Nekrasov "Who lives well in Rus'"). "People's Protector" Grisha Dobrosklonov (based on the poem by N. A. Nekrasov "Who Lives Well in Rus'") Composition by Grisha Dobrosklonov. Image and characteristics

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Many works have not lost their relevance in our time. This, perhaps, is happening because most of the problems and difficulties in human life can be taken out of the bounds of time and the development of mankind as a whole. It has always been difficult for people to find their place in society, some did not have enough money to get a proper education, some did not have enough money to look proper (society did not perceive a man in a shabby suit either in ancient times, or now). The problem of arranging life, providing food at all times occupied the minds of people, especially those of low income. How to get out of the vicious circle of such problems and is it possible to do it in an honest way? N.A. is trying to answer this question. Nekrasov in his unfinished poem “Who in Rus' should live well”.

Many images could serve as a clear example for the disclosure of this topic, but still the main body of information on this issue falls on the image of Grisha Dobrosklonov.

Name Meaning and Prototypes

In literature, the names of heroes are often symbolic. Their names and surnames in most cases are a brief description of a literary personality. If the question of assigning names to characters, in view of the detailing of their personal qualities, is controversial, then the question of the meaning of surnames is almost always decided in favor of symbolism. The authors of the past centuries took as a basis the names widespread in society, in particular, the described estate was taken into account. The name of the hero had to be close and familiar to readers. The names of the characters were invented by the authors themselves. It was from associations with the surname that the further development of the image consisted. It was based either on a game of contrasts or on enhancing the effect of personality traits.

The prototype of Grisha Dobrosklonov was the poet and publicist Nikolai Alekseevich Dobrolyubov. In society, he was known as a man of unique industriousness and talent - at the age of 13 he was already translating Horace, successfully writing literary critical articles. Dobrosklonov and Dobrolyubov are united by the tragedy of childhood - the death of their mother, which made an indelible impression on both the first and the second. Akin qualities also arise in their social position - the desire to make the world kinder and better.

As you can see, Nekrasov took the surname of a literary figure as a basis, modifying it, but at the same time, the fact of its symbolism cannot be denied. The character's surname also reflects his personality traits. It is based on the noun "good", which corresponds to the general characteristics of Grisha. He is a really kind person by nature, full of good aspirations and dreams. The second part of his surname is derived from the verb "to incline". That is,

Age, appearance and occupation of Grigory Dobrosklonov

The reader gets acquainted with the image of Grigory Dobrosklonov in the last parts of the poem - partly in "A Feast for the Whole World" and, in more detail, in the epilogue of the poem.

We do not know the exact age of the hero, the fact that at the time of the story he was studying at the seminary gives the right to assume that his age is about 15 years old, the author confirms the same guess, saying that the boy is “fifteen years old”.

Gregory's mother's name was Domna, she died early:

Domnushka
She was very caring
But also durability
God didn't give her.

His father's name is Tryphon, he was a deacon, in other words, he was at the bottom rung of the clergy's career ladder. The family's income has never been high - the mother tried her best to change this situation and give a proper education to her children - Grisha and Savva. The woman was often helped by fellow villagers to feed the children, so she

Unrequited laborer
For everyone who has something
Helped her on a rainy day.

Naturally, hard physical labor and poor living conditions had an extremely unfavorable effect on the woman's health, and she soon died. Grigory is grieving the loss of his mother - she was kind, good and caring, so at night the boy "worried about his mother" and quietly sang her song about salt.

Life after mother's death

After the death of Domna, the life of the family deteriorated significantly - "Poorer than the seedy / Last peasant / Lived Tryphon." There was never enough food in their house:

No cow, no horse
There was a dog Itchy,
There was a cat - and they left.

Grigory and Savva are often fed by fellow villagers. The brothers are very grateful to the peasants for this and try not to remain in debt - somehow help them:

Young people paid them.
To the best of my ability, work,
According to their deeds chores
Celebrated in the city.

Nekrasov gives a meager description of Grisha. He has a "wide bone", but he himself does not look like a hero - "his face is too thin." This is because he is always half-starved. While in the seminary, he woke up in the middle of the night from hunger and waited for breakfast. Their father also does not rule - he is as eternally hungry as his sons.

Gregory, like his brother, "are marked with God's seal" - the ability to science and the ability to lead the crowd, so "the deacon boasted of the children."

Studying at the seminary for Gregory is not joyful there, “it is dark, cold and hungry,” but the young man is not going to retreat, he plans to study at the university.

Over time, the image of the mother and the small homeland merged together, they soon decided on the desire to serve the common people, to make the life of ordinary men better:

Gregory already knew for sure
What will live for happiness
Wretched and dark
native corner.

Gregory does not dream of personal wealth or benefits. He wants all people to live in good and prosperity:

I don't need any silver
No gold, but God forbid
So that my countrymen
And every peasant
Lived freely and cheerfully
All over holy Rus'.

And the young man is ready to do everything possible to get closer to the fulfillment of his dream.

Dobrosklonov is optimistic, this is especially noticeable in the lyrics of his songs, where he tries to sing the love of life, outline a wonderful, cheerful future.

The fate of Gregory is typical - a joyless, hungry childhood, sad memories of studying at the seminary. What will happen next? This is quite predictable, the fate of such people is always the same:

Fate prepared for him
Glorious path, loud name
people's protector,
Consumption and Siberia.

Summarize. The image of Grigory Dobrosklonov is optimistic. The young man is full of wonderful aspirations - he is a future revolutionary, ready to sacrifice himself for the good of other people. Gregory is driven by the good intention to improve the lives of ordinary people, the same as himself, to provide them with a decent, not a beggarly life.

Before you is an essay based on Nekrasov's poem "Who in Rus' should live well." The work is devoted to the analysis of the image of Grisha Dobrosklonov.

People's Protector - Grisha Dobrosklonov

Created in the mid-1970s, the poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'” reflected the period of the democratic rise of Russia, which was on the verge of a revolution. A mass movement of the intelligentsia began among the people with the aim of revolutionary propaganda. All hopes were pinned on the "revolutionary" peasantry, but the peasant masses remained "deaf" to the preaching of the Narodniks, and their "going to the people" was not crowned with success. Disputes about the forms and methods of propaganda in the countryside, about the introduction of revolutionary consciousness into the masses, about how to direct them to the path of active struggle, now and then arose in the populist environment at that time. The author, in the form Grisha Dobrosklonova , is included in this dispute.

Nekrasov believed in the need for "live" propaganda among the peasants, in the unity of the intelligentsia and the people, in its effectiveness, even when "going to the people" failed. A fighter-agitator who went to the people, to the peasantry - is Grisha Dobrosklonov - the son of a deacon who lived " poorer than the last poor peasant ", And " laborers unrequited ”, salting bread with tears. A hungry childhood and a harsh youth brought him closer to the people, determined his life path.

... about fifteen

Gregory already knew for sure

What will live for happiness

Wretched and dark

native corner.

With character traits, Grisha resembles Dobrolyubov, even their names are consonant. Like Dobrolyubov, Dobrosklonov is a fighter for peasant interests, for all the offended and humiliated. He wants to be there, ... where it is difficult to breathe, where grief is heard ". He does not need wealth or personal well-being, he is ready to give his life for so that ... every peasant lives freely and cheerfully in all of holy Rus'! ».

Fate prepared for him

The path is glorious, the name is loud

people's protector,

Consumption and Siberia.

Gregory is not afraid of trials, he believes in the triumph of the cause to which he devoted his life, feeling how many millions of people are awakening to the struggle.

The army rises

innumerable,

The strength will affect her

Invincible!

The thought of this fills his soul with joy and confidence. The words of Gregory have a strong effect on the Vakhlak peasants and on the seven wanderers, they infect with faith in the future happiness for all of Rus'.

Grigory Dobrosklonov - the future leader of the peasantry, his path is hard, but also glorious, " only souls strong, loving "They enter it because the greatest happiness, according to Nekrasov, is in the struggle for the freedom of the oppressed. To the main question, which is the meaning of the poem: “Who is living well in Rus'?” - the author answers: fighters for the happiness of the people.

Would our wanderers be under their native roof,

If only they could know what happened to Grisha.

He heard immense strength in his chest,

Gracious sounds delighted his ears,

Sounds of the radiant hymn of the noble -

He sang the embodiment of the happiness of the people.

The poet connects the union of the peasantry and the intelligentsia with the fate of the entire people, offering his own solution to the question - how to establish contact and mutual understanding, how to close the gap between them. Only the joint efforts of the revolutionaries and the people can lead Russia onto the broad road of freedom and happiness.

I hope this essay has helped you better understand the image of Grisha Dobrosklonov.

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Many works have not lost their relevance in our time. This, perhaps, is happening because most of the problems and difficulties in human life can be taken out of the bounds of time and the development of mankind as a whole. It has always been difficult for people to find their place in society, some did not have enough money to get a proper education, some did not have enough money to look proper (society did not perceive a man in a shabby suit either in ancient times, or now). The problem of arranging life, providing food at all times occupied the minds of people, especially those of low income. How to get out of the vicious circle of such problems and is it possible to do it in an honest way? N.A. is trying to answer this question. Nekrasov in his unfinished poem “Who in Rus' should live well”.

Many images could serve as a clear example for the disclosure of this topic, but still the main body of information on this issue falls on the image of Grisha Dobrosklonov.

Name Meaning and Prototypes

In literature, the names of heroes are often symbolic. Their names and surnames in most cases are a brief description of a literary personality. If the question of assigning names to characters, in view of the detailing of their personal qualities, is controversial, then the question of the meaning of surnames is almost always decided in favor of symbolism. The authors of the past centuries took as a basis the names widespread in society, in particular, the described estate was taken into account. The name of the hero had to be close and familiar to readers. The names of the characters were invented by the authors themselves. It was from associations with the surname that the further development of the image consisted. It was based either on a game of contrasts or on enhancing the effect of personality traits.

The prototype of Grisha Dobrosklonov was the poet and publicist Nikolai Alekseevich Dobrolyubov. In society, he was known as a man of unique industriousness and talent - at the age of 13 he was already translating Horace, successfully writing literary critical articles. Dobrosklonov and Dobrolyubov are united by the tragedy of childhood - the death of their mother, which made an indelible impression on both the first and the second. Akin qualities also arise in their social position - the desire to make the world kinder and better.

As you can see, Nekrasov took the surname of a literary figure as a basis, modifying it, but at the same time, the fact of its symbolism cannot be denied. The character's surname also reflects his personality traits. It is based on the noun "good", which corresponds to the general characteristics of Grisha. He is a really kind person by nature, full of good aspirations and dreams. The second part of his surname is derived from the verb "to incline". That is,

Age, appearance and occupation of Grigory Dobrosklonov

The reader gets acquainted with the image of Grigory Dobrosklonov in the last parts of the poem - partly in "A Feast for the Whole World" and, in more detail, in the epilogue of the poem.

We do not know the exact age of the hero, the fact that at the time of the story he was studying at the seminary gives the right to assume that his age is about 15 years old, the author confirms the same guess, saying that the boy is “fifteen years old”.

Gregory's mother's name was Domna, she died early:

Domnushka
She was very caring
But also durability
God didn't give her.

His father's name is Tryphon, he was a deacon, in other words, he was at the bottom rung of the clergy's career ladder. The family's income has never been high - the mother tried her best to change this situation and give a proper education to her children - Grisha and Savva. The woman was often helped by fellow villagers to feed the children, so she

Unrequited laborer
For everyone who has something
Helped her on a rainy day.

Naturally, hard physical labor and poor living conditions had an extremely unfavorable effect on the woman's health, and she soon died. Grigory is grieving the loss of his mother - she was kind, good and caring, so at night the boy "worried about his mother" and quietly sang her song about salt.

Life after mother's death

After the death of Domna, the life of the family deteriorated significantly - "Poorer than the seedy / Last peasant / Lived Tryphon." There was never enough food in their house:

No cow, no horse
There was a dog Itchy,
There was a cat - and they left.

Grigory and Savva are often fed by fellow villagers. The brothers are very grateful to the peasants for this and try not to remain in debt - somehow help them:

Young people paid them.
To the best of my ability, work,
According to their deeds chores
Celebrated in the city.

Nekrasov gives a meager description of Grisha. He has a "wide bone", but he himself does not look like a hero - "his face is too thin." This is because he is always half-starved. While in the seminary, he woke up in the middle of the night from hunger and waited for breakfast. Their father also does not rule - he is as eternally hungry as his sons.

Gregory, like his brother, "are marked with God's seal" - the ability to science and the ability to lead the crowd, so "the deacon boasted of the children."

Studying at the seminary for Gregory is not joyful there, “it is dark, cold and hungry,” but the young man is not going to retreat, he plans to study at the university.

Over time, the image of the mother and the small homeland merged together, they soon decided on the desire to serve the common people, to make the life of ordinary men better:

Gregory already knew for sure
What will live for happiness
Wretched and dark
native corner.

Gregory does not dream of personal wealth or benefits. He wants all people to live in good and prosperity:

I don't need any silver
No gold, but God forbid
So that my countrymen
And every peasant
Lived freely and cheerfully
All over holy Rus'.

And the young man is ready to do everything possible to get closer to the fulfillment of his dream.

Dobrosklonov is optimistic, this is especially noticeable in the lyrics of his songs, where he tries to sing the love of life, outline a wonderful, cheerful future.

The fate of Gregory is typical - a joyless, hungry childhood, sad memories of studying at the seminary. What will happen next? This is quite predictable, the fate of such people is always the same:

Fate prepared for him
Glorious path, loud name
people's protector,
Consumption and Siberia.

Summarize. The image of Grigory Dobrosklonov is optimistic. The young man is full of wonderful aspirations - he is a future revolutionary, ready to sacrifice himself for the good of other people. Gregory is driven by the good intention to improve the lives of ordinary people, the same as himself, to provide them with a decent, not a beggarly life.

The very appearance of Grisha as a protagonist serves in the general concept of the chapter "A Feast for the Whole World" as a guarantee of growth and the coming victory of new beginnings. The final chapter of the poem "Good time - good songs" is completely connected with his image. The people go home. A good time in his life has not yet come, he still does not sing cheerful songs,

Another end to suffering

Far from the people

The sun is still far away

but the presentiment of this liberation permeates the chapter, giving it a cheerful, joyful tone. It is no coincidence that the action unfolds against the background of a morning landscape, a picture of the sun rising over the expanse of the Volga meadows.

In the proofreading of “Feast ...”, donated by Nekrasov to A.F. Koni, the final chapter had the heading: “Epilogue. Grisha Dobrosklonov. It is very important that Nekrasov considered the final chapter of the plot-incomplete poem as an epilogue, as a logical conclusion to its main ideological and semantic lines, moreover, he connected the possibility of this completion with the figure of Grigory Dobrosklonov.

Introducing the image of the young man Grisha Dobrosklonov into the final chapter of the poem, the author gave an answer to the question, borne by thoughts and experience of a lifetime, in the name of what a person should live and what is his highest purpose and happiness. Thus, the ethical problematic “Who should live well in Rus'” was completed. In the dying lyrical cycle “Last Songs”, which was created simultaneously with the chapter “ A Feast for the Whole World”, Nekrasov expresses an unshakable conviction that the highest content of human life is altruistic service to the “great goals of the century”:

Who, serving the great purposes of the age,

He gives his whole life

To fight for the brother of man

Only he will outlive himself ... ("Zine")

According to Nekrasov's plan, Grisha Dobrosklonov also belongs to this type of people who completely give their lives to the struggle "for the brother of man". For him there is no greater happiness than serving the people:

The share of the people

his happiness,

Light and freedom

First of all!

He lives for the sake of his countrymen

And every peasant

Lived freely and cheerfully

All over holy Rus'!

Like the hero of the poem "In Memory of Dobrolyubov", Nekrasov refers Grisha to that type of "special", "marked / by the Seal of the gift of God" people, without whom "the field of life would have died out." This comparison is not accidental. It is well known that, creating the image of Dobrosklonov, Nekrasov gave the hero certain features of resemblance to Dobrolyubov, a man who knew how to find happiness in the struggle for the "great goals of the century." But, as mentioned above, in drawing the moral and psychological image of Dobrosklonov, Nekrasov relied not only on memories of the great sixties, but also on the facts that the practice of the revolutionary populist movement of the 70s gave him.

In the conceived artistic image of the young man Grigory Dobrosklonov, the poet wanted to embody the features of the spiritual image of the revolutionary youth of that time. After all, this is about them in the poem of the line:

Rus' has already sent a lot

His sons, marked

The seal of the gift of God,

On honest paths.

After all, “fate” did not prepare for them, but prepared (as in the past for Dobrolyubov and Chernyshevsky) “consumption and Siberia”. Nekrasov and Grisha Dobrosklonova equate these people, marked with the "seal of God's gift": "No matter how dark the vakhlachina," but she

Blessed, put

In Grigory Dobrosklonov

Such a messenger.

And apparently, at a certain stage of work on the "Epilogue" Nekrasov wrote the famous quatrain about the future of the hero:

Fate prepared for him

The path is glorious, the name is loud

people's protector,

Consumption and Siberia.

We must not forget about the lyrical basis of the image of Grisha. Nekrasov perceived the struggle for "the share of the people, / his happiness" as his personal, vital matter. And in a painful time

illness, mercilessly punishing himself for insufficient practical participation in this struggle (“Songs prevented me from being a fighter ...”), the poet, however, found support and consolation in the consciousness that his poetry, his “Muse, excised with a whip” helps the movement towards victory. It is no coincidence that the author of “To whom in Rus' ...” made Grisha a poet. In the image of the young hero of the poem, he put the best part of himself, in his heart - his feelings, in his mouth - his songs. This lyrical fusion of the author's personality with the image of a young poet is especially well revealed in the draft manuscripts of the chapter.

Reading the "Epilogue", we sometimes no longer distinguish where Grisha is, and where the author-narrator, the great folk poet Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov. Let's try to separate Grisha from Nekrasov, the result from the intention, and, using only the text of the poem (including draft versions), take a closer look at how the seventeen-year-old seminarian Grisha Dobrosklonov, the seventeen-year-old seminarian Grisha Dobrosklonov, appears on the pages of the "Epilogue" of the poem. Nekrasov said that the "originality" of his poetic work lies in "reality", reliance on the facts of reality. And we remember that the poet brought many plots from his hunting trips to the outback of Russia. In 1876, Nekrasov no longer went hunting, did not talk around the fire with the surrounding peasants, but even bedridden, he still sought to "keep in touch" with the world, rely on some real facts.

After talking with the Vakhlaks, Grisha goes “to the fields and meadows” for the rest of the night and, being in an elevated state of mind, composes poems and songs. I saw a walking barge hauler and composed the poem "Barge hauler", in which he sincerely wishes this worker returning home: "God forbid to reach and rest!" It’s more difficult with the “song” “In moments of despondency, O motherland!”, which is a lengthy reflection on the historical fate of Russia from ancient times to the present, written in the traditions of the civil lyrics of the Nekrasov era and would sound quite natural in Nekrasov’s collection of poems. But the image of the seventeen-year-old Grisha, who grew up in the village of Bolshie Vakhlaki, does not fit in with the archaic civil vocabulary of the verse (“companion of the days of a Slav”, “Russian maiden”, “draw to shame”). And if N. A. Nekrasov, as a result of his life and career, came to the conclusion that

The Russian people gather with strength

And learn to be a citizen

then Grisha Dobrosklonov, fed by the dark vakhlachina, could not have known this. And the key to understanding the essence of the image of Grisha is the song that the seminarian brothers Grisha and Savva sing, leaving the Vahlatsky “feast”:

The share of the people

his happiness,

Light and freedom

First of all!

We are a little

We ask God:

honest deal

do skillfully

Give us strength!

What kind of “honest cause” do young seminarians pray to God for? The word "deed" in those days had a revolutionary connotation. So, is Grisha (and Savva too) rushing into the ranks of the revolutionary fighters? But here the word "business" is placed next to the words "working life." Or maybe Grisha, who in the future "rushes" to Moscow, "to the New World", dreams of becoming a "sower of knowledge for the people's field", "sowing the reasonable, good, eternal" and asks God for help in this honest and difficult task? What is more associated with Grisha's dream of an "honest cause", the punishing sword of the "demon of rage" or the invocative song of the "angel of mercy"?

A. I. Gruzdev, in the process of preparing the 5th volume of Nekrasov’s academic edition, carefully studied the manuscripts and all materials related to the “Feast ...”, came to the conclusion that, by drawing the image of Grisha, Nekrasov more and more freed him from the halo of revolutionism and sacrifice: the quatrain about consumption and Siberia has been crossed out, instead of “To whom he will give his whole life / And for whom he will die”, the line “What will live for happiness ...” appeared.

So the “honest cause”, to which Grigory Dobrosklonov dreams of devoting his life, is increasingly becoming a synonym for “selfless work for the enlightenment and welfare of the people.”

So, a happy person is depicted in the poem, although the truth-seekers are not allowed to know this. Grisha is happy, happy with the dream that with his life and work he will make at least some contribution to the cause of "the embodiment of the happiness of the people." It seems that the text of the chapter does not provide sufficient grounds for interpreting the image of Grisha Dobrosklonov as the image of a young revolutionary, which has become almost trivial in non-beautiful studies. But the point, apparently, is that in the mind of the reader this image somehow doubles, because there is a certain gap between the character Grisha - a guy from the village of "Big Vakhlaki" (a young seminarian with a poetic soul and a sensitive heart) and several author's declarations, in whom he equates to the category of “special people”, marked by the “seal of the gift of God”, people who are “falling star” rushing on the horizon of Russian life. These declarations, apparently, come from the original intention of the poet to paint the image of a revolutionary who emerged from the bowels of the people, an intention from which Nekrasov gradually departed.

One way or another, but the image of Grisha Dobrosklonov somehow falls out of its contours and incorporeality from the figurative system of the epic, where each figure, even a passing figure, is visible and tangible. The epic underdrawing of Grisha's image cannot be explained by referring to the ferocity of censorship. There are immutable laws of realistic creativity, from which even Nekrasov could not be free. He, as we remember, attached great importance to the image of Dobrosklonov, but when working on it, the poet lacked "reality", direct life impressions for the artistic realization of his plan. Just as seven peasants were not allowed to know about Grisha’s happiness, so Nekrasov was not given the reality of the 70s of the “building material” for creating a full-fledged realistic image of the “protector of the people”, who emerged from the depths of the people's sea.

"Epilogue. Grisha Dobrosklonov,” wrote Nekrasov. And although Nekrasov connected the “Epilogue” with Grisha, we allow ourselves, by separating Nekrasov from Grisha, to connect the epilogue, the result of the entire epic “Who lives well in Rus'”, with the voice of the poet himself, who said the last word to his contemporaries. It seems strange that the epic poem has a lyrical finale, two confessional songs of a dying poet: "Among the world of the valley ..." and "Rus". But with these songs, Nekrasov himself, not hiding behind the heroes created by his pen, seeks to answer two questions that permeate the poem from beginning to end: about understanding happiness by a human person and about the paths to people's happiness.

Only a highly civic, not a consumerist attitude to life can give a person a sense of happiness. It seems that Nekrasov's call to the democratic intelligentsia played a role in shaping its civic consciousness.