Church of St. George. Church of St. George in Ladoga. St. George's Church (Staraya Ladoga). About the life of St. George the Victorious
An ancient Orthodox church of the Ladoga deanery of the Tikhvin and Lodeynopol diocese. An example of church architecture of the pre-Mongol period. A monument of ancient Russian architecture of the 11th-12th centuries, located on the territory of the Staraya Ladoga fortress.
History of the creation of the temple
For more than eight centuries, the dome of St. George's Cathedral, the most elegant white-stone church, built, according to legend, in honor of the victory of the Russians over the Swedes and consecrated in the name of the Great Martyr St. George the Victorious, has been directed into the sky. History has not preserved the exact date of construction of the unique Christian shrine, but according to legends, the St. George Church was built in 1165-1166, during the reign of Mstislav the Great, son.
According to ancient tradition, the construction of churches by the Russians was timed to coincide with significant military events, one of which at the beginning of the 12th century was the triumphant victory of the Ladoga and Novgorod residents over the Swedes who besieged. Information about this glorious episode of the valiant military past, colorfully described by ancient historiographers in the first Novgorod Chronicle, has survived to this day. In 1164, the Novgorod squad under the command of Prince Svyatoslav Rostislavich and mayor Zakhary, together with the defenders of the Staraya Ladoga fortress, completely defeated the powerful Swedish fleet at its walls. Since then, the field of the legendary battle, near which the Ladoga residents built the Church of St. George, has been called “Victory”.
When constructing a compact small temple, the area of which is only 72 square meters and a height of 15 meters, stone craftsmen used limestone slabs, alternating them with thin baked bricks (plinfa) and fastening the rows of masonry with a mortar of slaked lime and brick chips. The facade of the church was covered with the same mortar, and the internal structure of the walls was supported by a wooden frame. Thanks to the art of ancient architects, the Church of St. George the Victorious, simple in architectural design, exuded solidity and power, which was emphasized by the hexagonal shape of the structure, its massiveness at the base, and three semicircular projections, and kokoshniks decorated with figured brick teeth, and slit-like windows ( four each on the south and north sides), and a helmet-shaped dome with a light drum and eight windows. The second tier of the temple was occupied by the choir, which was reached by a narrow stone staircase built into the wall. Representatives of the princely family climbed along it to attend services. According to legend, in 1240, before the battle with the Swedes, it was in the St. George Church that the prince, later nicknamed Nevsky, prayed for victory over the enemy. After a while, the choirs were no longer needed, and instead the two corner aisles of the upper tier were connected by wooden flooring.
The fate of the St. George Church is inextricably linked with the history of the fortress within the walls of which it was erected. The Swedes made repeated attempts to capture the northern outpost, and in 1313 they succeeded. Then they completely destroyed the citadel, and the St. George Church was also damaged. But after five years, high impregnable walls were built again, encircling the Church of St. George the Victorious.
The construction of stone buildings in Rus' gradually replaced wooden architecture. This was facilitated not only by the better defensive function of stone buildings, but also by frequent fires that completely destroyed wooden buildings. At the beginning of the 15th century, one of these fires severely damaged the St. George Church, and in 1445, through the efforts of Archbishop Euthymius II of Novgorod, who cared about the restoration of Orthodox shrines, the church was not only re-plastered and its interior was updated, but also became the main temple of the St. George Monastery that he founded. The monastery also had another name - the Ladoga Walled Monastery, due to its advantageous location under the reliable protection of the walls of the Staraya Ladoga Fortress.
By the middle of the 17th century, the Church of St. George became the cathedral church of Ladoga. Written evidence dating back to 1646 has been preserved about the construction of a wooden one on the south-west side of the St. George Church. In the summer months, services were held in the St. George Church, in the winter - in the warmer Demetrius Church.
By 1678, the St. George Monastery owned only two peasant households, and at the beginning of the 18th century it ceased to exist. The last written mention of the monastery dates back to 1722-1723, although even then there were no monks there, and in 1744 the Church of St. George became an ordinary parish church.
Over the centuries of its existence, the Church of St. George was repeatedly repaired and rebuilt, which by the beginning of the 20th century almost completely distorted its original appearance and interior decoration. Most of the ancient frescoes were knocked off the walls, and they ended up under the newly laid floor. The other part of the frescoes was hidden behind layers of plaster. Only the paintings on the drum turned out to be intact thanks to a well-preserved layer of paint. In 1584-1586, during renovation work, a small belfry appeared on the western facade of the temple, and the drum dome was replaced with a cone-shaped one. In 1683-1684, the temple was completely renovated: four windows were blocked up, window openings were cut out in the northern and southern walls. Due to the rise of the ground around the church, the floor was raised by one meter, which made it necessary to raise the portals. The walls were reinforced with oak structures, extending them into the thickness of the walls, and for greater strength, a vestibule with two chapels was attached to the western wall of the temple, one of which was consecrated in the name of St. Alexander Nevsky.
At the end of the 19th century, the Russian architect and restorer Vladimir Vasilyevich Suslov, exploring the Russian North and ancient architecture on numerous expeditions, made a proposal for a comprehensive scientific research restoration of the St. George Church. Using subsidies allocated by the state, restoration work was carried out in 1902: the outside of the church was plastered with cement mortar, wooden window frames were replaced with metal ones, the roof was covered with iron sheets, and a cement cornice was installed. The interior work affected only the choir - they were repaired, and the floor - it was covered with Metlakh tiles on cement mortar.
Unfortunately, the use of cement during restoration work turned out to be too destructive for the unique monument. After a few years, the cement plaster peeled off, and the building's basement was especially damaged. Increased dampness appeared inside the temple, causing mold to settle in the corners and salt crystals to appear on the frescoes.
The next comprehensive restoration of the St. George Church began in 1925. It was carried out by specialists from architectural and restoration workshops. Thanks to their efforts, the temple was freed from later layers and additions. In 1927-1928 and partly in 1933, restorers updated the frescoes. Unfortunately, due to the anti-religious campaign carried out by the Soviet government, all restoration workshops were closed, and specialists in the restoration of ancient monuments were fired. But the repair work they carried out gave a large margin of safety to the ancient walls of St. George’s Church for several more decades.
The turbulent times of the Great Patriotic War did not affect the Orthodox shrine, and already in the early 1950s, a group of architects from Leningrad began restoration work on the ancient temple, which lasted until the early 1960s. Experts lowered the ground around the temple, accordingly returning the floor level to its original position; They restored the doorways, opened all the blocked windows, cleaned the masonry of the walls, replaced the roofing and re-plastered the temple.
Large-scale research, scientific research and practical work began in the late 1970s and continued for almost twenty years. Most of the work was completed in 1996 and the Church of St. George the Victorious took on the appearance that ancient architects originally gave it back in the 12th century. Areas of fresco wall painting were freed from layers and restored to their original form.
Fresco painting of the temple
The Church of St. George is one of the few ancient Russian churches in which the unique fresco painting of the pre-Mongol period has survived unchanged to this day, becoming a monument of world culture. On the southern wall of the temple there are depictions of the great martyrs - St. Efstathios Placidas, St. Savva Stratelates and, presumably, St. Dmitry Solunsky. In the altar ledge of the altar there were frescoes of the Virgin Mary cycle. Of the four paintings, only one has survived - “The Sacrifice of Joachim and Anna,” depicting the parents of the Virgin Mary bringing two lambs to the temple in gratitude for the birth of their daughter. In the ledge of the deacon is the most famous composition in the world, “The Miracle of George on the Serpent,” which is considered the very first image of St. George on horseback, performing a miracle. The other two paintings from this series, unfortunately, are completely lost. The largest fresco is the face of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker, surrounded by a unique frame of paintings stylized as marble. In the walls of the drum there are images of the prophets, whose figures are edged with decorative arches with ornaments in the form of stems, leaves and flowers, and under the dome there is a 32-figure composition “The Ascension of the Lord,” which has been well preserved to this day.
The decorative design of all scenes and images of saints gives a special flavor to the interior of the temple. A variety of wickerwork ornaments, decorative arches, and polylithium panels harmoniously fit into the overall unique look created by ancient Novgorod painters.
Among the pointed towers and golden-domed domes of the churches of the Staraya Ladoga fortress, there is a small, but surprisingly attractive for connoisseurs of antiquity, the Church of St. George - a revived Christian shrine, a unique creation of ancient architects.
The town of “Koptevy Pustoshi” was first mentioned in a scribe book of 1584. This settlement, judging by the chronicles, will be 430 years old this year. The territory belonged to different owners over the years, until after the death of the last owner, one of the Georgian princes named George, it ended up under the control of the Kremlin. This happened at the end of the 17th century. In 1812, the French almost completely burned the settlement. The circular railway, laid through Koptevo, united the village and the Podmoskovnaya station. Later, the Novo-Moscow Moscow highway was built here around the Northern Administrative District of Moscow, where Koptevo is located.
The temple as an architectural decoration of the capital
Currently, Koptevo is one of the modern districts of Moscow. The main decoration can be called the temple of St. George the Victorious in Koptev. The complex was built entirely from logs by craftsmen from the Arkhangelsk company “Pomeranian Carpenters”. The project was led by the author - architect V.V. Ivanov. The traditional “northern” temple style fits very well into the stone architecture of the capital. Built in 1997, the Church of St. George in Koptevo is equipped with a 24-hour decorative lighting system. All domes, crosses and the entrance of the architectural complex are equipped with lighting. Automatic lighting is configured so that by turning on and off, the reflected light creates the necessary effects at different times of the day. The five wooden domes appear in all their splendor, illuminated in the evening twilight with soft or cool shades of light. There is a small bell tower above the vestibule of the church.
Shrines located in the temple
The main altar of the temple was consecrated immediately after construction. Attachment, icons
Mother of God “Helper in Childbirth”, received a blessing in 2005. The Temple in Koptevo (St. George the Victorious) preserves the reliquaries of the venerable saints and great martyrs. Hundreds of Moscow and visiting believers come to pray to pieces of the relics of Seraphim of Sarov, St. George the Victorious, the Optina elders, the Diveyevo saints, Matrona the Confessor, and icons with pieces of relics. Liturgies, memorial services, and an akathist during the service are included in the daily schedule of services. The temple in Koptevo conducts conversations with those wishing to be baptized, and conducts Sunday school classes.
About the life of St. George the Victorious
The temple in Koptev is dedicated to the name and glory of a real person, a warrior and a faithful Christian. The Church knows St. George the Victorious as the defender of Christianity and believers. Born around 275 in Beirut into a wealthy Christian family, George was well developed physically. In addition, he was smart and educated beyond his years. At a very young age, a strong, courageous and handsome young man enlists in the army. At the age of twenty, George, who knows military affairs very well, is entrusted with the command of a cohort of inquisitors (military rank). For his military courage in the war with the Persians, Emperor Diocletian makes the young warrior his confidant.
How the Great Martyr George was tortured
Diocletian worshiped traditional Roman gods. Rejecting the teachings of Christianity, accusing supporters of Orthodoxy of witchcraft and arson, he violently exterminated adherents of the new religion. George courageously defended his fellow citizens from the imperial wrath and tyranny. For this he was subjected to terrible repeated torture. His body endured wheeling, “burning” in boots with nails inside, and poisoned drinking. According to legends, George endured these unprecedented tortures thanks to his faith in Christ and his help. Thanks to his devotion to his convictions, George overcame the terrible physical suffering to which he was subjected and emerged from all torture unharmed. Therefore, believers all over the world call him the Victorious. The saint was executed by beheading in April 303. His body was buried in the Palestinian city of Lydda. In honor of the holy martyr, defender of the offended, a temple was built in Koptev, bearing the name of St. George the Victorious.
Patronage of shepherds and the military
Translated as “farmer”. The saint is the patron of shepherds and herds, because during his lifetime George often did this, appearing on a snow-white stallion. The Russian people revere him as the patron of the army. St. George the Victorious is depicted on the Order of the same name, considered the greatest insignia for military exploits. The orange and black colors of the St. George's ribbon are symbols associated with military valor and glory. In the Russian army, an irremovable St. George's ribbon was attached to the banners of the most distinguished military units in battles. In 1992 it was restored as a sign of an exclusive military award of the Russian Army. Today, an orange and black ribbon stands over fascism in the Great Patriotic War.
Social everyday life of the temple in Koptev
The most beautiful church in Koptev - St. George the Victorious - organizes various events for Christian youth. Here, great attention is paid to organizing the free time of the younger generation: there are various sections. Youth can do:
- in a theater studio;
- in a student club for art lovers;
- in the brotherhood of travelers and pathfinders;
- in the military-patriotic “Airborne Forces Club”;
- in sports sections;
- at culinary courses.
Upon completion of the courses for tourism instructors, which are conducted by the temple in Koptevo (the class schedule takes into account cadets of all ages), students receive official state documents with the qualification of an instructor. Practical and on-site classes are conducted. Associations at the temple contribute to the development of patriotism among young people.
For thousands of years, the holy great martyr has been considered the patron saint of Moscow and Russia. This is evidenced by the famous temple in Koptev - St. George the Victorious, as well as hundreds of its parishioners and believers who worship the shrines.
Church of the Great Martyr George the Victorious (on Pskov Mountain).
Let's talk about the Orthodox capital. About our Mother See of Moscow, about the churches of St. George...
On Pskovskaya Gorka, on Varvarka Street
The statue of George was not the first work of art dedicated to the great martyr. Already in 1462, and according to some sources even at the end of the 14th century, not far from the Kremlin, in a place a little later called Pskovskaya Gorka, on Varvarka Street, there was a Church of the Intercession of the Mother of God. This church was often called after the chapel the Church of St. George the Great Martyr (Passion-Bearer).
It is very important to recall once again that almost all the churches of St. George built in Moscow before the 20th century were called exactly that: the Church of St. George the Great Martyr. Christians went to the Great Martyr, but not to the Victorious One! Because good people don’t go to church for victories...
In 1658, on the white stone foundation of the old church, craftsmen erected a new temple, to which the people gave the name “Egory Stone”. The place here was lively, as evidenced by “the noticeable names of the church, very figurative among the Russian people, often in one word or expression giving a surprisingly accurate, memorable description of both the place and the time.
“Near the Varvarsky Cross near the prisons,” they said about the location in the 16th century. Because Varvarka faced a crossroads of four streets, not far from which stood the Tsar’s prison yard.
"On the Pskov Hill." The hill has always been here, but it was named Pskovskaya after the Pskovites began to settle here. Here's the story. The Grand Duke of Moscow Vasily III (1479 - 1533) annexed Pskov to Moscow, overpowered the Pskov nobility to the capital city, to his side, half a kilometer from the Kremlin, so that they would quickly get used to everything Moscow and forget about the Pskov Veche Republic and would not riot. Pskovites, and now Muscovites, lived on the banks of the Moscow River, worked, gave birth to children, time passed - the time of veche republics and appanage principalities in Rus' was gone.
Nowadays you can hardly find “people from Pskov” among the inhabitants of the capital, but Pskovskaya Gorka remains. And on it stands the Church of St. George.
“What is in the streets” - they said in 1674. Or "At the Old Prisons." “On the five streets of Tregubov”... Owners and kings changed, life changed. The name of the church did not change. This is what is important for our conversation. Even in the 18th century, when Russia won great victories, the temple was still called the Church of St. George the Great Martyr and Passion-Bearer! During the fire of 1812, the temple was badly damaged, but after 6 years, “at the expense of the Moscow merchant Pyotr Fedorovich Solovyov,” the church was restored and a bell tower was added to it. The Russian people won a great victory in that war. It seemed that the case itself ordered the addition of the second name of the Victorious to St. George the Great Martyr. But no one had any thoughts about this. Because Moscow suffered the greatest suffering in that war? No, that's not the only reason. But mainly because wise people do not shout about victories - after all, the other side of any victory is great suffering and equally great work.
In the twentieth century in Russia, churches were left out of business. Even those that were not demolished by the great human hurricane. This fate did not pass the Church of St. George the Great Martyr on Pskov Hill.
For a long time she “stood under state protection under number 61, and the state had a lot to do without her. It hasn't been repaired for many years. On the roof, a tree sprouted and began to grow, the roof on the bell tower collapsed, as if it had been blown away by the wind, the domes had holes, and the dome on the bell tower tilted. In 1964, a huge parallelepiped of glass and concrete was built on the banks of the Moscow River - the Rossiya Hotel. The small old streets in its background were demolished. But they left the church and restored it, and it turned out beautiful! Along the strict glass-concrete hotel wall, opposite from the river bank, there is a “church street” stretching from St. Basil’s Cathedral, on the edge of which stands the Church of St. George the Great Martyr, as if a guard stands at the entrance to the hotel territory. There is something to protect in Moscow! In 1967, when builders began constructing the northern ramp, a clay jug with a unique treasure of silver coins was discovered not far from the church at a depth of seven meters!
The church was restored under the leadership of E. A. Deistfeld in 1965 - 1972. People rejoiced, looking at the guardian of “Russia”.
In 1991, the church was returned to the believers, and repair and restoration work began here.
On Bolshaya Dmitrovka
“Known in stone since 1462” is the Church of St. George the Great Martyr on Bolshaya Dmitrovka. At the beginning of the 16th century, nobility settled in the old Dmitrovskaya Sloboda. The cozy slope of a sloping hill was occupied by Yu. Z. Koshkin-Kobylin, the uncle of Tsarina Anastasia Romanovna. His heavenly patron was St. George. Perhaps that is why the nunnery, which was founded after his death by the queen’s aunt F.Yu. Romanov, was named St. George’s. Later the lane was named Georgievsky. In 1690, a new large church was built on the site of the old one.
Moscow. The Kazan and St. George churches (behind) the former St. George Monastery on Bolshaya Dmitrovka. 1881 Naydenov N. A. Moscow. Cathedrals, monasteries and churches. Part II: White City. M., 1882, N 15
Life in the nunnery flowed according to its quiet laws, but in 1812 Napoleonic regiments entered Moscow, and everything turned upside down. On the fourth of September the French burst into St. George's - women's! - the monastery, they plundered the churches, grabbed everything that was in bad shape, and calmly went on to rob. The abbess of the monastery managed to bury valuable property the day before, and the soldiers did not dare to plunder the sacristy. And yet the consequences of the French invasion were sad for the monastery. The monastery was abolished, the churches became parish churches, and houses for church servants were built on the territory.
In 1930, the government issued a decree on the demolition of St. George's Cathedral. They measured it, photographed it, handed it over to a taxi company for a while, then demolished it and built a school on the slope, also an important object for the city. The icon of St. George the Great Martyr was transferred to the Church of the Resurrection of the Word on the Assumption Vrazhek, and recently Moscow accepted the monastery’s cells for state protection.
In 1990, archaeologists discovered a gold cross and two yarns dating back to the 16th century in one of the graveyard coffins. Of course, it will not be possible to restore the Church of St. George on Bolshaya Dmitrovka, but something else is encouraging. Literally, before the eyes of Muscovites, the building of the first city power plant, built according to the design of the architect V. Sher in 1883 on the former territory of the monastery, was repaired in a short time. Few people remember the original purpose of this long house, but after restoration with the introduction of a stylized church building into the exterior, it attracts the attention of people scurrying about. At the main entrance to the building there is the coat of arms of Moscow and the inscription: “Exhibition Hall. Small arena."
In Old Archers
The Church of St. George the Great Martyr, in Starye Luchniki, has been known since the 1460s. Then there was the Archers tract, whose inhabitants, according to some sources, made military bows, and according to others, they traded onions. However, one does not interfere with the other, and neither does the third! Here, on the meadows, Muscovites drove their cows, and in the 17th century this place was called the “old Cow’s Playground.” The cows felt good here because the meadows were located next to the Church of St. George (“Egoria in Luzhki”), and he has long been considered the patron saint of livestock in Rus'. We talked about this quality of the saint; it emphasizes Yegory’s peaceful character, his predisposition towards those who go out into the field every day, drive cattle out into the meadows in the hope that Yegory will help out if necessary.
And, apparently, he helped, if people drove their cows here for several centuries.
At the beginning of the 17th century, craftsmen erected a stone church. She has seen everything in three centuries. Not far from the Luchniki tract there was another “Old Prison Yard”. No one has yet said that Yegoriy was the patron saint of criminals, but how can even the greatest of the preachers of the faith be considered a Saint if he at least once turns his gaze away from the eyes of a lost person, lost in the whirlwind of life?! No. This is not holiness. It is not for nothing that several churches of St. George the Great Martyr were erected next to prison yards.
In the thirties of the 20th century, people dismantled the ends of the church and the bell tower, but did not completely destroy it. There were no large construction projects planned on this side of the street, and the building was useful for the workshop of a closed factory that had been carrying out its plan here for twenty years.
Currently, in the church, dilapidated, with its front windows looking sadly at the strong building of the Polytechnic Museum, people in overalls appeared. They dream of restoring the church in Stari Luchniki. Of course, no one will drive cows here anymore, but parishioners will go to St. George with great joy.
On Vspolye (“In Ordyntsy”)
The Church of the Iveron Mother of God, along the chapel of “George the Great Martyr, which is on Vspolye” (“in Ordyntsy”), is known for the fact that even before the accession of the Romanovs, it received a ruga, a salary from the treasury. At the end of the 17th century, a stone church was erected on the site of a wooden one, and in 1802, at the expense of Captain Ivan Savinov, the main temple was erected. It was then that the Iversky chapel was renamed Georgievsky. But why did the battle captain come up with such an idea? The fact is that Paul I did not recognize the “imperial military order of the Great Martyr and Victorious” established by Catherine II, his mother (we will talk about it later). Moreover, the new ruler wanted to introduce a new system of awards, in which there was no place for the Order of St. George. Any person, remembering the holders of the order, Russian commanders and soldiers, as well as the highest status of the award, would be surprised at such a decision. The officers could not come to terms with this. Captain Savinov spent his money on restoring the temple, and was the captain right? The parishioners of the church answered this question: a few years later they all called the temple by the name of St. George the Great Martyr.
The church was renovated several times, but in the early thirties of the 20th century it was closed, and so that the holy place would not be empty, they placed a club of an auto repair plant in it, then gave the premises to modern artists, and only in 1992 services were resumed in the church.
On Vspolye, on Malaya Nikitskaya
On another Vspolye, on Malaya Nikitskaya, at the beginning of the 17th century there stood the Church of St. George the Victorious. Another Georgievsky Lane got its name from it. A stone church was built in 1655; it was restored and updated several times, most recently in 1868.
In 1922, the lane was named Vspolny, and ten years later the church was demolished and a massive building was built in its place for the Central House of Radio Broadcasting and Sound Recording. And not even a trace remained in the local landscape, carefully lined with brick buildings, from the times when Muscovites came to the church on Vspolye on Malaya Nikitskaya, where boyar N. I. Romanov, a cousin of Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich, once lived in a mansion. .
He lived on a grand scale and loved foreign trifles. One of them played a role in history. Once, visiting a village that once belonged to an eccentric boyar, Peter I found an English boat in an old barn. Russian craftsmen copied two bots from it. One swam along the Moscow River, entertaining the audience. On the other, the Tsar and the first Russian sailors trained in maritime affairs on Lake Pleshcheyevo. The dimensions of the lake are small, six by nine miles, the waves are not ocean-like, but frequent and capricious. The English boat N.I. Romanov taught the sailors a lot, after whose death a stone church of St. George was built in his vast yard. A monument was erected to Botik on the shore of Lake Pleshcheevo, the eccentric boyar is rarely remembered, and no one knows about the Church of St. George, in which many people prayed to God for more than three centuries. Because it is not customary to erect memorial plaques to churches.
On Krasnaya Gorka, on Mokhovaya
The Church of St. George on Krasnaya Gorka, on Mokhovaya, “has been known from an incense book since 1619.” It was founded by Marfa, the mother of Mikhail Fedorovich. She appointed a rug for the servants. Ten years later the church burned down. In 1657, a new one was built in its place.
Here in 1816 the “chapel of the martyr Tatiana” was consecrated, on whose day, January 12 (25 - new style), 1755, Moscow University was founded. In the 19th century, the church was rebuilt and updated three times. In the thirties of the 20th century it was demolished. In 1934, the architect I. Zholtovsky erected a residential building in its place. They don’t think about making memorial inscriptions on his walls. But Moscow students of all generations will forever remember their holiday - Tatiana's Day.
In Yandov (on Osipenko Street)
The Church of St. George the Great Martyr and Victorious in Yandov (on modern Osipenko Street, 6) was built at the beginning of the 17th century before the Time of Troubles.
In ancient times, the Moscow River flowed along this street, its bed slowly moved from south to north to Borovitsky Hill. A wonderful place for nature lovers. But for builders it is troublesome. In the 16th-18th centuries, this area was completely filled with water during spring floods; it did not subside for a long time, forming small lakes. From them the Ozerkovskaya embankment and the lane were named. The constant swampiness of the area gave the name to another famous street - Balchug (“Bal-chek” in Tatar swamp, mud). And Yandova are low, tinned copper holders for beer, mash, and honey. They served drinks at feasts, as well as in taverns.
The first “tsar’s tavern” in Moscow appeared in this area by decree of Ivan the Terrible, who wanted his guardsmen to revel not far from the Sovereign’s Garden, the gates of which overlooked Balchug, to the doors of the tavern. This place was a great deal. There were Meat, Kalachny, Malt rows, shops with other products, and St. George at the intersection of Sadovnicheskaya Street and Balchug was simply necessary...
In 1653 a stone church was built. And in 1701 a fire hit Balchug. He destroyed shops and yards and killed many people. A few years later it began to seethe here again. People restored what was destroyed by fire, but in 1730 a fire struck Balchug again, and again people took up axes, saws, and hammers. In the spring of 1783, water began to work, it demolished and destroyed wooden and stone buildings, including the bell tower of the Church of St. George. In 1806, at the expense of Demidov, the bell tower was restored.
The Church of St. George in Yandov was regularly repaired and renovated until 1917, when it was closed, but, thank the Almighty, it was not broken. In the seventies, the temple was restored and for some reason painted black. This oversight, however, was quickly corrected, the church was repainted in a sunny yellow color scheme, and in this form it received parishioners.
In the village of Kolomenskoye on the Moscow River
The Church of the Great Martyr George in the village of Kolomenskoye on the Moscow River was built in the 16th century. On the outskirts of the modern capital, life in those centuries proceeded according to rural laws, although sometimes stormy winds brought militant people here, and there was bloodshed in the vicinity of the battle. In the 15th-17th centuries there was a grand ducal and then a royal estate here. In 1606, I. I. Bolotnikov camped in the village. In 1662, the so-called “copper riot” broke out in Moscow. The rebels headed to the village of Kolomenskoye, where Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich promised people to reduce taxes and conduct an investigation into the abuses that arose after the release of a huge amount of copper money in 1654, which sharply worsened the situation of the people. The rebels turned back, met with a new party of dissatisfied townspeople, and returned to the village. Now the king brought in troops. There were many casualties. The “Copper Riot” was brutally suppressed, but copper money was still abolished.
Peter I spent his childhood in the village of Kolomenskoye. In the 18th century, the State and Sadovaya Slobodas were established here to cultivate the royal gardens...
The Church of the Great Martyr George was constantly updated, most recently in 1966-1967 under the leadership of the architect N. N. Sveshnikov.
In Georgians
The Church of St. George the Great Martyr in Gruziny was built at the request of the Georgian king Vakhtang Levanovich, who moved to Moscow in 1725 with his sons Bakar and George and a large retinue. Russian Tsar Peter II allocated funds from the treasury for the settlement of new settlers. Tsarevich George built the Church of George. It was consecrated in 1760, but twenty years later a fire destroyed the temple. In 1788, construction of a stone church began at the expense of parishioners and S.P. Vasilyev. In 1793 it received parishioners. The chapel of St. George the Great Martyr was consecrated in 1800.
Construction and expansion of the temple continued until the beginning of the twentieth century. And in 1922 it was closed, the bell tower was destroyed, the building was given to the Electrical Engineering College and only in 1991 was returned to believers.
On the Kadetsky parade ground (1 Krasnokursantsky proezd)
The Church of St. George the Victorious at the military paramedic school in a building on the Kadetsky Parade Ground (1 Krasnokursantsky Proezd) was built in 1885. Over the course of a century, the house grew by one floor, a medical service building was added to the side, but for some reason not even a nail, not even a brick from the Church of St. George remained here...
Military paramedic school
On Khamovnichesky parade ground
The Church of St. George the Victorious of the Sumy Regiment on Khamovnichesky Parade Ground was built of wood in 1910 under the leadership of architect N.I. Boni. Probably, over time, a stone church would have been erected here, but the temple was unlucky, perhaps more than all Moscow churches: seven years later it was demolished.
Church of St. George the Victorious on Khamovniki parade ground. TsIG Archive
For a long time, Khamovnichesky (Frunzensky) parade ground was not of interest to city planners, but in 1958, Komsomolsky Avenue was built through it, along which hundreds of thousands of cars rush every day.
Alexander Toroptsev
History of construction
Russian Church in Lviv
Shrines
Monument in honor of the two thousandth anniversary of the Nativity of Christ and the centenary of the temple
The temple preserves particles of the relics of the Holy Great Martyr Barbara, the Venerable Fathers of the Kiev Caves, the Venerable Job (abbot of Pochaev), Joasaph of Belgorod, and Kuksha of Odessa. The temple also contains a copy of the Tikhvin-Tear-Growing icon, painted and consecrated on Mount Athos, which was transferred from the Russian hermits to the Russian Imperial Consulate in Lvov. The icon located in the temple was recognized as miraculous by the decision of the Holy Synod of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church (Moscow Patriarchate).
Current situation
The rector of the Church of the Holy Great Martyr George the Victorious was Protopresbyter Vasily Ostashevsky (he reposed in the Lord on May 15, 2007). Since then, as before, it has become a cathedral and now the only Russian Orthodox church in Lviv. Since the same year, Bishop of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church (Moscow Patriarchate) Augustine (Markevich) has been at the Lviv See. Until the beginning of the year, Archpriest Andrey Tkachev, the host of television programs on the all-Ukrainian TV channel “Kievan Rus”, served in the church.
At the church there is an editorial office of the diocesan newspaper "The Light of Orthodoxy", there are Higher Theological Courses, a missionary department, an Orthodox youth brotherhood, a library. An Orthodox magazine for children "Bozhya Nivka" (Russian: "God's Meadow") is published.
Divine services are performed daily, the language of worship is Church Slavonic; sermons are delivered in Russian and Ukrainian.
The territory of the temple is adjacent to the building of the Lviv Russian Cultural Center named after. Pushkin.
Notes
Links
- Official website of the Lviv diocese of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church (Moscow Patriarchate)
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Coordinates: 50°24′21″ n. w. / 24°04′07″ E. d.