Biography of Dostoevsky: briefly, most importantly. Biography of the writer Message about Dostoevsky short biography and creativity

In 1821, a popular Russian writer, Fyodor Dostoevsky, was born. He spent his youth in a large noble family. His father was a strict man. Everything in the house was adjusted to the father. In 1837, Dostoevsky's mother and Alexander Pushkin, who meant a lot to young Fyodor, suddenly passed away.

After that, Fyodor Dostoevsky begins to live in St. Petersburg. There he entered the engineering school. At that time it was considered one of the best educational institutions in Russia. This was also indicated by the fact that among Dostoevsky's classmates there were many talented people who became famous in the future. During his studies, he also read numerous works, including foreign authors. He preferred reading to the noisy company of classmates. It was one of his favorite activities. Many contemporaries were surprised at the erudition of Fyodor Mikhailovich.

In 1844 Dostoevsky begins his long career as a writer. One of his first serious creations were - Poor people. This novel was positively evaluated by critics and brings glory to its creator. After 5 years, a turning point occurs in the life of the writer. He is sentenced to hard labor. The writer makes a lot of sense in a new way.

Around 1860, Dostoevsky began to write a huge number of works. He published a two-volume collected of his writings. Contemporaries did not appreciate the works of Dostoevsky, although modern critics highly appreciated his work.

Dostoevsky's texts literally stunned readers who had never personally encountered hard labor.

In 1861. The Dostoevsky brothers set about creating their own magazine, which was called "Vremya".

Dostoyevsky died in 1881 from bronchitis and tuberculosis. The great writer passed away at the age of 59.

Option 2

November 11, 1821 was born the great classic, writer and thinker Dostoevsky Fyodor Mikhailovich. From childhood, the future writer suffered from epilepsy. The family had 7 children, Fedor was born the second, he had 3 brothers and 3 sisters. Mother Maria Fedorovna in 1837 dies of tuberculosis. After her death, his father sent his two children Fedor and Mikhail to study at the St. Petersburg School with a military engineering profile. In 1839 his father died.

From a young age, the future classic was interested in writing, constantly reading works: Pushkin, Shakespeare, Lermontov, Schiller, Corneille, Gogol, Balzac, Gogol. In 1843, Fyodor Mikhailovich was so impressed with O. Balzac's Eugene Grande that he undertook to translate it.

The years 1844-1845 are considered the beginning of the writer's creative path. The work "Poor People" is the very first work of the writer. After the publication of the novel, the writer gained fame and popularity. Belinsky V.G. and Nekrasov N.A. highly appreciated the work of a novice writer.

The second work of Fyodor Mikhailovich, work on which lasted from 1845 to 1846, is the story "The Double", which was severely criticized by many writers, as well as readers of a literary magazine. At the beginning of his career, all the works of the writer were published only in the magazine of his brother.

The year 1849 becomes a crisis for the writer, he was sentenced by the court for participating in a circle with a revolutionary mood. Soon the punishment was replaced by hard labor for a period of 4 years in the Omsk fortress. After the end of the punishment, the writer goes to military service as a soldier. After the events experienced in hard labor and during the service, the outlook of the young writer completely changed, he becomes more pious. During his service, the writer meets Maria Isaeva, the wife of a former official, and a romance is born between them. After the death of her husband, Maria marries Fyodor Mikhailovich in 1857. Soon the young family moved to live in the city of St. Petersburg to work with his brother Mikhail in the magazines "Time" and "Epoch".

1864 becomes very tragic for the classic, his wife and brother die. After these losses, Fedor Mikhailovich begins to play roulette, accumulates numerous debts for himself. During this difficult period of his life, he worked on the novel Crime and Punishment, then on the novel The Gambler, for which he hires stenographer Anna Sinitkina, who soon becomes his wife.

The second wife, Anna, was 25 years younger than her husband. After the wedding, he instructed her to manage all his financial affairs. In marriage, they had 4 children. In 1869, the writer finishes work on the novel "The Idiot", in one of the monologues of Prince Myshkin, previously experienced emotions are displayed before the execution. The period from 1871 to 1881 is considered the most fruitful for the writer's work, he writes works: "A Writer's Diary", "Bobok", "Teenager", "A Ridiculous Man's Dream", "The Collapse of Baimakov's Office", "The Brothers Karamazov" and others.

Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky is a great writer, classic of literature, philosopher, innovator, thinker, publicist, translator, representative of personalism and romanticism.

He was born on 10/30/1821 in Moscow at the Mariinsky Hospital for the Poor of the Moscow Orphanage. Father is a writer, mother Maria Nechaeva is the daughter of a merchant. They lived in the said hospital.

The family had a patriarchal life, everything according to the will and order of the father. The boy was raised by the nanny Alena Frolova, whom he loved and mentioned in the novel "Demons".

Parents from childhood taught the writer to literature. By the age of 10 he knew history, at the age of 4 he was already reading. Father put a lot of effort into Fedor's education.

1834 entered one of the best educational institutions in Moscow. At the age of 16 he moved to St. Petersburg to enter the Main Engineering School. During this period, he decided to become a writer.

1843 becomes a second lieutenant engineer, but soon resigns and goes into literature.

During his studies (1840-1842) he begins his dramas "Maria Steward" and "Boris Godunov", in 1844 he finishes the drama "Jew Yankel" and at the same time translates foreign novels and writes "Poor People". Thanks to his works, Dostoevsky becomes famous and enters the circle of other popular writers.

He delves into various genres: the humorous "Novel in 9 Letters", the essay "Petersburg Chronicles", the tragedies "Another's Wife" and "Jealous Husband", the Christmas tree poem "Firs and the Wedding", the stories "The Mistress", "Weak Heart" and many others .

On 11/13/1849 he was sentenced to death for maintaining Belinsky's literature, after which he was changed to 4 years and military service, while he survived the mock execution. In hard labor he continued to secretly create his masterpieces.

1854 sent to the service, where he met Isaeva Maria Dmitrievna and 1957 got married. In the same year he was pardoned.

The marriage with Isaeva lasted 7 years, there were no children. With his second wife Anna Grigorievna, 4 children were born.

01/28/1881 died of pulmonary tuberculosis, chronic bronchitis. Buried in St. Petersburg.

Biography of Dostoevsky by dates and interesting facts

Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky was born in 1821 in Moscow. In the family of the doctor of the clinic for the poor, Mikhail Andreevich, and later received the title of nobleman. Mother's name was Maria Fedorovna. They had six children. At the age of 16, Fedor and his older brother entered the preparatory boarding house in St. Petersburg.

At the end of 1843, he served as a sub-lieutenant in the engineering team, and a year later he resigned and devoted his time entirely to literature.

The first novel, The Poor People, was written in 1845 and was a significant success.

After Dostoevsky participated in the underground printing house. Arrested in 1849, all his archives were destroyed. Dostoevsky expected to be executed, but Nicholas I replaced the punishment with a 4-year hard labor.

In 1857, Fedor married the widow Isaeva.

He released comedy stories: "Uncle's Dream" and "The Village of Stepanchikovo and its inhabitants."

1863, the dramatic novels The Gambler and The Idiot were published.

1864 his wife died.

In 1866 he worked on the love story "Crime and Punishment" and Dostoevsky's second wedding.

In the last years of his life, he was elected a Corresponding Member of the Academy of Sciences.

In 1878, Dostoevsky's beloved son died.

The last work is The Brothers Karamazov.

The famous writer died in early 1881.

Biography by dates and interesting facts. The most important.

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Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky (1821-1881) is one of the geniuses of the golden age of Russian literature. A literary figure whose importance is recognized not only in Russia, but throughout the world. He was remembered by the reader as a prophetic writer who anticipated the revolution and as a connoisseur of human hearts. No one could so accurately describe all the subtle depths of the human soul, beautiful and terrible, as Dostoevsky could do. Despite all the trials of life, he remains faithful to the Christian ideas of love and mercy. Many subsequent generations of writers found their teacher and inspirer in him.

Childhood and youth

The future writer was born on October 30 (November 11) in Moscow in the family of Mikhail Andreevich and Maria Fedorovna Dostoevsky. His father was a staff doctor at the Mariinsky Hospital and for his hard work he received a noble title, his mother was the daughter of a wealthy merchant Nechaev. Fedor was the second child of seven. Mikhail Andreevich had a complex character, and all the children were brought up in strictness. His mother began to teach Fedor from an early age. Later, he attended Herman's boarding house, and at the age of 16 he was sent to study in the military engineering corps. A year later, misfortune happens - his father dies, and, as a result, Dostoevsky suffers an attack of epilepsy. Since then, the disease has remained with him forever.
Neither study nor his future specialty interested Dostoevsky. As a result, he completely immersed himself in the world of books and became unsociable. He read the works of Pushkin, Lermontov, Gogol, Karamzin, Zhukovsky, as well as Goethe, Hugo, Schiller, Balzac, Hoffmann and George Sand. After college, he worked as a draftsman, but a year later he quit this occupation, finally deciding for himself that his life's work was literature.

First steps in literature

While still a student, Dostoevsky tried to write historical dramas (“Boris Godunov”, “Mary Stuart”), but the idea of ​​​​the first work that allowed him to enter the circle of writers came during a walk along the Neva. The idea was embodied in the story "Poor People", which, through Dostoevsky's friend Dmitry Grigorovich, first falls into the hands of Nekrasov, and then Belinsky. Dostoevsky receives a lot of rave reviews and publishes the story in the Petersburg Collection.
Since then, Dostoevsky attended Belinsky's circle, and considered his meeting with him the best memory of his youth. In the circle, he was ignited by social and humanistic ideas, although he did not accept Belinsky's atheistic views. Beginning in 1846, Dostoevsky regularly published his works in Otechestvennye Zapiski, but their success was not so great, and this only further irritated his thirst for creativity.
New literary acquaintances in St. Petersburg lead Dostoevsky to Petrashevsky's circle. Involvement in this society led to sad consequences: all its members were arrested, and Dostoevsky and eight others were sentenced to death by firing squad. Only at the very last minute before death, the condemned were announced that the sentence was reduced to 4 years of hard labor in Siberia.

Fate and personal life

The events that took place and the imprisonment in Siberia greatly change Dostoevsky's views. This is reflected in his work: sentimentalism is being replaced by cruel realism. On the way to the place of serving penal servitude (Omsk), Dostoevsky meets with the wives of the Decembrists and receives as a gift the Gospel, which he kept until the end of his life. Experienced in those years gave the writer a lot of material for his works, and among the convicts he found many new characters.
After hard labor, Dostoevsky was sent to military service in Semipalatinsk. At this time, he meets his first love - Maria Dmitrievna Isaeva. She was married, but soon her husband dies and they marry. In 1857, all charges were dropped from Dostoevsky, and in 1860 he returned to St. Petersburg.
The Dostoevskys lived in poverty: Maria Dmitrievna was ill with consumption, and literary work brought little income. To improve the situation, he and his brother Mikhail begin to publish the Vremya magazine. In 1862, Dostoevsky fulfilled his dream - he visited Europe, where he even met Herzen. In 1863, the magazine was unfairly closed due to censorship. The brothers made another attempt to create a magazine ("Epoch"), but it was not successful.
The year 1864 becomes fatal for the writer: in April, his wife dies of an illness, followed by her brother Mikhail in June, and after that, friend and collaborator of the magazine Grigoriev. Having more or less dealt with numerous debts, Dostoevsky goes to Wiesbaden, where he became addicted to roulette and lost the latter. With the help of old acquaintances, he somehow gets on his feet and concludes an unfavorable contract with the publishing house of Stellovsky. Realizing that he would not be able to hand in his work on time, Dostoevsky invited the stenographer Anna Grigoryevna Snitkina. With her help, he was able to fulfill the terms of the contract. In 1867 Dostoevsky married for the second time.
The couple leave for 4 years abroad, where Dostoevsky again takes up his old hobby - roulette. They return to St. Petersburg in an extremely distressed situation, but Anna Grigorievna, smart and decisive, was able to improve material matters. Dostoevsky got a job as an editor of the Citizen magazine. In general, Anna Grigoryevna, having taken over the affairs, in many respects contributed to the work of Dostoevsky, for which she earned herself a good name in Russian literature as the ideal wife of a literary genius. This period becomes the most productive in the writer's life. Dostoevsky writes his outstanding novels: "Crime and Punishment", "Demons", "The Idiot", "The Brothers Karamazov". His speech at the celebration in honor of Pushkin (1880) also became famous - it caused a real sensation among the listeners.
In 1881, the writer, already well-known throughout Russia, died. The reason was the exacerbation of emphysema. Many people accompanied Dostoevsky on his last journey. He was buried in the Alexander Nevsky Lavra at the Tikhvin cemetery.

In this article we will describe the life and work of Dostoevsky: we will briefly tell you about the most important events. Fedor Mikhailovich was born on October 30 (according to the old style - 11), 1821. An essay on Dostoevsky's work will introduce you to the main works, achievements of this person in the literary field. But we will start from the very beginning - from the origin of the future writer, from his biography.

The problems of Dostoevsky's work can be deeply understood only by becoming acquainted with the life of this man. After all, fiction always somehow reflects the features of the biography of the creator of works. In the case of Dostoevsky, this is especially noticeable.

Origin of Dostoevsky

Fyodor Mikhailovich's father was from a branch of the Rtishchevs, descendants of Daniil Ivanovich Rtishchev, a defender of the Orthodox faith in Southwestern Rus'. He was given the village of Dostoevo, located in the Podolsk province, for special successes. The surname Dostoevsky originates from there.

However, by the beginning of the 19th century, the Dostoevsky family had become impoverished. Andrei Mikhailovich, the writer's grandfather, served in the Podolsk province, in the town of Bratslav, as an archpriest. Mikhail Andreevich, the father of the author of interest to us, graduated from the Medico-Surgical Academy in his time. During the Patriotic War, in 1812, he fought with others against the French, after which, in 1819, he married Maria Fedorovna Nechaeva, the daughter of a merchant from Moscow. Mikhail Andreevich, having retired, received the position of a doctor in an open for poor people, which was nicknamed Bozhedomka among the people.

Where was Fyodor Mikhailovich born?

The apartment of the family of the future writer was in the right wing of this hospital. In it, allotted for the government apartment of the doctor, Fyodor Mikhailovich was born in 1821. His mother, as we have already mentioned, came from a family of merchants. Pictures of premature deaths, poverty, illness, disorder - the first impressions of the boy, under the influence of which a very unusual view of the world of the future writer took shape. Dostoevsky's work reflects this.

The situation in the family of the future writer

The family, which grew over time to 9 people, was forced to huddle in just two rooms. Mikhail Andreevich was a suspicious and quick-tempered person.

Maria Feodorovna was of a completely different disposition: economic, cheerful, kind. Relations between the boy's parents were based on submission to the whims and will of the father. The nanny and mother of the future writer honored the sacred religious traditions of the country, educating the future generation in respect for the faith of the fathers. Maria Fedorovna died early - at the age of 36. She was buried at the Lazarevsky cemetery.

First encounter with literature

A lot of time was devoted to education and sciences in the Dostoevsky family. Even at an early age, Fedor Mikhailovich discovered the joy of communicating with a book. The very first works that he met were the folk tales of Arina Arkhipovna, the nanny. After that there were Pushkin and Zhukovsky, Maria Feodorovna's favorite writers.

Fyodor Mikhailovich at an early age got acquainted with the main classics of foreign literature: Hugo, Cervantes and Homer. His father in the evenings arranged a family reading of the work of N. M. Karamzin "History of the Russian State." All this instilled in the future writer an early interest in literature. The life and work of F. Dostoevsky were largely formed under the influence of the environment from which this writer came.

Mikhail Andreevich achieves hereditary nobility

Mikhail Andreevich in 1827 was awarded the Order of the 3rd degree for diligent and excellent service, and a year later he was also awarded the rank of collegiate assessor, which at that time gave a person the right to hereditary nobility. The father of the future writer was well aware of the value of higher education and therefore sought to seriously prepare his children for admission to educational institutions.

Tragedy from the childhood of Dostoevsky

The future writer in his youth experienced a tragedy that left an indelible mark on his soul for the rest of his life. He fell in love with the childish sincere feeling of the cook's daughter, a nine-year-old girl. One summer day there was a cry in the garden. Fyodor ran out into the street and noticed her lying in a white tattered dress on the ground. Women leaned over the girl. From their conversation, Fedor realized that a drunken tramp was the culprit of the tragedy. After that, they went for their father, but his help was not needed, since the girl had already died.

Writer's education

Fedor Mikhailovich received his initial education in a private boarding school in Moscow. In 1838 he entered the Main Engineering School located in St. Petersburg. He graduated in 1843, becoming a military engineer.

In those years, this school was considered one of the best educational institutions in the country. It is no coincidence that many famous people came out of there. Among Dostoevsky's comrades at the school there were many talents who later turned into famous personalities. These are Dmitry Grigorovich (writer), Konstantin Trutovsky (artist), Ilya Sechenov (physiologist), Eduard Totleben (organizer of the defense of Sevastopol), Fyodor Radetsky (Shipka hero). Both humanitarian and special disciplines were taught here. For example, world and national history, Russian literature, drawing and civil architecture.

Tragedy of the "little man"

Dostoevsky preferred solitude to a noisy society of students. Reading was his favorite pastime. The erudition of the future writer amazed his comrades. But the desire for solitude and solitude in his character was not an innate trait. In the school, Fyodor Mikhailovich had to endure the tragedy of the soul of the so-called "little man". Indeed, in this educational institution, the students were mainly children of the bureaucratic and military bureaucracy. Their parents gave gifts to teachers, sparing no expense. In this environment, Dostoevsky looked like a stranger, often subjected to insults and ridicule. During these years, a feeling of wounded pride flared up in his soul, which was reflected in the future work of Dostoevsky.

But, despite these difficulties, Fyodor Mikhailovich managed to achieve recognition from his comrades and teachers. Everyone was convinced over time that this is a man of extraordinary intelligence and outstanding abilities.

Father's death

In 1839, Fyodor Mikhailovich's father died suddenly from an apoplexy. There were rumors that it was not a natural death - he was killed for his tough temper by the men. This news shocked Dostoevsky, and for the first time he had a seizure, a harbinger of future epilepsy, from which Fyodor Mikhailovich suffered all his life.

Service as an engineer, first works

Dostoevsky in 1843, having completed the course, was enlisted in the engineering corps to serve with the engineering team of St. Petersburg, but did not serve there for long. A year later, he decided to engage in literary work, a passion for which he had long felt. At first he began to translate the classics, such as Balzac. After some time, the idea of ​​a novel in letters called "Poor people" arose. It was the first independent work from which Dostoevsky's work begins. Then followed stories and novels: "Mr. Prokharchin", "Double", "Netochka Nezvanova", "White Nights".

Rapprochement with the circle of Petrashevists, tragic consequences

The year 1847 was marked by a rapprochement with Butashevich-Petrashevsky, who spent the famous "Fridays". It was a propagandist and admirer of Fourier. At these evenings, the writer met the poets Alexei Pleshcheev, Alexander Palm, Sergei Durov, as well as the prose writer Saltykov and the scientists Vladimir Milyutin and Nikolai Mordvinov. At meetings of the Petrashevites, socialist doctrines and plans for revolutionary upheavals were discussed. Dostoevsky was a supporter of the immediate abolition of serfdom in Russia.

However, the government found out about the circle, and in 1849 37 members, including Dostoevsky, were imprisoned in the Peter and Paul Fortress. They were sentenced to death, but the emperor commuted the sentence, and the writer was exiled to hard labor in Siberia.

In Tobolsk, in hard labor

He went to Tobolsk in the terrible frost on an open sleigh. Here Annenkova and Fonvizina visited the Petrashevites. The whole country admired the feat of these women. They gave each condemned person a gospel in which the money had been invested. The fact is that the prisoners were not allowed to have their own savings, so this softened the harsh living conditions for a while.

During hard labor, the writer realized how far the rationalistic, speculative ideas of the "new Christianity" are from the feeling of Christ, the bearer of which is the people. Fyodor Mikhailovich took out a new one from here. Its basis is the folk type of Christianity. Subsequently, this reflected the further work of Dostoevsky, which we will tell you about a little later.

Military service in Omsk

For the writer, a four-year hard labor was replaced after some time by military service. He was escorted from Omsk under escort to the city of Semipalatinsk. Here the life and work of Dostoevsky continued. The writer served as a private, then received the rank of officer. He returned to Petersburg only at the end of 1859.

Magazine publishing

At this time, Fyodor Mikhailovich's spiritual search began, which in the 60s culminated in the formation of the writer's soil convictions. The biography and work of Dostoevsky at this time are marked by the following events. Since 1861, the writer, together with Mikhail, his brother, began to publish a magazine called "Time", and after its prohibition - "Epoch". Working on new books and magazines, Fyodor Mikhailovich developed his own view of the tasks of a public figure and writer in our country - a Russian, peculiar version of Christian socialism.

The first works of the writer after hard labor

The life and work of Dostoevsky after Tobolsk changed a lot. In 1861, the first novel of this writer appeared, which he created after hard labor. This work ("Humiliated and Insulted") reflected Fyodor Mikhailovich's sympathy for the "little people" who are subjected to incessant humiliation by the powerful of this world. The "Notes from the Dead House" (years of creation - 1861-1863), which were started by the writer while still in hard labor, also acquired great social significance. In the journal Vremya in 1863, Winter Notes on Summer Impressions appeared. In them, Fyodor Mikhailovich criticized the systems of Western European political beliefs. In 1864, Notes from the Underground were published. This is a kind of confession of Fyodor Mikhailovich. In the work, he renounced his former ideals.

Further work of Dostoevsky

Let us briefly describe other works of this writer. In 1866, a novel called "Crime and Punishment" appeared, which is considered one of the most significant in his work. In 1868, The Idiot was published, a novel where an attempt was made to create a good character who confronts a predatory, cruel world. In the 70s, the work of F.M. Dostoevsky continues. Such novels as "Demons" (published in 1871) and "Teenager", which appeared in 1879, gained wide popularity. "The Brothers Karamazov" is a novel that became the last work. He summed up the work of Dostoevsky. The years of publication of the novel are 1879-1880. In this work, the main character, Alyosha Karamazov, helping others in trouble and alleviating suffering, is convinced that the most important thing in our life is a feeling of forgiveness and love. In 1881, on February 9, Dostoevsky Fyodor Mikhailovich died in St. Petersburg.

The life and work of Dostoevsky were briefly described in our article. It cannot be said that the writer has always been interested more than anyone else in the problem of man. Let us write briefly about this important feature that Dostoevsky's work had.

Man in the work of the writer

Fedor Mikhailovich, throughout his entire career, reflected on the main problem of mankind - how to overcome pride, which is the main source of separation of people. Of course, there are other themes in Dostoevsky's work, but it is largely based on this one. The writer believed that any of us has the ability to create. And he must do this while he lives, it is necessary to express himself. The writer devoted his whole life to the theme of Man. The biography and work of Dostoevsky confirm this.

Brief biography of Fyodor Dostoevsky, a famous classic of Russian literature and one of the best novelists of world significance, is presented in this article.

Fyodor Dostoevsky short biography

Fedor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky(1821-1881) was born in Moscow, in the family of a doctor.

1838-1843 - studied at the St. Petersburg Military Engineering School, after graduating from which he entered the drawing room of the engineering department.
1844 - retired and took up literary activity.

For the first time in 1846 published the novel "Poor People", then the story "Double". Since 1847, he became a member of the revolutionary circle of M. V. Petrashevsky, was fond of the ideas of utopian socialism. In 1849 he was arrested and sentenced to death, which was commuted to 4 years hard labor.

Subsequently, he wrote several works about hard labor, the largest of which were Notes from the House of the Dead (1861-62).

In the second half of the 50s, together with his brother M.M. Dostoevsky published the magazines Vremya and Epoch.

IN 1855 In the year he wrote a poem dedicated to the widow of Nicholas I, in the hope of amnesty and promotion to the next rank, which he received.

IN 60-70- e gg. the most outstanding books of Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky were created: Crime and Punishment (1866), The Idiot (1868), Demons (1871-72), Teenager (1875) and The Brothers Karamazov (1879-80).

Very short biography (in a nutshell)

Born November 11, 1821 in Moscow. Father - Mikhail Andreevich Dostoevsky, doctor. Mother - Maria Feodorovna. In 1898 he graduated from the Vvedensky gymnasium. He moved to St. Petersburg in 1837. In 1843 he graduated from the Main Engineering School. In 1849, he was sentenced to death in the case of the Petrashevites, but later, it was replaced by a four-year hard labor. In 1857 he married Maria Isaeva. In 1867 he married Anna Snitkina, with whom he had 4 children. He died February 9, 1881, at the age of 59. He was buried at the Tikhvin cemetery in St. Petersburg. Main works: "Crime and Punishment", "Demons", "Idiot", "The Brothers Karamazov", "Player" and others.

Brief biography (detailed)

Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky is the greatest writer, one of the most significant and influential writers and thinkers in the world of Russian literature. He was born on November 11, 1821 in Moscow, in the family of a hereditary nobleman and head physician Mikhail Andreevich Dostoevsky. In addition to Fedor, the family had six more children. The writer's mother, Maria Feodorovna, died when he was 16 years old. Immediately after this event, Fedor, together with his older brother Mikhail, left for St. Petersburg to enter the Main Engineering School. Two years later, news came that their father had been murdered by serfs. At that time, Dostoevsky worked in Belinsky's circle.

In 1843, the writer first translated and published Honore de Balzac's novel, Eugene Grandet. A year later, his first work, Poor People, was published, after which he immediately became famous. This work was highly appreciated by the great Russian literary critic Belinsky. The following works did not have such success and even ran into misunderstandings. Soon the writer begins to take part in a secret printing house, for which he was arrested in April 1849. He spends the next eight months in the Peter and Paul Fortress while the investigation is ongoing. In December of the same year, Fedor and his associates are awaiting the death penalty on Semyonovskaya Square. However, Nicholas I replaces this punishment with a 4-year hard labor. After this period, the writer is released, receives back the confiscated property and takes the rank of non-commissioned officer.

In 1857 Dostoevsky marries Maria Isaeva. However, this marriage does not bring him happiness. At the same time, he was working on two comic stories: "The Village of Stepanchikovo" and "Uncle's Dream". In 1859, he moved to live in St. Petersburg, intensively working both on his own articles and on other people's manuscripts. The novel "The Humiliated and Offended" is published. In 1862 the writer went abroad, visited France, Germany, England and other European countries. He leaves for the second time in 1863 and there he meets Apollinaria Suslova, with whom they develop a dramatic relationship. These relationships were reflected in the novels "The Gambler", "The Idiot" and some other works.

The return to Russia was marked by several sad events. First, his wife dies of consumption. Secondly, in 1866 the contract with the publishing house expires, which forces Dostoevsky to work on two novels at once: The Gambler and Crime and Punishment. In October of the same year, the stenographer Anna Snitkina appeared in the life of the writer, who later became his wife. This marriage is more successful than the previous one, from 1868 to 1875 they have 4 children. The popularity of the writer especially increases in the last years of his life. He becomes a corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences. In 1878, after the loss of his beloved son Alexei, he began to work on his final work, The Brothers Karamazov. Fyodor Dostoevsky died on February 9, 1881, at the age of 59, and was buried at the Tikhvin cemetery in St. Petersburg.