Chatsky's attitude to service, to ranks and wealth. The character of the protagonist of the play "Woe from Wit" A.S. Griboyedov. Chatsky's attitude to education. Statements of Chatsky Attitude towards the career of Chatsky and Famusov
to enlightenment
4. Attitude towards foreign
5. Attitude towards wealth and ranks
6. Attitude towards love, marriage
7.Attitude to service
8. Understanding the word mind
Service:
"I would be glad to serve, it's sickening to serve"
for him, service is a delicate matter, because to advance in the service, one must serve those who are higher in rank.
"... they would learn from the elders looking: we, for example, or the deceased uncle, Maxim Petrovich: he ate not on silver - on gold ... in the yard"
he considered service the main "business of life"
foreign
"He himself is immersed in mind in marshmallows and cupids ... judges ... and in mothers wives ... renounced"
he is a patriot
"And who has seen the daughters ... they bring out the notes"
he adjusted himself to his social attitude towards foreign
For love, marriage
Chatsky did not see marriage without love.
For Famusiy, marriage should be a matter of convenience. He believed that love does not exist at all.
Enlightenment
"Now let there be one of us, there will be young people .... fire!"
"That now, just as anciently, they are busy recruiting hollow teachers ... and a geographer ..."
"Collect all the books and burn"
"Teaching is a plague... to sleep..."
Ideal
for Chatsky - a person who loves him sincerely, without benefit.
"You don't need a lot of examples when you have a father's example in your eyes. You should learn from your elders"
We are talking about the immortality of A.S. Griboyedov "Woe from Wit". This is not a red word. Comedy is truly immortal. For several generations now, we, readers and viewers, have been involved in an indifferent dialogue with her characters, which sounds both exciting and modern. In my opinion, the comparison of the two main characters is just as modern, since this allows not only to better understand the ideological and artistic features of the work, but also to better understand the significance of the characters' images for revealing the eternal value meanings of life.
Of course, we have reason to compare the two most striking characters in the comedy - Chatsky and Famusov. What is its essence? Yes, in the fact that both live in the same critical era in the development of Russian society, both in their social origin belong to the aristocratic elite, that is, both images are typical and socially conditioned.
It would seem that such dissimilar characters could unite! And yet, Famusov and Chatsky have some similarities. Let's think about it: both of them are typical representatives of their environment, both have their own life ideal, both have a sense of their own dignity.
However, the differences in these characters, of course, are much greater than the similarities. In what way does it manifest itself most clearly? Let's take a closer look at the characters.
Yes, Chatsky is smart. “He is not only smarter than all other people,” Goncharov notes in the article “A Million of Torments,” but he is also positively smart. His speech boils with intelligence, wit. Chatsky's mind sparkles in his ardent monologues, in his well-aimed characterizations, in each of his remarks. True, we are mostly convinced of Chatsky's freethinking, and we can only guess about other aspects of his mind. But this free-thinking is the main thing that Griboyedov appreciates in him.
Smart man Chatsky is opposed to fools, fools and, first of all, Famusov, not because he is stupid in the literal, unambiguous sense of the word. No, he's smart enough. But his mind is the opposite of Chatsky's mind. He is a reactionary, which means he is a fool from the socio-historical point of view, because he defends old, obsolete, anti-popular views. He is a fool, because he was not touched by enlightenment with its high ideas of goodness, humanism, the ennobling influence of knowledge on a person. As for Famusov's "free-thinking", he is only enough to grumble about the "tramps" of teachers, as well as fashionistas - a natural detail of his entire lordly, patriarchal essence.
Chatsky and Famusov. How else do these personalities differ? Yes, at least by the fact that both heroes have ideals, but how opposite they are!
Chatsky's ideal is everything new, fresh, bringing change. This is an image in which the personality traits of a civil warehouse are reliably embodied.
What is Famusov's ideal of a person? The ideal for him is Uncle Maxim Petrovich - a nobleman of Catherine's time. In those days, in the words of Chatsky, "not in war, but in peace, they took it with their foreheads, knocked on the floor, not sparing." Maxim Petrovich was an important gentleman, he ate on gold, "he always rode in a train"; "when it was necessary to serve, and he bent over backwards." It was in this way that he gained weight, “promoted to the ranks” and “gave pensions” at the court of Catherine II.
Famusov also admires Kuzma Petrovich:
The deceased was a respected chamberlain,
With the key, and he knew how to deliver the key to his son;
Rich, and was married to a rich ...
Famusov seeks to imitate such people, he considers their methods of obtaining ranks and money to be the most faithful.
Distinguishes the main characters and their attitude to activity, service, slave morality.
Chatsky, undoubtedly, from the breed of figures. He served. The scope of his recent activities causes envy in Molchalin, in Famusov - regret, perhaps even some envy. After all, Chatsky ended up there, in St. Petersburg, closer to the “ministers”, where, it is possible, Famusov would also like to get in due time. Chatsky's credo in this matter is: "I would be glad to serve, it's sickening to serve." Chatsky is outraged by the service to persons, and not to the cause, servility, nepotism.
What is the service for Famusov? Fulfilling civic duty? No, service for him is only a means of obtaining awards, ranks and money. Famusov's official affairs are reduced to signing the papers prepared by Molchalin. As a typical bureaucrat, Famusov is not interested in the content of these papers, he is mortally afraid of only one thing: "So that a lot of them do not accumulate."
Boasting about his "custom", he says:
And I have what's the matter, what's not the case,
My custom is this:
Signed, so off your shoulders.
Famusov is not at all embarrassed by the fact that he reduced all official duties to signing papers. On the contrary, he smugly boasts about it.
The characters have different attitudes towards enlightenment. Chatsky is a humanist. As a patriot, he wants to see his people enlightened and free.
For Famusov, enlightenment is a danger that threatens the usual foundations of life. Famusov speaks with hatred:
“Learning is the plague, learning is the reason,
What is now more than ever,
Crazy divorced people, and deeds, and opinions ... "
The anti-serfdom ideology of Chatsky is also manifested in the high assessment of the character and moral qualities of the enslaved people. In contrast to the slanderous allegations of help from the Kov-serfs about the serfs, Chatsky speaks of a vigorous, intelligent, that is, in the phraseology of the Decembrists, freedom-loving people.
Famusov is an avid serf-owner. He scolds the servants, not embarrassed in expressions, “donkeys”, “chumps”, he calls them only Petrushka, Filka, Fomki, regardless of either age or dignity of a person.
Once again I think about the characters of the main characters of the comedy. What is the meaning of comparing Chatsky and Famusov? Why are they opposed to each other in the play?
It seems that comparison is an excellent technique, with the help of which the ideological and artistic features of the work are revealed, the author's intention and his attitude towards the characters become much clearer.
Of course, to some extent, the Famusovs are also necessary in life, because they bring healthy conservatism, stability, and traditions into society, without which it is impossible to do. But the color of society is always the intelligentsia, which excites society, appeals to its conscience, awakens social thought, longs for something new. Such a noble intellectual, a man of the Decembrist circle, was Chatsky - a hero who bequeathed to us love for the Fatherland, a noble desire for truth, love of freedom and the desire to serve people.
The comedy "Woe from Wit" has been an adornment of the repertoires of many theaters for almost 200 years. Everyone remembers Chatsky's quotes. And everyone knows who wrote it. Diplomat and poet Griboyedov, State Councilor. For a more complete characterization of this personality, it should be recalled that this man, highly erudite and competent, was a hussar in his temperament. He knew what it was to uphold the laws of honor, and he could defend it in a duel.
Griboyedov - in the top three most educated people in Russia at the beginning of the 19th century
And Alexander Sergeevich was the most educated person of his time, who knew the majority and Asia. It's amazing to be able to communicate freely, in addition to your native language, in German, French, Italian, English, Greek, Turkish, Arabic. In addition, he did a great service to Russia as a virtuoso diplomat. The peace treaty he developed with Persia gave Russia 2 khanates. And in this sense, as his contemporaries argued, Griboyedov alone was worth a 20,000-strong army. Despite the disgrace, even Emperor Alexander I could not ignore the efforts of the diplomat. Such was the strength of his education and clear mind!
Is it surprising that the theme of enlightenment was voiced in the main work of Alexander Griboyedov's life? Chatsky's attitude to education closely echoes the point of view of the diplomat-playwright himself. However, first we need to know what Griboyedov's Russia itself was like.
Uncultured, uneducated Russia at the beginning of the 19th century
According to the famous philosopher Berdyaev, the country of Russia was “a huge, immense peasant kingdom”, led by the local nobility, “uncultured and lazy”, as well as a powerful bureaucratic apparatus. At the same time, for all that, the stratum of educated and cultured people was insignificant. Here is the answer why the expressed attitude of Chatsky to education causes such a negative
After all, even Emperor Alexander I, who came to power as a pro-Western liberal, at the time of writing Griboyedov's immortal comedy, led the anti-European opposition, approached religious mysticism.
Alexander Sergeevich Griboyedov - patriot and citizen
What to do when Famusov's words "collect everything and burn the books" become the essence of the reactionary position of the bureaucracy and landlords, which is tacitly supported by the tsar? They are not just afraid of a remix of the French Revolution in their homeland, they are afraid that they will be squeezed out on the Olympus of the Russian authorities.
That is why Chatsky's attitude to education scares them: after all, literacy in the future will cause a change in the country's course to anti-serfdom, liberal.
Alexander Griboyedov in his "seditious" comedy raises a really acute issue for Russia, which actually affects its future. Moreover, its interpretation of the proper level deserves close attention.
What Griboedov said through the lips of the protagonist of the comedy about learning
In 1816, in Russia, among the military educated nobles, there is. These are the people who saw the liberal life of Europe in time, noticed the dynamics of the development of Western democracies. They expected from Emperor Alexander I the adoption of a constitution, the abolition of serfdom.
Chatsky's attitude to education actually coincides with the position of the Decembrists. We bring to your attention the relevant phrases of the main character of the comedy.
The aforementioned quotes of Chatsky are sharp and concise! What did Alexander Sergeevich want to express with these phrases? It shows the inconsistency of the system of Russian nobility education that was in force at that time. First, its ostentatious nature. Quite often pseudo-governors turned out to be unrecognized. By hiring them, there was no control over what they could actually teach. Chatsky's attitude to education and enlightenment, despite his recent visits abroad, is pro-Russian. He does not consider it reasonable, for example, to blindly follow the experience of the Germans. Moreover, the young man is sure that the “smart and vigorous” believing Russian people, possessing the instinct of truth, solve many internal problems more effectively than Western advisers.
Who opposes Chatsky on the issue of education
The local nobility enjoyed unlimited power over their serf slaves, who regularly earned their income. A gentleman was smart or stupid, educated or not - there was no difference. He was rich and completely commanded his subordinates. Did such a status create incentives for the local nobility to study seriously? Not at all.
Unlike the classical landlords, the nobles in the civil service were forced to have a certain education, although its criteria were, to put it mildly, low. The official is the same Famusov. The question arises: how much intelligence is needed to work with documents, following the principle of “signed, so out of sight”? Skalozub is a high military rank. It is precisely his education and mental abilities that cause only regret ...
Famusov's views are opposite to those of Chatsky
Chatsky's zealous attitude to education and enlightenment, in which a pro-state position is felt, collides with the inert, primitive position of Famusov. It is felt that he was personally taught at one time (as Pushkin aptly said) "somehow." However, this Moscow nobleman with an average fortune, without bothering to read books, spares no time for empty secular formalities. And what is characteristic, his inner circle of acquaintances of nobles and officials is in solidarity with him.
Chatsky's education, unlike Famusov and Molchalin, meets the standards of the "current century." The author does not go into details, but mentions that Alexander Andreevich went beyond the cordon in order to “gather his mind”.
Instead of a conclusion
However, Alexander Andreevich is not alone in his reverent attitude to education, as Chatsky's analysis carried out by readers shows, the point of view of which is shared by non-plot characters of the comedy. This, for example, mentioned by Skalozub, his cousin, Prince Fyodor, a botanist and chemist, as well as the professors of the Moscow Pedagogical Institute "practicing splits and disbelief".
Therefore, we do not perceive Chatsky’s departure from the Famusov’s house as a complete disregard by society of his views on education.
Answer left Guest
Attitude towards the people and serfdom
Be bad, yes if you get it
Souls of a thousand two generic, -
That and the groom. (Famusov)
Isn't it the one you are to whom I am still from the cradle,
For some incomprehensible intentions,
Did they take the child to bow?
That Nestor of noble villains,
Crowd surrounded by servants;
Zealous, they are in the hours of wine and fight
Both honor and his life saved him more than once: suddenly
He traded three greyhounds for them!! !
Or the one over there, which is for pranks
He drove to the fortress ballet on many wagons
From mothers, fathers of rejected children? !
He himself is immersed in mind in Zephyrs and Cupids,
Made all of Moscow marvel at their beauty!
But the debtors did not agree to the postponement:
Cupids and Zephyrs all
Sold out individually!! ! (Chatsky)
to ideals
famous society
1. The deceased was a respectable chamberlain,
With the key, and he knew how to deliver the key to his son;
Rich, and was married to a rich woman;
Married children, grandchildren;
Died; everyone remembers him sadly.
Kuzma Petrovich! Peace be upon him! -
What aces live and die in Moscow! (Famusov)
2. Would study, looking at the elders:
We, for example, or the dead uncle,
Maxim Petrovich: he is not on silver,
I ate on gold; one hundred people at your service;
All in orders; rode forever in a train:
A century at the court, but at what court!
Then not what it is now
Under the Empress, he served Catherine. (Famusov)
Chatsky
1. To put the mind, hungry for knowledge, into science.
2. 4. Everyone breathes more freely
And not in a hurry to fit into the regiment of jesters.
to the service
famous society
1. Yes! they (papers) were missing.
Pardon that it suddenly fell
Diligence in writing! (Famusov)
2. I'm afraid, sir, I'm deadly alone,
So that many do not accumulate them (cases);
Give free rein to you, it would have settled down;
And I have what's the matter, what's not the case,
My custom is this:
Signed, so off your shoulders. (Famusov)
3. And, most importantly, go and serve. (Famusov to Chatsky)
4. Well, right, what would you like to serve us in Moscow?
And take awards and have fun?
(Molchalin to Chatsky)
5. But I got some new rules firmly.
The rank followed him: he suddenly left the service,
In the village he began to read books.
(puffer about his cousin)
6. I am quite happy in my comrades,
Vacancies are just open:
Then the elders will be turned off by others,
Others, you see, are killed.
(puffer on the reasons for his rapid promotion)
7. As I work and strength,
Ever since I've been listed in the Archives,
Received three awards. (Molchalin)
8. My father bequeathed to me:
First, to please all people without exception -
The owner, where he happens to live,
The boss with whom I will serve,
To his servant who cleans dresses,
Doorman, janitor, to avoid evil,
The janitor's dog, so that it was affectionate.
Chatsky
1. I would be glad to serve, it is sickening to serve.
2. Who serves the cause, not the persons ...
3. Does not serve, that is, he does not find any benefit in that,
But if you want, it would be businesslike.
It's a pity, it's a pity, he's small with a head,
And he writes and translates well.
(Famusov about Chatsky)
4. When in business - I hide from fun,
When I'm fooling around, I'm fooling around;
And to mix these two crafts
There are plenty of artisans, I'm not one of them.
(Chatsky Molchalin about his attitude to business and entertainment)
foreigners and foreign
1. And here from all sides
Anguish, and groaning, and groaning.
Oh! France! There is no better place in the world! -
Two princesses decided, sisters, repeating
A lesson taught to them from childhood.
Where to go from the princesses!
(Chatsky about the attitude of the young generation of representatives of the Famus society towards foreigners)
2. And all the Kuznetsk bridge, and the eternal French,
From there, fashion to us, and authors, and muses:
Destroyers of pockets and hearts!
When the Creator delivers us
From their hats! bonnets! and studs! and pins!
And bookstores and biscuit shops! . (Famusov)
Chatsky
1. As we used to believe from an early time,
That there is no salvation for us without the Germans!
2. Ah! if we were born to adopt everything,
At least we could borrow a few from the Chinese
Wise they have ignorance of foreigners.
Will we ever be resurrected from the foreign power of fashion?
So that our smart, cheerful people
Although the language did not consider us Germans.
Nesterova I.A. Famusov and Chatsky, comparative characteristics // Encyclopedia of the Nesterovs
Comedy A.S. Griboedov "Woe from Wit" does not lose its relevance, as it is a reflection of human weaknesses and vices that remain unchanged despite historical changes.
Illustration by D. N. Kardovsky for the comedy "Woe from Wit". 1912
Great Comedy A.S. Griboedova Woe from Wit" was conceived by the author in 1816, and was published only in 1825, and even then not in the full version, but in excerpts. Only in 1833 was the play published in Russian in its entirety.
The comedy came under scrutiny from critics. Many of them in their works unanimously note that the comedy "Woe from Wit" is kept apart in literature. I. A. Goncharov in his article "A Million of Torments" compares the comedy with a hundred-year-old old man who feels cheerful and fresh between the graves of old and the cradles of new people, and says that "Woe from Wit" appeared before Onegin, Pechorin, outlived them and will survive many more epochs and everything will not lose its relevance.
In the immortal comedy, Moscow is shown to us, captured with special tenderness, the life of the Moscow nobility, its interests, aspirations, and relationships are very accurately conveyed.
It is thanks to the picture of the Moscow brotherhood, represented by the "Famus Society", that the expression "Griboyedov's Moscow" has acquired a nominal meaning.
But nevertheless, the basis of the play by A. S. Griboyedov was the eternal conflict of "fathers and children", clashes of interests of the "current century", which Chatsky symbolizes, and the "past century", very accurately conveyed in the image of Famusov. Chatsky and Famusov are contrasted against the background of two different worldviews, two different incarnations of Moscow.
Famusov is conservative and completely unwilling to accept the fact that the world is changing. He cultivates around him the same stubborn and cunning sycophants like himself. At the same time, Chatsky cannot claim to be a full-fledged personification of the "current century", since he is too stubborn and at the same time is not ready to make efforts to change the "famus society". He does not want to start small or settle for small things.
Chatsky, like any liberal, does not know how to be understandable. It is alien both to representatives of the "famus society" and to ordinary people.
The clash between the "current century" and the "past century" is due to the fact that people like Chatsky are hostile to representatives of the "famus society". Pavel Afanasyevich and his like-minded people cannot understand the whole correctness of the young man's ideas.
Already from the first act it becomes clear how different people Pavel Afanasyevich Famusov and Alexander Andreevich Chatsky are. In the very first episodes, Famusov expresses his opinion about the books, the service ("and what's the matter with me, what's not the case ... signed, so off my shoulders"). From Sophia's conversation with Lisa, we learn that Pavel Afanasyevich, "like all Moscow people," values only rank and wealth in people, and he himself says to Sophia:
Who is poor, he is not a couple for you.
Chatsky appears before us in the first act in a completely different way. Sincere, animated by a date with his beloved girl, witty, he chuckles at Famusov, sharply jokes about the life and pastime of the nobles of the Famusov circle.
In the first act, an ideological conflict between Famusov and Chatsky is brewing, which unfolds in the second act. In their dispute, disagreement is manifested decisively on all issues.
Pavel Afanasyevich tries to teach Chatsky:
"The name, brother, do not manage by mistake.
And most importantly, go and serve."
He reinforces his teachings with a reference to the court order of Catherine's times, when his uncle Maxim Petrovich won the favor of the empress with flattery and servility, and convinces Chatsky to serve, "looking at the elders." And here Gribodov's hero answers with a phrase that has become a phraseological unit:
"I would be glad to serve, it's sickening to serve."
He believes that it is necessary to serve "the cause, not the persons", and approves of those young people who "are in no hurry to fit into the regiment of jesters." Alexander Andreevich defends the right of a person to freely choose his occupation: to travel, live in the countryside, "put his mind" on science or devote himself to art. In response to this, Pavel Afanasyevich declares Chatsky a dangerous person who does not recognize the authorities, and threatens him with a trial.
Famusov is a man who does not recognize the low class of human dignity in people, who considers it quite legitimate the right of the landowner to dispose of people as he pleases. Chatsky, on the contrary, shows respect to ordinary people, calls the Russian people "smart, vigorous", and directs his anger against such feudal lords as Famusov in the famous monologue "Who are the judges? .."
Differences in views, culture, morality are clearly seen in the speech of Chatsky and Famusov. Famusov's speech is the speech of a not very educated, but intelligent, cunning, domineering gentleman, who is used to considering himself infallible. He argues with Chatsky, defends his views, sometimes showing wit.
Chatsky is an educated person, his speech is logical, rich in intonations, figurative, it reflects the depth of his feelings and thoughts. He passionately defends his rights and deeply believes in the power of reason, in the power of the word. People like Chatsky smashed the old world as soon as it was possible. Chatsky's word was then his work, his merit. It corresponded to his educational views. However, it would not hurt to demonstrate some deeds in addition to words. The absence of specific actions, excessive pathos, combined with great intelligence and honesty, creates the image of an idealist who does not want or cannot change something in the ossified world of bribe-takers and scoundrels, to which Famusov belongs. This is the main tragedy of Chatsky.