Little people in Dostoevsky's crime and punishment. Abstract: The theme of the little man in the novel Crime and Punishment. The theme of the "little man" in the novel by F. M. Dostoyevsky "Crime and Punishment"

In a slightly different way, but basically in the same manner, the image of the little man in Crime and Punishment is built. His incarnation there is Marmeladov, a petty official who was expelled from service for drunkenness. His image is internally deeply dramatic. In this seemingly completely worthless person, able to drink away the last money of the family and go to Sonya to ask for a hangover, Dostoevsky, true to his creative principles, finds a living human soul. According to Marmeladov's monologues, it is very noticeable that he was once not devoid of pride, consciousness of his own human dignity. Now only shame is left of that pride. Marmeladov is no longer able to cope with his pernicious passion, is not able to rise, but he is able to punish himself for this with the most severe moral punishment. If he were alone, he would not suffer. But the consciousness that Katerina Ivanovna and the children are suffering because of him is what torments Marmeladov, forcing him to address his hysterical and desperate confession to the regulars of the tavern, to Raskolnikov. He, once a proud and conscientious person, is not afraid to expose himself to shame and ridicule, on the contrary, he strives for this, because this is how he punishes himself. The depth with which this degraded person is able to feel the moral suffering of Katerina Ivanovna, relentlessly think about her and the children, about his guilt and his sin, is striking. And, what is very important for Dostoevsky, this man continues to trust in God - this is the meaning of the parable he told Raskolnikov. And - another important moment for Dostoevsky - the hope for divine mercy is combined in Marmeladov with humility and self-abasement, which replaced the former pride. Such a person, according to Dostoevsky, is not lost to God.

An extremely touching detail that completes the image of Marmeladov is the gingerbread that is found in his pocket after death - evidence of his last thought about children. This detail finally places evaluative accents: the author is far from despising or even condemning Marmeladov; he is a sinner, but he deserves forgiveness. Continuing the tradition of his predecessors, Dostoevsky brings to the fore in the interpretation of the theme of the little man the principle of humanism, the need not to condemn and cast a stone, but to understand and forgive.

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the world of small people in the novel crime and punishment

Lesson topic: "Little people" in the novel

F.M. Dostoevsky "Crime and Punishment"

Purpose: to show the development of the theme of "little people" in the works of Russian literature; reveal the harsh truth of life in the novel "Crime and Punishment"; consider the dead ends in which the heroes of the novel find themselves; lead students to comprehend the main conflict of the novel - the conflict between Raskolnikov and the world he denies; contribute to the education of the desire for spiritual beauty and inner wealth of the individual, the responsibility of a person for his actions.

Equipment: the text of the novel "Crime and Punishment", handouts, reference notes, illustrative material.

During the classes.

organizational stage.

Updating of basic knowledge.

What events in the life of Russia and the writer himself influenced the creation of the novel?

How did the answer to the question why Raskolnikov committed the crime change as Dostoevsky worked on the novel?

What is the genre of the novel?

What is the meaning of color and numbers in the novel?

Motivation of educational activity. Message about the topic and purpose of the lesson.

Roman F.M. Dostoevsky is called socio-philosophical. In the clash of different ideas and beliefs, the writer seeks to find the highest truth, the only idea that can become common to all people. In the most difficult years for the Russian people, he continued to look for ways to save a person from the suffering and troubles that the inhumane system brings with it. The writer was especially fascinated by the fate of the "little man" in society. A.S. Pushkin, N.V. Gogol. This theme permeates the novel by F.M. Dostoevsky "Crime and Punishment".

In the novel "Crime and Punishment" a special unique world is created, within which special laws operate, in which a special psychological environment, a special space reign. The unusualness of this world, almost all the central characters of the novel are people rejected by society, “former”. Raskolnikov is a former student. Razumikhin is also a former student in the main part of the work.

Dostoevsky in his work showed the immensity of the suffering of humiliated and insulted people and expressed great pain for this suffering.

Work on the topic of the lesson.

Teacher's explanation

The names and surnames of the characters are carefully thought out by Dostoevsky and are full of deep meaning.

Name

Its meaning in the novel

Raskolnikov

A split is a bifurcation: on the one hand, a passionate love for people, on the other, a complete indifference to one's own interests.

Sofia

Humility, wisdom. Sonya Marmeladova - humbly bears the cross that fell to her lot, and believes in the victory of good and justice.

Lebezyatnikov

A person capable of being mean, fawning, assenting. But the author transfers the hero to a new category (the scene with a hundred rubles), when Lebezyatnikov’s honest heart can’t stand it and he stands up for Sonya and reveals Luzhin’s plan

Avdotya Romanovna (Raskolnikov's sister)

The prototype of this heroine is Avdotya Yakovlevna Panaeva, the writer's first love

Razumikhin

Reasonable Luzhin, mistakenly, calls the hero "Rassudkin"

Lizaveta Ivanovna

The meaning of the name Elizabeth is "worshiping God"

Analytical conversation: "The Marmeladov family"

Conversation

Why does Marmeladov tell his life story to Raskolnikov?

Tell us about the official's family, support your story with quotes from the text of the novel.

Why is Marmeladov's daughter forced to live on a yellow ticket?

Commented reading of the episode "At Marmeladov's Apartment": portraits of his wife and children, description of the room, residents of the house.

Describe the Marmeladovs' apartment through Raskolnikov's eyes.

With what mood does Raskolnikov leave the Marmeladovs' apartment?

What artistic techniques does the writer use in these episodes?

On the edge of the abyss, the children of the Marmeladovs. What could be their fate if not for the help of Svidrigailov?

What can be said about Sonya, who is almost a child herself, but sacrifices herself to help children?

What is the further fate of Marmeladov and Katerina Ivanovna?

What lessons do Marmeladov and his family give us?

Teacher summary.

The Marmeladov family plays a special role in the novel. After all, it is Sonechka Marmeladova, her faith and selfless love, that Raskolnikov owes his spiritual rebirth. Her great love, suffering, but a pure soul, capable of seeing a person even in a murderer, empathizing with him, suffering with him, saved Raskolnikov.

The Marmeladov family lives in extreme poverty. The loss of a job, the inability to support his wife and children lead Marmeladov to drunkenness.

Katerina Ivanovna is a woman crushed by poverty, according to her husband, "hot and adamant." She graduated from the Noble Noble Institute with a gold medal and a certificate of merit, married an infantry officer for love and fled with him from her parents' house.

3. Analytical conversation: "The Raskolnikov Family"

Why does the reader not immediately learn about the Raskolnikovs, but from a letter?

What are the relationships between family members?

What do we learn about Raskolnikov's mother?

How does Dunechka characterize her consent to marriage with Luzhin?

Working with cards.

5. Summing up the lesson.

In his novel Crime and Punishment, Dostoevsky depicts various shades of psychological experiences of a poor man who has nothing to pay for an apartment. The writer shows the torment of children growing up in a dirty corner next to a drunken father and dying mother, in the midst of constant strife and quarrels.

The writer seeks to show that the everyday everyday life of the city not only gives rise to material poverty and lack of rights, but also cripples the psychology of people. The "little people" in Dostoevsky's novel, despite the gravity of their position, prefer to be victims rather than executioners.

Homework.

To select quotation material for the discussion of the topic "The social and philosophical origins of the Raskolnikov rebellion."

The theme of the "little man" in the novel "Crime and Punishment"

Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky entered the history of Russian and world literature as a brilliant artist, humanist and democrat, as a researcher of human souls. In the spiritual life of a man of his era, Dostoevsky saw a reflection of the deep processes of the historical development of society. With tragic power, the writer showed how social injustice cripples the souls of people, what unbearable oppression and despair a person experiences, fighting for a humane relationship between people, suffering for the humiliated and offended.
Dostoevsky's novels are called socio-philosophical. In the clash of different ideas and beliefs, the writer seeks to find the highest truth, the only idea that can become common to all people. In the most difficult years for the Russian people, he continued to look for ways to save a person from the suffering and troubles that the inhumane system brings with it. The writer was especially fascinated by the fate of the “little man” in society. Pushkin and Gogol thought about this topic. Dostoevsky's novel "Crime and Punishment" is also permeated with this painful theme.
Dostoevsky's characters usually appear before the reader with already established convictions and express a certain idea. The heroes of Crime and Punishment are no exception. In the novel, the “little people” are also endowed with a certain philosophical idea. These are thinking people, but crushed by life. For example, Semyon Zakharych Marmeladov. His conversation with Raskolnikov, the conversation of a drunken official, is essentially Marmeladov's monologue. He stands on one idea, the idea of self-destruction. Beatings are a pleasure for him, and he teaches himself not to pay attention to the attitude of those around him as to a pea jester, and he is used to spending the night where he has to. Marmeladov is not able to fight for his life, for his family. He doesn't give a damn about family, society, and even Raskolnikov. The reward for all this is the emerging picture of the “Last Judgment”, when the Almighty will accept Marmeladov and similar “pigs” into the kingdom of heaven precisely because not a single one of them “considered himself worthy of this”. “And he will judge and forgive everyone, both good and evil, and wise and humble ... And when he has already finished over everyone, then he will also say to us:“ Come out, he will say, and you! Come out drunk, come out weak, come out scum!" And we will all go out, not ashamed, and we will stand. And he will say: "You are pigs! The image of the beast and its seal; but come you too!" ... And he will stretch out his hands to us and we will fall down ...”
Dostoevsky describes a weak-willed drunkard who drove his wife to consumption, let his daughter go on a “yellow ticket”, but while condemning him, the writer simultaneously appeals to people. After all, he “offered his hand to an unfortunate woman with three children, because he could not look at such suffering”; For the first time he lost his place through no fault of his own. He is most tormented by the consciousness of guilt before the children. Is this “little man” really that bad? It can be said that it was a society that made him so, more indifferent and cruel than he himself in his drunkenness.
Raskolnikov meets Marmeladov's wife Katerina Ivanovna only four times. But all four times he observes her after strong mental shocks. He himself did not enter into lengthy speeches with her, and he only listened with half an ear. But he caught that in her speeches there is indignation at the behavior of others, a cry of despair, a cry of a person who has nowhere else to go, but suddenly vanity boils up, the desire to rise in his own eyes, in the eyes of Raskolnikov. If the idea of self-destruction is associated with Marmeladov, then the idea of self-affirmation is associated with Katerina Ivanovna. We see that the more hopeless the situation, the more unrestrained the fantasy. She talks about her life story with vain exaggeration, sees herself in her dreams as the hostess of a boarding school for noble maidens. After she is kicked out into the street, she continues to tell everyone that her children are with the most aristocratic connections. And she makes them go berserk.
We see that any attempt to endure inwardly in the conditions to which people are doomed fails. Neither self-abasement nor self-affirmation helps, even with the help of lies. A person is inevitably destroyed morally, and then perishes physically. But Katerina Ivanovna's self-affirmation echoes Raskolnikov's idea of the right of the elect to a special position, of power over all people. The fact is that Marmeladov's wife is not an elected person. It is shown by Dostoevsky in a parody. The path of exorbitant pride leads her to the street. She's just that "little person" we're talking about today. And the megalomania of Katerina Ivanovna does not reduce her tragedy. Of course, the writer speaks of her fate with great bitterness.
Another character in the novel is one of the "little people". This is Pyotr Petrovich Luzhin. This type is not capable of self-abasement, of boundless self-affirmation through pride, he is not capable of murder, he does not profess any democratic ideas. Luzhin, on the contrary, is for the dominance of egoistic relations, purely bourgeois, inhuman relations. Luzhin's ideas lead to the slow killing of people, to the rejection of goodness and light in their souls. Raskolnikov understands this well: “... is it true that you told your bride ... at the very hour when you received consent from her that you are most glad that ... that she is a beggar ... because it is more profitable to take a wife out of poverty in order to rule over her later ... and reproach with the fact that she is favored by you? ..”
Only his own benefit, career, success in the world excite Luzhin. He is ready to humiliate himself, to humiliate, to give everything and everyone for his well-being, to take the last for his own benefit. But he will not kill, he will find a lot of ways, cowardly and vile, to crush a person with impunity. In its entirety, this is manifested in the scene of the commemoration. Such a character was brought out by Dostoevsky as the personification of the world that Raskolnikov hates. It is the puddles that push the marmalade to the death, they force young girls to go to the panel.
The type of puddles, the type of vile and low "little people" who will never have a place in any society.
Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky created a wide canvas of immense human torment, suffering and grief, peering intently into the soul of the so-called "little man". He discovered in him not only suffering, but also meanness, cowardice and greed, like Mr. Luzhin. He discovered in him hopelessness and self-destruction, like in Marmeladov, and immeasurable pernicious pride, like in Katerina Ivanovna.
Dostoevsky's world outlook is based on one enduring fundamental value - on love for a person, on the recognition of a person's spirituality. And all the searches of the writer are aimed at creating the best living conditions worthy of the title of a person.

The theme of the "little man" is one of the central themes in Russian literature. Pushkin (The Bronze Horseman), Tolstoy, and Chekhov touched on it in their works. Continuing the traditions of Russian literature, especially Gogol, Dostoevsky writes with pain and love about the "little man" living in a cold and cruel world. The writer himself remarked: "We all came out of Gogol's Overcoat."

The theme of the "little man", "humiliated and offended" was particularly strong in Dostoevsky's novel Crime and Punishment. One by one, the writer reveals before us pictures of hopeless poverty.

Here a woman throws herself from the bridge, "with a yellow, oblong, exhausted face and sunken eyes." Here comes a drunken dishonored girl walking down the street, followed by a fat dandy who is clearly hunting her. The former official Marmeladov becomes an inveterate drunkard and commits suicide, who has "nowhere to go" in life. Exhausted by poverty, his wife, Ekaterina Ivanovna, dies of consumption. Sonya goes outside to sell her body.

Dostoevsky emphasizes the power of the environment over man. Everyday little things become a whole system of characteristics for the writer. One has only to remember the conditions in which the “little people” have to live, and it becomes clear why they are so downtrodden and humiliated. Raskolnikov lives in a room with five corners, similar to a coffin. Sonya's dwelling is a lonely room with a strange sharp corner. Dirty and terrible are the taverns, in which, under the cries of drunkards, one can hear the terrible confessions of destitute people.

In addition, Dostoevsky not only depicts the disasters of the "little man", but also reveals the inconsistency of his inner world. Dostoevsky was the first to evoke such pity for the "humiliated and offended" and who mercilessly showed the combination of good and evil in these people. The image of Marmeladov is very characteristic in this respect. On the one hand, it is impossible not to feel sympathy for this poor and tormented man, crushed by need. But Dostoevsky is not limited to touching sympathy for the "little man." Marmeladov himself admits that his drunkenness finally ruined his family, that the eldest daughter was forced to go to the panel and that the family is fed, and he drinks precisely with this “dirty” money.

The figure of his wife Ekaterina Ivanovna is also controversial. She diligently keeps memories of a prosperous childhood, about her studies at the gymnasium, where she danced at the ball. She devoted herself entirely to the desire to prevent a final fall, but nevertheless she sent her step-daughter to engage in prostitution and also accepts this money. Ekaterina Ivanovna, with her pride, seeks to hide from the obvious truth: her house is ruined, and her younger children, perhaps, will repeat the fate of Sonechka.

The fate of the Raskolnikov family is also difficult. His sister Dunya, wanting to help her brother, serves as a governess to the cynic Svidrigailov and is ready to marry the rich man Luzhin, for whom she feels disgust.

Dostoevsky's hero Raskolnikov rushes around the crazy city and sees only dirt, grief and tears. This city is so inhuman that it even seems like the delirium of a madman, and not the real capital of Russia. Therefore, Raskolnikov's dream before the crime is not accidental: a drunken guy beats a small, skinny nag to death to the laughter of the crowd. This world is terrible and cruel, poverty and vice reign in it. It is this nag that becomes a symbol of all the “humiliated and insulted”, all the “little people” on the pages that the powers that be - Svidrigailov, Luzhin and the like - mock and make fun of them.

But Dostoevsky is not limited to this statement. He notes that it is in the heads of the humiliated and offended that painful thoughts about their situation are born. Among these "poor people" Dostoevsky finds contradictory, deep and strong personalities who, due to certain circumstances of life, have become entangled in themselves and in people. Of course, the most developed of them is the character of Raskolnikov himself, whose inflamed consciousness created a theory contrary to Christian laws.

It is characteristic that one of the most "humiliated and insulted" - Sonya Marmeladova - finds a way out of the seemingly absolute impasse of life. Without studying books on philosophy, but simply at the call of her heart, she finds the answer to those questions that torment the philosopher-student Raskolnikov.

F. M. Dostoevsky created a vivid canvas of immeasurable human torment, suffering and grief. Looking closely into the soul of the "little man", he discovered in it deposits of spiritual generosity and beauty, not broken by the hardest conditions of life. And this was a new word not only in Russian, but also in world literature.

Sonya Marmeladova is the heroine of Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky's novel Crime and Punishment. Poverty and an extremely hopeless family situation force this young girl to earn money on the panel. The reader first learns about Sonya from the story addressed to Raskolnikov by the former titular adviser Marmeladov - her father. The alcoholic Semyon Zakharovich Marmeladov vegetates with his wife Katerina Ivanovna and three small children - his wife and children are starving, Marmeladov drinks. Sonya, his daughter from his first marriage, lives on […]
An impoverished and degraded student, Rodion Romanovich Raskolnikov, is the central character in Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky's landmark novel Crime and Punishment. The image of Sonya Marmeladova is necessary for the author to create a moral counterweight to Raskolnikov's theory. Young heroes are in a critical life situation, when it is necessary to make a decision how to live on. From the very beginning of the story, Raskolnikov behaves strangely: he is suspicious and anxious. In the sinister plan of Rodion Romanovich, the reader […]
The novel by F. M. Dostoevsky is called "Crime and Punishment". Indeed, there is a crime in it - the murder of an old pawnbroker, and punishment - a trial and hard labor. However, for Dostoevsky the main thing was the philosophical, moral trial of Raskolnikov and his inhuman theory. Raskolnikov's recognition is not completely connected with the debunking of the very idea of the possibility of violence in the name of the good of mankind. Repentance comes to the hero only after his communication with Sonya. But what then makes Raskolnikov go to the police […]
Former student Rodion Romanovich Raskolnikov is the protagonist of Crime and Punishment, one of the most famous novels by Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky. The surname of this character tells the reader a lot: Rodion Romanovich is a man with a split consciousness. He invents his own theory of dividing people into two "categories" - into "higher" and "trembling creatures." Raskolnikov describes this theory in a newspaper article "On Crime". According to the article, the "higher" are given the right to transcend moral laws and in the name of […]
In the novel “Crime and Punishment”, F. M. Dostoevsky showed the tragedy of a person who sees many contradictions of his era and, having completely entangled himself in life, creates a theory that runs counter to the main human laws. Raskolnikov's idea that there are people - "trembling creatures" and "having the right" finds a lot of refutation in the novel. And perhaps the most striking exposure of this idea is the image of Sonechka Marmeladova. It was this heroine who was destined to share the depth of all mental anguish […]
“Beauty will save the world,” wrote F. M. Dostoevsky in his novel The Idiot. This beauty, which is capable of saving and transforming the world, Dostoevsky was looking for throughout his entire creative life, therefore, in almost every of his novels there is a hero who contains at least a particle of this beauty. Moreover, the writer had in mind not at all the external beauty of a person, but his moral qualities, which turn him into a truly wonderful person who, with his kindness and philanthropy, is able to bring a piece of light […]
The hero of F. M. Dostoevsky's novel "Crime and Punishment" is a poor student Rodion Raskolnikov, who is forced to make ends meet and therefore hates the powerful because they trample on weak people and humiliate their dignity. Raskolnikov very sensitively perceives someone else's grief, tries to somehow help the poor, but at the same time he understands that he cannot change anything. In his suffering and exhausted brain, a theory is born, according to which all people are divided into "ordinary" and "extraordinary". […]
The human soul, its suffering and torment, pangs of conscience, moral decline, and the spiritual rebirth of man have always interested F. M. Dostoevsky. In his works there are many characters endowed with a truly quivering and sensitive heart, people who are kind by nature, but for one reason or another found themselves on a moral bottom, who lost respect for themselves as individuals or lowered their souls morally. Some of these heroes never rise to their former level, but become real […]
In the center of F. M. Dostoevsky's novel "Crime and Punishment" is the character of the hero of the 60s. XIX century, raznochinets, poor student Rodion Raskolnikov. Raskolnikov commits a crime: he kills an old pawnbroker and her sister, the harmless, ingenuous Lizaveta. Murder is a terrible crime, but the reader does not perceive Raskolnikov as a negative hero; he appears as a tragic hero. Dostoevsky endowed his hero with excellent features: Raskolnikov was "remarkably good-looking, with […]
In the world famous novel by Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky "Crime and Punishment", the image of Rodion Raskolnikov is central. The reader perceives what is happening precisely from the point of view of this character - an impoverished and degraded student. Already on the first pages of the book, Rodion Romanovich behaves strangely: he is suspicious and anxious. Small, completely insignificant, it would seem, incidents he perceives very painfully. For example, on the street he is frightened by the attention to his hat - and Raskolnikov is […]
Sonya Marmeladova for Dostoevsky is the same as Tatyana Larina for Pushkin. We see the author's love for his heroine everywhere. We see how he admires her, speaks of God, and somewhere even protects her from misfortunes, no matter how strange it sounds. Sonya is a symbol, a divine ideal, a sacrifice in the name of saving humanity. She is like a guiding thread, like a moral model, despite her occupation. Sonya Marmeladova is Raskolnikov's antagonist. And if we divide the heroes into positive and negative, then Raskolnikov will […]
Raskolnikov Luzhin Age 23 About 45 Occupation Former student, dropped out due to inability to pay Successful lawyer, court counselor. Appearance Very handsome, dark blond hair, dark eyes, slender and thin, taller than average. He dressed extremely badly, the author points out that another person would even be ashamed to go out in such a dress. Not young, dignified and stiff. On the face is constantly an expression of obnoxiousness. Dark sideburns, curled hair. The face is fresh and […]
Porfiry Petrovich - bailiff of investigative affairs, a distant relative of Razumikhin. This is a smart, cunning, insightful, ironic, outstanding person. Three meetings of Raskolnikov with the investigator - a kind of psychological duel. Porfiry Petrovich has no evidence against Raskolnikov, but he is convinced that he is a criminal, and sees his task as an investigator either in finding evidence or in confessing him. Here is how Porfiry Petrovich describes his communication with the criminal: “Did you see a butterfly in front of a candle? Well, he's all […]
Dostoevsky's novel "Crime and Punishment" can be read and re-read several times and always find something new in it. Reading it for the first time, we follow the development of the plot and ask ourselves questions about the correctness of Raskolnikov's theory, about Saint Sonechka Marmeladova and about the "cunning" of Porfiry Petrovich. However, if we open the novel a second time, other questions arise. For example, why exactly those and not other characters are introduced by the author into the narrative, and what role they play in this whole story. This role for the first […]
F. M. Dostoevsky was a true humanist writer. Pain for man and humanity, compassion for violated human dignity, the desire to help people are constantly present on the pages of his novel. The heroes of Dostoevsky's novels are people who want to find a way out of life's impasse in which they find themselves for various reasons. They are forced to live in a cruel world that enslaves their minds and hearts, makes them act and act in ways that people would not like, or whatever they would do while in other […]
In the center of the novel by F. M. Dostoevsky "Crime and Punishment" is the character of the hero of the sixties of the nineteenth century, the raznochinets, the poor student Rodion Raskolnikov. Lizaveta. The crime is terrible, but I, like, probably, and other readers, do not perceive Raskolnikov as a negative hero; He looks like a tragic hero to me. What is the tragedy of Raskolnikov? Dostoevsky endowed his hero with wonderful […]
The theme of the "little man" was continued in F. M. Dostoevsky's social, psychological, philosophical reasoning novel "Crime and Punishment" (1866). In this novel, the theme of the "little man" sounded much louder. The scene of action is “yellow Petersburg”, with its “yellow wallpaper”, “bile”, noisy dirty streets, slums and cramped courtyards. Such is the world of poverty, unbearable suffering, the world in which sick ideas are born in people (Raskolnikov's theory). Such pictures appear one after another […]
The origins of the novel date back to the time of F.M. Dostoevsky. On October 9, 1859, he wrote to his brother from Tver: “In December I will start a novel ... Don’t you remember, I told you about one confession-novel that I wanted to write after all, saying that I still need to go through it myself. The other day I made up my mind to write it at once. All my heart with blood will rely on this novel. I conceived it in penal servitude, lying on the bunk, in a difficult moment of sadness and self-decomposition...” Initially, Dostoevsky conceived to write Crime and Punishment in […]
One of the strongest moments of the novel "Crime and Punishment" is its epilogue. Although, it would seem, the culmination of the novel has long passed, and the events of the visible “physical” plan have already occurred (a terrible crime is conceived and committed, a confession is committed, a punishment is carried out), in fact, only in the epilogue does the novel reach its true, spiritual peak. After all, as it turns out, having made a confession, Raskolnikov did not repent. “That was one thing he admitted his crime: only that he could not bear […]
We all look at the Napoleons, There are millions of two-legged creatures For us, there is only one weapon... AS Pushkin Every century in the history of mankind is associated with some person who expressed his time with the greatest completeness. Such a person, such a person is called great, genius and similar words. The century of bourgeois revolutions has long been associated in the minds of readers with the phenomenon of Napoleon - a little Corsican with a lock of hair that fell on his forehead. He began by taking part in the great revolution that revealed his talent and […]

(349 words) The plot of the novel "Crime and Punishment" is inextricably linked with its main character, Rodion Raskolnikov: we observe how he worries about making decisions that determine his future fate. Choosing his path, he communicates with different people. These relationships influence his choice. It is on the characteristics of individual minor characters that I would like to dwell.

Almost all the images of the heroes that F.M. Dostoevsky in the novel brings Raskolnikov closer to Rodion, built on the criteria of a single type - a little man. In Russian literature, the phrase "little man" defines the type of characters who are unable to withstand life's cataclysms and occupy a low rank in the service. They are limited by modest needs and even more modest opportunities. In Crime and Punishment, the author exaggerates the problem of these people, placing them at the very bottom: the heroes spend their days in poverty and have no chance to return to a normal lifestyle.

The hero who most clearly reflects the features of a small person is Semyon Marmeladov. His story can cause the reader both regret and misunderstanding. Although Mr. Marmeladov lives on the verge of poverty, while having a lot of debt, it is difficult to justify the hero's problem. The retired official brought himself to this state. Not even going to look for a way out of this situation, he found solace in alcohol. Ignoring his children and wife, Marmeladov wasted his last pennies on himself and his vicious desires. The hero complained that no one was waiting for him at home, but it was only his fault.

But F.M. Dostoevsky introduces the image of Marmeladov into his novel not only to amaze the reader with his misfortune: in the work, acquaintance with a retired official should reveal Rodion's positive character traits. The story of Semyon Marmeladov about his "drunk" life causes bewilderment in the main character. The former student does not understand the actions of the "little man", which once again proves that Raskolnikov's soul is still alive and capable of rebirth. In addition, the grief of this family pushes Rodion to kill, justifying the sacrifice for good.

Of course, Semyon Marmeladov is not the only hero of the novel, on whose fate the stamp of the “little man” is left. In addition to him, Sonya Marmeladova, her stepmother, Razumikhin, Dunya and many others have the features of a common image. These heroes have only one main goal - to awaken conflicting feelings in Rodion, which are the psychological engines of the plot.

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