When he talks about his youth, he recalls how only weak-minded people surrendered to the master. Of course, he himself was not one of those people:

Excellently fought Shalashnikov,

And not so hot great Incomes received:

Weak people gave up

And the strong for the patrimony

They stood well.

I also endured

He hesitated, thinking:

“Whatever you do, dog son,

And you won't knock out your whole soul,

Leave something!”

Old man Savely bitterly says that now there is practically no self-respect left in people. Now cowardice, animal fear for oneself and one's well-being and lack of desire to fight prevail:

Those were the proud people!

And now give a crack -

Corrector, landowner

Drag the last penny!

Savely's young years passed in an atmosphere of freedom. But peasant freedom did not last long. The master died, and his heir sent a German, who at first behaved quietly and imperceptibly. The German gradually became friends with the entire local population, little by little he observed peasant life.

Gradually, he got into the confidence of the peasants and ordered them to drain the swamp, then cut down the forest. In a word, the peasants came to their senses only when a magnificent road appeared along which it was easy to get to their godforsaken place.

And then came the hardship

Korean peasant -

thread ravaged

The free life was over, now the peasants fully felt all the hardships of a servile existence. Old man Saveliy speaks of people's long-suffering, explaining it by the courage and spiritual strength of people. Only truly strong and courageous people can be so patient as to endure such mockery of themselves, and so generous as not to forgive such an attitude towards themselves.

And so we endured

That we are rich.

In that Russian heroism.

Do you think, Matryonushka,

The man is not a hero?

And his life is not military,

And death is not written for him

In battle - a hero!

Nekrasov finds amazing comparisons, speaking of people's long-suffering and courage. He uses the folk epos, speaking of heroes:

Hands twisted with chains

Legs forged with iron

Back ... dense forests

Passed on it - broke.

And the chest? Elijah the prophet

On it rattles-rides

On a chariot of fire...

The hero suffers everything!

Old man Savely tells how for eighteen years the peasants endured the arbitrariness of the German manager. Their whole life was now in the power of this cruel man. People had to work tirelessly. And every time the manager was dissatisfied with the results of the work, he demanded more. Constant bullying by the Germans causes the strongest indignation in the soul of the peasants. And once another portion of bullying made people commit a crime. They kill the German manager. When reading these lines, the thought of higher justice comes to mind. The peasants have already managed to feel absolutely powerless and weak-willed. Everything they held dear was taken from them. But after all, a person cannot be mocked with complete impunity. Sooner or later you will have to pay for your actions.

But, of course, the murder of the manager did not go unpunished:

Buoy-city, There I learned to read and write,

Until they decided us.

The solution came out: hard labor

And weave in advance ...

The life of Savely, the Holy Russian hero, after hard labor was very difficult. He spent twenty years in captivity, only closer to old age he was free. Savely's whole life is very tragic, and in old age he turns out to be the unwitting culprit in the death of his little grandson. This case once again proves that, despite all his strength, Savely cannot withstand hostile circumstances. He is just a plaything in the hands of fate.


Savely, Holy Russian bogatyr in the poem "Who in Rus' should live well"

Laid out material: Finished Essays

Nekrasov found an original way to show the struggle of the peasants against the feudal lords at a new stage. He settles the peasants in a remote village, separated from the cities and villages by "dense forests", impassable swamps. In Korezhin, the oppression of the landowners was not clearly felt. Then he expressed himself only in the extortion of quitrent by Shalashnikov. When the German Vogel managed to deceive the peasants and pave the way with their help, all forms of serfdom appeared immediately and in full measure. Thanks to such a plot find, the author manages, using the example of only two generations, to reveal in a concentrated form the attitude of the peasants and their best representatives to the horrors of serfdom. This technique was found by the writer in the process of studying reality. Nekrasov knew the Kostroma region well. The poet's contemporaries noted the hopeless wilderness of this region.

The transfer of the scene of action of the main characters of the third part (and perhaps the entire poem) - Savely and Matrena Timofeevna - to the remote village of Klin, Korezhinskaya volost, Kostroma province, had not only psychological, but also huge political meaning. When Matryona Timofeevna came to the city of Kostroma, she saw: “There is a forged copper, exactly like Savely grandfather, a peasant of the square. - Whose monument? - "Susanina". The comparison of Savely with Susanin is of particular importance.

As established by the researcher A.F. Tarasov, Ivan Susanin was born in the same places ... He died, according to legend, forty kilometers from Bui, in the swamps near the village of Yusupov, where he brought the Polish invaders.

The patriotic act of Ivan Susanin was used ... to elevate the "house of the Romanovs", to prove the support of this "house" by the people... At the request of official circles, M. Glinka's wonderful opera "Ivan Susanin" was renamed "Life for the Tsar". In 1351, a monument to Susanin was erected in Kostroma, on which he is shown kneeling in front of the bust of Mikhail Romanov, towering on a six-meter column.

Having settled his rebellious hero Saveliy in the Kostroma "korezhina", in the homeland of Susanin ... the original patrimony of the Romanovs, identifying ... Savely with Susanin, Nekrasov showed who the Kostroma "korezhnaya" Rus' would actually give birth to, what Ivan Susanins really are, what is the Russian peasantry in general, ready to the decisive battle for liberation.

A.F. Tarasov draws attention to this fact. On the Kostroma monument, Susanin stands before the tsar in an uncomfortable position - kneeling. Nekrasov “straightened” his hero - “there is a forged copper ... man in the square”, but he doesn’t even remember the figure of the king. This is how the political position of the writer manifested itself in the creation of the image of Savely.

Saveliy - Holy Russian hero. Nekrasov reveals the heroism of nature at three stages of character development. At first, grandfather is among the peasants - Korezhi (Vetluzhintsy), whose heroism is expressed in overcoming the difficulties associated with wildlife. Then the grandfather steadfastly endures the monstrous flogging to which the landowner Shalashnikov subjected the peasants, demanding dues. Talking about spankings, grandfather was most proud of the stamina of the peasants. They beat me hard, they beat me for a long time. And although the peasants "tongues got in the way, their brains were already shaking, they were tearing up in their heads," they nevertheless took home quite a few, "not knocked out" money by the landowner. Heroism - in stamina, and endurance, in resistance. "Hands are twisted with chains, legs are forged with iron ... the hero endures everything."

Children of nature, workers hardened in battle with harsh nature and freedom-loving natures - this is the source of their heroism. Not blind obedience, but conscious stability, not slavish patience, but persistent defense of one's interests. It is understandable why he indignantly condemns those who "... give a slap to the police officer, the landowner is dragged with the last penny!"

Savely was the instigator of the murder of the German Vogel by the peasants. Deep in the recesses of the old man's freedom-loving nature lay hatred for the enslaver. He did not set himself up, did not inflate his consciousness with theoretical judgments, did not expect a “push” from anyone. Everything happened by itself, at the behest of the heart.

"Give it up!" - I dropped the word

Under the word Russian people

They work friendly.

“Give it! Give!”

They gave it so much

That the hole didn't exist.

As you can see, the peasants not only “have axes for the time being!”, but they had an unquenchable fire of hatred. Coherence of actions is acquired, leaders are distinguished, words are established with which they “work” more amicably.

The image of the Holy Russian hero has one more charm-Ebo trait. The noble goal of the struggle and the dream of the bright joy of human happiness removed the rudeness of this "savage", protected his heart from bitterness. The old man called the boy Demu a hero. This means that the childish spontaneity, tenderness, sincerity of a smile are introduced by him into the concept of "hero". The grandfather saw in the child a source of special love for life. He stopped shooting squirrels, began to love every flower, hurried home to laugh, to play with Demushka. That is why Matrena Timofeevna not only saw in the image of Savely a patriot, a fighter (Susanin), but also a hearty sage, able to understand much better than statesmen can. A clear, deep, truthful thought of the grandfather was clothed in "okay" speech. Matrena Timofeevna does not find an example for comparison with how Savely can speak (“If the merchants of Moscow, the nobles of the sovereign, happen, the tsar himself happens: you shouldn’t speak more smoothly!”).

The conditions of life ruthlessly tested the heroic heart of the old man. Exhausted in the struggle, exhausted by suffering, the grandfather “overlooked” the boy: the pigs killed their favorite Demushka. The heart wound was aggravated by the cruel accusation of "unrighteous judges" of the grandfather's cohabitation with Matryona Timofeevna and of deliberate murder. Grandfather painfully endured irreparable grief, then “he lay hopeless for six days, then he went into the forests, grandfather sang so much, grandfather cried so much that the forest groaned! And in the fall he went to repentance in the Sand Monastery.

Did the rebel find solace behind the walls of the monastery? No, after three years he again came to the sufferers, to the world. Dying, one hundred and seven years old, grandfather does not give up the fight. Nekrasov carefully removes words and phrases from the manuscript that are not in harmony with the rebellious appearance of Savely. The Holy Russian hero is not devoid of religious ideas. He prays at the grave of Demushka, he advises Matryona Timofeev: “There is nothing to argue with God. Become! Pray for Demushka! God knows what he's doing." But he prays "... for the poor Demu, for all the suffering Russian peasantry."

Nekrasov creates an image of great generalizing significance. The scale of thought, the breadth of Savely's interests - for all the suffering Russian peasantry - make this image majestic, symbolic. This is a representative, an example of a certain social environment. It reflects the heroic, revolutionary essence of the peasant character.

In the draft manuscript, Nekrasov first wrote, and then crossed out: “I pray here, Matryoushka, I pray for the poor, the loving, for all the Russian priesthood and I pray for the tsar.” Of course, tsarist sympathies, faith in the Russian priesthood, characteristic of the patriarchal peasantry, manifested themselves in this man along with hatred for the enslavers, that is, for the same tsar, for his support - the landowners, for his spiritual servants - the priests. It is no coincidence that Savely, in the spirit of a popular proverb, expressed his critical attitude with the words: "High is God, far is the king." And at the same time, the dying Savely leaves a farewell testament embodying the contradictory wisdom of the patriarchal peasantry. One part of his will breathes hatred, and he, says Matryona Timofeev-pa, confused us: “Do not plow, not this peasant! Hunched behind the yarn behind the canvases, peasant woman, do not sit! It is clear that such hatred is the result of the activities of a fighter and avenger, whose whole heroic life gave him the right to say words worthy of being carved on the “marble plaque at the entrance to hell”, created by Russian tsarism: “There are three paths for men: a tavern, a jail, and penal servitude, and women in Rus' have three loops.

But on the other hand, the same sage recommended dying, and recommended not only to his beloved granddaughter Matryona, but also to everyone: to his comrades-in-arms in the struggle: “Do not fight, stupid, what is written in the family, that cannot be avoided!” In Savelia, however, the pathos of struggle and hatred is stronger, and not the feeling of humility and reconciliation.

The unhappy fate of the Russian peasant is described in Nekrasov's poem "Who Lives Well in Rus'". Savely - the Holy Russian hero - is not the main character of the work. He is assigned a difficult role - to show how strong a Russian person can be, a strong body, spirit and faith.

portrait characteristic

Savely is an ordinary serf. He belonged to the master, like most peasants in Rus'. In the poem, Matryona Korchagina, known among the people as happy, tells about the old man. Saveliy is the "parent of the father-in-law", the head of the family, into which the woman fell after marriage. The characterization of Saveliy the Holy Russian hero is based on a description of his powerful physique. Appearance makes the old man look like Russian fairy tale characters:

  • a huge gray mane;
  • big beard;
  • high growth;
  • strong figure.

The mane has not been cut for over 20 years. Age bent his back, made grandfather look like a bear. Saveliy himself compares himself with a village well - "ochep".

The author suggests that not only the appearance is important in a person, but the internal state. There is clean water in the well - Saveliy has a bright soul. The grandfather cannot straighten his back, but he does not lose his sense of humor. When he smiles, the old man's face changes: a grin appears, "like a rainbow." Another comparison is the Koryo mosquito, bony and funny.

The fate of the hero of the poem

The old man with a heroic figure lived a difficult difficult fate. Saveliy's characterization "Who lives well in Rus'" is given by the stories of the character himself. He himself divides it into periods, but behind each phrase is a long, eventful life.

First there was Mr. Shalashnikov, then a German murderer, then a jail. Shalashnikov was a master of tearing men, he whipped them so that their backs became strong, they no longer felt the pain that whipping brought.

The German murderer got the men, they bury him alive in a pit. Savely ends up in prison and hard labor. The serf cannot come to terms with such a fate, he flees from hard labor, but he is returned. Strict hard labor lasted 20 years, then the same amount of settlement. The peasant's heart became more and more callous, hardened and closed from people. The share of the “homeless hero” is unenviable: they tear him up, beat him and humiliate him. The bitter fate of the plowman was the main theme of Savely's stories. He suffered for all Russian peasants, prayed in his soul, hoping for a better future for them. Ostrog taught the old man to read and write.

In hard labor, my grandfather began to understand many events in Russian life. He did not lose hope for freedom. Slavery is not a lot for the Russian peasant: “branded, but not a slave!

After the death of Matryona's son, he fell asleep and "fed" the child to the pigs, Savely leaves for the monastery. He asks God not only for forgiveness for the fate of Demushka, but also for forgiveness from his mother. Saveliy is a long-liver. He dies at 107 years old. Life and death were equally difficult. If life is described in whole chapters, but death in a few phrases: “I haven’t eaten for a hundred days, I’ve grown sick and dry ...” “... and died by night ...”

Character character

Savely met Matryona kindly, he was the only one who could talk, console and support the poor girl who found herself in a strange family. The old man himself was nice to his relatives only for the first time, when he came from hard labor with money. Then he became superfluous, went into a separate room, "svetelochka", and read books or calendars there. Clever Saveliy saw the attitude towards himself and understood what his relatives wanted. He laughed at them, joked and endured, realizing that this was his family.

Savely has a special courage. He alone went to the bear with a horn and a knife. Once a peasant stepped on a sleepy bear. Saveliy was not afraid, but put the spear into the beast. Heroic strength was a man by nature. But what did she waste it on? Saveliy says that she left for trifles under rods and sticks. But what would become of the Russian people if they did not have this power? According to Saveliy, any peasant should be considered a hero. He endures, does not bend or break. The whole life of a serf peasant is a battle in which he tries to win.

Savely is not the main character of the poem. His fate is typical for serf Russia. It will become easier to write an essay “Characteristics of Savely, the Holy Russian hero” after studying the proposed reasoning.

Artwork test

(372 words) The heroes of N. Nekrasov's poem "Who Lives Well in Rus'" on their way met the "Holy Russian hero" Saveliy, whose image is of great importance in the work. He embodies the main qualities of the Russian people, which distinguish him from all others. On the one hand, these properties are the key to happiness, and on the other, the curse of the common man.

At the time of the poem, Saveliy is already a hundred-year-old man. He lived a turbulent life that led him, proud and brave, to humility and repentance. Being an ordinary peasant, he was completely subject to the German clerk. The master sent him to manage his lands. Vogel for 17 years of activity completely ruined the wards. Exhausting work and the black ingratitude of the boss prompted Saveliy and other peasants to crack down on the oppressor. In this situation, the phenomenal patience of the Russian people is manifested - they have endured a terrible attitude for almost two decades! But here another, dark side of the soul of a Russian person appears - the senselessness and ruthlessness of rebellion, which A. Pushkin spoke about. They buried the living clerk in the hole he ordered to be dug. Then the hero and his friends were sent to hard labor, which, for all its torment, did not break the spirit of these people. Savely does not put corporal punishment in a penny: “Bad rags there,” he complains. It is also known that he fled several times, and the punishment did not bother him either. This speaks of the courage, endurance and fortitude of a simple Russian peasant. His craving for freedom and inner independence amaze and make him admire him as a folk hero. But after hard labor, life in the settlement and all the dramatic events, he comes to the hardest test - the pangs of conscience. They were awakened by the death of his great-grandson. Savely didn't watch it, and Dema was eaten by pigs. Then the strong man and the thunderstorm of the settlement begins to hide before our eyes and constantly disappears at the boy's grave. He is aware of the guilt not only before Matryona, but also before the entire Christian world for the blood that stained his strong hands. The unshakable moral basis of his character makes itself felt when we see the extent of his repentance: he leaves the world for a monastery in order to completely surrender to sorrow and regret.

Saveliy's potential is enormous: he learned to read and write in prison, and had remarkable strength. But such a hero must be given the right direction, because they themselves cannot complete their rebellion to the end, they cannot carry it out honestly and without unnecessary cruelty. Therefore, the intercessor of the people is Grisha Dobrosklonov, who must incline the people to good, which follows from his last name.

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