How to draw a stove with a pencil step by step? Drawing of a Russian stove for children
I have a house in the country, a wonderful old log house, with two stoves - one Russian, the other Dutch, we live in the house until deep winter. Once, in December, the weather turned out to be wonderful, on Thursday it was a little plus and the sun, and on Friday I decided to spit on everything and go to the village, alone, read books, take a steam bath. However, I forgot that I had already opened the house for the winter, that is, I opened the vents under the house, did not close the door from the summer half to the winter half, well, not that I forgot, but simply did not attach any importance - after all, it was pole three and the sun! When I arrived at the house, it was still warm, I flooded both stoves .... but in the evening, frost came in a place with the sun, I decided to heat the bathhouse on Saturday. I heated the stoves to "redness", it was impossible to touch them and it was quite warm .... but only above the knees and when I went to bed all the same, I realized my mistake - the house had cooled down and I would not warm it up in a day - the earth was under the house is cold. Foolishly, I went to sleep on an ordinary bed that was at knee level from the floor, but I had to lie on top of the stove. But I have already forgotten such simple survival skills, or rather did not attach any importance! At night, the temperature dropped to minus 17, in short, I have not been so cold since the army!
Why do we humans need fire? It would seem that the answer is obvious, but ... in different countries it will be answered differently. In hot Africa, fire is needed to cook food ... and that's it, they make fire on the street so as not to start a fire, because there is nothing worse than a fire in Africa! :-)))
In winter in Russia or somewhere else, where there is winter and the snow does not melt, heat is needed for completely different reasons. Of course, cooking is very important. But even more important is warmth during sleep, precisely at sleep time, since during movement you can warm yourself in clothes, but in a dream, if there are no fur clothes, and on the street minus ten nothing will save - you will die and you will not notice! It is also very important to wash yourself in warmth, with warm water, you won’t get a lot of snow! And so fire is food, warmth, purity, in other words, this is life! They can tell me that there are tribes of northern peoples where people live practically without fire ..... well, no, they have fire and they use it correctly and skillfully, and most importantly, they did not create a civilization, they live like no one else of us will not want to live, and most importantly, will not be able to!
I propose to start the study of people's ability to use fire from "civilized" countries - from Europe. Where European rich and smart people lived - in castles, of course, and in a castle, of course, the source of fire is a fireplace.
Here is a classic castle fireplace, real! Can you guess what it's for? Let's take a look at the fireplaces...
I will immediately tell my version so that people do not torment with reflections - a fireplace is a device for using fire for cooking and nothing more !!!
Is it possible to heat such a hall with such a fire? No!!! But it’s easy to cook food, except for one thing, you can’t bake bread in the fireplace, it’s bad to get ahead of yourself, but .... how is it that Europeans lived without bread ??? We will deal with these separately.
So it turns out that in Europe, when castles were built, it was so warm that there were enough fireplaces for cooking? I propose to try to deal with the problem of heating on the example of the winter palace, because this palace is the result of the window that Peter the first cut through to Europe!
The history of heating the Winter Palace is dark, the first mentions speak of stove heating, however, it is said that braziers were brought into the chambers to heat the royal bodies. These are or even more beautiful, but it doesn’t get warmer from them!
When describing stove heating in the 18th century, for the first time, a mention of a Dutch stove appears, of course, everyone immediately imagines such a stove ...
Even the description of the heating of the Kremlin chambers speaks of stoves that look very similar to the Dutch ones... 
But if you dig a little deeper and look for old Dutch stoves, it turns out they are completely different - this is a cast-iron stove, like a potbelly stove, and later, similar stoves, light and warm, began to be made of bricks and, most importantly, they can be installed just like real Dutch stoves in the corner of the room, embedding them where heating was not provided before!
These are real Dutch ovens! By the way, in Europe they are called "Russians" for some reason.
This photo is especially interesting - this is the fort of Sevastopol, it can be seen that stove heating was not provided for during construction, potbelly stoves were inserted (but I wonder why potbelly stoves?) They called them Dutch stoves and began to at least somehow heat the premises, before there was a hospital!
Well, how, after all, was the issue of heating in the Winter Palace resolved? First, after the stove heating, there was a terrible fire, everything burned down, and then they made the central one - first air, and then water - like now, a boiler room, batteries. All in the mind! fireplaces were left for beauty.
But let's get back to the fireplaces ... the very name of the fireplace suggests that it was made of stone, pay attention to the photo where the fire burns in the old fireplace - the walls and bottom in the fireplace are protected by iron plates and the fire is far from the walls of the fireplace. This is because with strong heating, the stone expands and bursts, the masonry suffers and the fireplace collapses.
Here is a modern fireplace - the fire is close to the walls, but the walls are lined with refractory bricks or the fireplace itself is cast iron, and decorative bricks are only lined around.
I think we need to dive into deep antiquity and see how people mastered fire, how it all began.
This is a proto-furnace, the mother and father of all furnaces! It's easier than a hearth!
Pay attention to the logic of the reenactors - clay pots stand on the surface of this primitive furnace - ceramics, which require firing to be made, and for this the furnace is much more difficult. That's how gradually the inversion of the brain occurs .... well, this is such a lyrical digression! What can such an oven do? Heating? Yes, of course, especially if the house is not like that, but a little more than a stove, and if you lie on top of it, it will be quite warm, you won’t die from the cold overnight! Is it possible to cook in it, I think it is possible but very difficult! The fact that the pots are on top does not mean that the water will boil, for cooking, the pot must be placed inside! Can you wash? Well, in principle, you can probably heat the water and wash in some places in a warm room! That is, this is a prototype of a universal oven !!! One thing is bad - there is no chimney and smoke goes up to the ceiling. But people are smart creatures and of course they began to look for solutions ....
This is almost a Russian oven! What could be worse than smoke in the house - only a fire! 
This is a real stove that is molded from clay in a few hours, a brick is not needed. Such stoves were widely used in winter quarters as early as the beginning of the 20th century, and in the 19th century many houses in the Russian village were still heated on black, that is, there was no chimney and the smoke was drawn into a special vent. The next step to civilization in winter conditions is a brick, it is needed to make a pipe and it is needed very much! I think that such a stove, without which it is impossible to live in winter, became the progenitor of the entire current civilization. Logic needs clarification...
How such a furnace was made - a skeleton was woven from branches, it was covered with clay, allowed to dry, then again and again, and then drowned and heated. I assume that it all started as historians describe - the fire was hard to get and it had to be protected and carried, they made a basket that was coated with clay from the inside, the clay burned and became hard and refractory and waterproof, and this is naturally easy to notice .... well, gone and gone.
The technology for making bricks is so simple and natural that it was impossible not to invent it only in hot, hot Africa. Most likely, they tried to make the first kilns from raw brick - they made a kiln out of it, it was burned, and then they began to do the firing on purpose. The only question is clay and sand. Here in a film about the Victorian era (this is the end of the 19th century) on a farm, people already quite calmly burned bricks as much as they needed for their small needs: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iGyqrgqjSFE
And so the famous Russian stove was born!
Pay attention to its device - this is essentially the same clay oven, but only with a pipe!
What gives the Russian oven - everything you need for a simple life, you can cook in the oven, even bake bread. You can even wash inside if the oven is large.
A very important nuance - when burning such a stove, it is mainly the top that is heated - where all the heat goes, it was an inconvenience, since the bottom of the stove remained cold and all the warm air went up, so they slept on the floor. Only in 1920 did a Russian engineer come up with an improvement - a firebox from the side with a hob, thanks to which it was possible to cook on the stove and the side wall was heated! That is, the Russian stove took its final form in the 20s of the 20th century.
I specifically learned how Russian noble estates were heated, that is, the housing of wealthy people, but still not palaces. It turned out like this - they made a stove for four rooms like what we now call a large Dutch stove, such a stove was located in the middle, and was heated from one room. How does a Dutch brick oven differ from a Russian stove - in function, it is the only one - to give heat.
Thus, it turns out that if space heating is needed, then it is not difficult, if there was clay and sand, you make bricks, but stoves out of bricks!
And what about ancient Rome and China? It turns out very interesting! And in China and in Rome, it turns out the heating system was the same type of underfloor heating!
But "ancient China".
Such a house is called "ondol" and the photo shows a completely modern house built in the 20th century! They heat and cook outside on one side, the smoke goes under the floor and exits through a small chimney on the other side. In ancient Rome and ancient China it is the same, and I met an interesting reservation that this method is called "Russian", like that, but I can't vouch for it!
But most importantly, for those who have not yet understood what I'm talking about...
If floors are laid on this proto-furnace instead of pots, then this will be a Roman-Chinese warm floor !!!
About the fantasies of historians about the ancient Roman bath, where with such a firebox both the floor and the water in the pool were heated, and so on, I’m already silent, although Turkish baths are the same Roman ones, I didn’t notice the difference, but in Turkish baths everything is a little different, more complicated .
And how they washed in the baths of Europe - simply, in an ordinary Russian bath, as we are all used to! With a good Russian brick sauna stove!
There is not much left to deal with the kitchen, everything is clear with Russian cuisine, but where it is hot they take the stove outside, even in Ukraine where it snows in winter, as a rule there are summer kitchens, not to mention Uzbekistan. Where it is hot, stoves are not needed in the house! In extreme cases, there are potbelly stoves. 
What happens? Fireplaces are completely unsuitable for heating large rooms, but are needed only for cooking and are essentially a primitive hearth where they cook on an open fire. The development of stoves is a rapid improvement that reached its peak in the 20th century. Where there is no urgent need for warmth to survive, the development of stoves has remained at a sufficient but primitive level - to bake bread and other goodies of national cuisine! That is, if you do not take seriously the antiquity of Rome and China, but write them in the 18th century, just in terms of the level of furnace technology, then everything is fine! The only thing .... fireplaces, how does it turn out that earlier in Europe it was warm and it was possible to build large rooms of stone and not heat, but in the 19th century, after the first fires of inept stokers, they began to seriously deal with stoves ??? Yes, and in Russia the same picture is obtained, if the furnace was formed only in the 19th century, what kind of development of Siberia in the 16th century can we talk about .... well, or was it warm ??? Some questions and no links, however ...
Where to begin
Considering the question of how to draw a stove, you should start with a simple pencil sketch:
- The main proportions and dimensions are marked.
- The base of the furnace is drawn, resembling a house.
- Added pipe and brickwork on it.
- A semicircular hole is outlined (this is a cavity for cooking food).
- Technological openings are planned - so that smoke does not enter the house.
- Appropriate details are added - a poker next to the stove, a towel, a blanket, brickwork, firewood under the stove, etc.
- Erase extra construction lines with an eraser.
Thus, it becomes clear how to draw a stove. A pencil sketch can be finished with a pencil - add volume to the object due to neat shading. You can also paint the stove yourself or give it to a child to color.
The task of how to draw a stove in a hut is more creative and implies an understanding of perspective. In addition to the object itself, you need to add a floor, wall, window or door. It should be borne in mind that it is better to draw wooden floors and walls. Self-woven rugs and simple curtains serve as decorations in such a hut.
How to add work
Depending on the task, the Russian stove in the picture can be supplemented with adults, kids, fairy-tale characters, elements of magic, or just cozy details (a rug, a samovar, pies, etc.). In addition, mushrooms, berries, and plants were often hung to dry next to the stove, so they can also be used in your work. In children's drawings, any child's fantasy can act as a background.
After reading this article, the question of how to draw a stove should not be difficult. The finished work can be hung on the wall or made into a postcard.
In the modern world, it is used less and less. Previously, not a single house could do without it - it both warmed the inhabitants and served as a cooking place. She also appears in many fairy tales and cartoons, for example, the heroes lie on her and gain strength, and Emelya even traveled on the stove. In this article, we will consider how to draw a stove to make the drawing beautiful and interesting.
Materials and techniques
Before you start drawing, you need to choose the technique and suitable materials. Gouache is also best suited for children's creativity. The child is interested in drawing bright multi-colored drawings. For an adult, the choice of materials is wider - a simple pencil, charcoal, pastel, watercolor or
Where to begin
Considering the question of how to draw a stove, you should start with a simple pencil sketch:
- The main proportions and dimensions are marked.
- The base of the furnace is drawn, resembling a house.
- Added pipe and brickwork on it.
- A semicircular hole is outlined (this is a cavity for cooking food).
- Technological openings are planned - so that smoke does not enter the house.
- Appropriate details are added - a poker next to the stove, a towel, a blanket, brickwork, firewood under the stove, etc.
- Erase extra construction lines with an eraser.
Thus, it becomes clear how to draw a stove. A pencil sketch can be finished with a pencil - add volume to the object due to neat shading. You can also paint the stove yourself or give it to a child to color.
The task of how to draw a stove in a hut is more creative and implies an understanding of perspective. In addition to the object itself, you need to add a floor, wall, window or door. It should be borne in mind that it is better to draw wooden floors and walls. Self-woven rugs and simple curtains serve as decorations in such a hut.
How to add work
Depending on the task, the Russian stove in the picture can be supplemented with adults, kids, fairy-tale characters, elements of magic, or just cozy details (a rug, a samovar, pies, etc.). In addition, mushrooms, berries, and plants were often hung to dry next to the stove, so they can also be used in your work. In children's drawings, any child's fantasy can act as a background.
After reading this article, the question of how to draw a stove should not be difficult. The finished work can be hung on the wall or made into a postcard.
The best option for heating a country house is a real Russian stove with a pattern. It can become indispensable, especially if the house will not be used all year round. With its help, you can not only heat the room, but also heat water, dry fruits collected on the site, cook tasty and healthy food.
The functions of the Russian stove are varied. But do not forget about the interior. The building occupies a significant part of the room, so you should pay attention to its decoration - do the facing or painting of the Russian stove with your own hands.
The first step is surface preparation. First of all, the walls of the new furnace are covered with a layer of plaster, then coated with clay. If it is old and the plaster falls off in places, you need to re-plaster these places. You should choose a special, heat-resistant plaster, you can buy it or make it yourself.
The treated surface is left to dry. This process can take up to two days. Less is not needed, as the plaster may not dry out, and then it will quickly fall off.
After two days, the stove is heated at least three times. This is necessary in order for the clay layer to become as strong as possible. But at first, the oven should not be heated much: its walls should become slightly warm.
If the old plaster holds up well, it only needs to be cleaned of dirt and soot. Soot stains are well removed with a metal brush or dishcloth. To remove greasy traces from the surface, a caustic solution (2%) is used. Rust stains are removed with a solution of copper sulfate in the proportion of 100 g of powder and 1 liter of water.
Methods for whitewashing the oven
After preparing the surface, the question arises of how and with what it is possible to whitewash the stove in the country. Traditional options that came from the depths of centuries are lime or chalk.
Lime is good because it is harmless to humans, resistant to high temperatures. Lime whitewashing of the stove is non-toxic, it can be used even in rooms with high humidity and in a bathhouse.
Lime powder must be diluted with saline to the state of liquid sour cream. Salt will make the coating strong and not prone to cracking.
A liter of diluted lime is enough to paint 2 square meters. m area. If drops fall on the floor, they can be easily washed off, the main thing is to do it quickly, before the lime has eaten.
Do-it-yourself whitewashing with chalk allows you to get a bright white beautiful color. Lack of coating - when in contact with the surface, white marks remain on the clothes.
It is advised to dilute it not with water, but with milk. To make the coating stronger and not “whitewash”, you can add wood glue.
The powder is sifted and diluted in milk, mixed, additional components are added. The mixture with lime is heated, avoiding boiling, until all components are completely dissolved. The resulting solution must be filtered and only then proceed to staining.
To whitewash the stove, you can use a roller or a wide fly brush. Before bleaching, it is not necessary to drown it - it should be cold.
First, the surface is moistened with water and the first layer is applied. To paint a wall without streaks, it is applied horizontally. Without waiting for the complete drying of the first layer, apply the second, but already horizontally. The whitewash should be left to dry completely, and only then proceed to applying a pattern or ornament to the stove.
Painting
Initially, beautiful Russian stoves were white, as if symbolizing the purity of the thoughts of the owners of the house. But in the modern world, stoves have not been in every home for a long time, and therefore the meaning has gradually been forgotten. For many, just a white stove seems uninteresting, so they often make an unusual painting of stoves.
In order to paint the stove with your own hands, you do not need to be a great artist. Now it is enough to choose the right stencil. It can be found in the store - a stencil for painting walls. Another option to make a stencil for a stove is to find any image and print it on thick paper. The stencil is fixed on the surface of the oven with adhesive tape (or, if the stencil is "purchased", it already has a self-adhesive base). Then it is transferred to the surface with a colored pencil.
If you are faced with such work for the first time, it is better to choose a simple pattern for a Russian stove. National patterns may be the best option: they will look harmoniously on the stove, and besides, they consist of separate simple elements that can be easily mastered.
You can paint the pattern using whitewash, to which a dye is added. It can be simple gouache, but it is better to purchase acrylic paints, which withstand heat much better.
The drawing itself is applied using ordinary art brushes of various sizes.
After the drawing on the Russian stove is ready, it is not recommended to heat for at least two days so that the paint can dry.
Photo gallery
Furnace lining
In the old days, in rich houses, stoves were covered with tiles, but now they are almost completely out of use: tiles are more often used to line Russian stoves in a summer cottage.
You can also do it by hand. First, a layer of plaster is removed from the walls. The surface is covered with a mesh, fixed with dowels. Then a layer of a mixture of cement and clay is applied. Using a level, level the surface so that it is perfectly smooth. After that, the stove is well heated so that the mixture “seizes” and hardens.
After that, you can proceed to the surface cladding. The tile is laid and fixed with an adhesive mixture. During the facing of the furnace, one cannot do without such a tool as a tile cutter - it will be needed for cutting tiles. The last stage of work is grouting. This requires a special mixture, but you can use the same one that was used for gluing. On this, the cladding work is considered completed.
It is enough to make a little effort - and the result will be a beautiful Russian stove, which will become not only a "way of heating", but also the real soul of a country house.
Many city dwellers can hardly imagine life without gas, spoiled by central heating, we are frightened of the stove and do not have a very good idea how to use it.
In fact, the stove is closer to us than we think. Since ancient times, the stove in the house has been his warm and loving heart.
Our ancestors not only cooked in the oven, they bathed in it, treated themselves, carried babies, prepared brides for the wedding and provided rest for the elderly. 
Love for the stove bench is associated with another feature of the Russian stove - it warms up only from the hearth (a shelf in front of the mouth of the stove), because of this, the floor always remains cold. Therefore, in winter, they wore felt boots in the house, and they slept higher from the floor.
A well-known saying is connected with the hearth of the furnace - "every cricket know your hearth." Which said that the cricket living in the hearth under the hearth is right and decent, but if the cricket crawled higher, a severe punishment awaited him.
Because the crucible of the Russian stove is large, it was often used as a bath. The warm stove was cleaned of ash and soot, lined with straw and climbed inside. From the ashes they made lye - soapy water, and they bathed with it.
Washing in the oven is a rare pleasure, although it looks like a picture from a fairy tale - children were put in the oven on a wooden shovel, just like Baba Yaga did. Moreover, if there was a choice - to wash in a bathhouse or in a stove, the choice was for the stove - after all, the stove in the house is always already heated.
We all know the expression: "We will dance from the stove." It has an interesting history - the settlers who arrived in the new lands of the vast expanses of Rus' often did not enjoy the love of the old-timers. They built their own houses, but the newcomers were not welcome, their houses were destroyed in revenge. There was one rule that gave the right to join an existing community - to build a house and heat the stove in a day.
The construction of the house began with the stove, and all subsequent measurements of the house were made from it. These movements from the stove to the sides were a kind of “dance”. Often they managed to flood the stove in a day, when the house around it was built very “conditionally”. 
But that was enough - new people valued not only diligence, but also ingenuity. Therefore, if you are faced with an unbearably difficult task that must be completed by all means, dance from the stove. 
Modern stoves are equipped not only with convenient stoves and ovens, but have built-in water tanks that serve as the basis of the heating system for the house.
Often the oven doors are made of heat-resistant glass, which allows you to admire the live fire.
The old masters made each stove for the hostess - after all, it was she who would have to work at the stove all day. The dimensions of the furnace were determined by the size of the hostess herself. 
So the height of the stove vault was calculated as follows - the hostess was sat on a chair and the distance from the seat to the top button of the blouse - this is the right size. The height of the mouth of the furnace should be equal to the width of the hostess's shoulders, and the width of the mouth should be 10 cm more. 
The height of the stove is equal to the height of the hostess plus two matchboxes. The width of the six is equal to the size from the elbow to the tip of the outstretched fingers. 
The stove includes not only the brickwork itself, but also “stoves-benches”. The largest extension was golbets, it was actually a closet with all kinds of shelves. The surface of the roof, together with the flooring of the golbets, formed a spacious couch. 
"It's good to lie on the stove - the legs are in a warm place." The owner, who had frozen during the day, could quickly put the bones in order on the stove, not without reason the people said: "It's a hot summer on the stove in winter." 
“Though do not feed for three days, but do not drive from the oven.” A healthy man lying on the stove deserved condemnation. “If the peasant did not lie on the stove, he would equip ships across the sea.” 
What could drive a person from such an attractive furnace? “Happiness will come, but it will drive it out of the oven.” 
If you are interested in how to make an oven with your own hands, then you can use ready-made drawings of laying furnaces, which are made by experienced stove-makers and comply with SNiPs.
The stove in the house is a symbol of vitality, healing and unifying energies of the family. In the evening, from the fire in the stove, the hostess lit candles in the house with a prayer - this was an important moment at that time it was impossible to cry, swear, kiss and sing.
The living fire in the furnace, according to our ancestors, is a living creature that must be respected and cared for. It was sacrilege to fill the fire in the furnace with water or, God forbid, to spit in the furnace. 
The fire did not allow the owners to mindlessly share coals from the stove - cheerful owners do not go for coals. This prohibition was especially in effect on the first day of spring plowing, when the harvest and well-being of the family were laid for the whole year. 
Experienced housewives tried to appease the fire in the oven by always offering the first spoons to the fire or throwing the first pancake into the oven. 
Any dream in which there was a fire or a furnace foreshadowed a joyful event and the ability to hold one's fate in one's hands. 
Wedding ceremonies are also closely connected with the stove; at the end of the wedding, the guests were served a pot of porridge, and when the pot was empty, one of the guests broke it on the stove with the words: “How many shards, so many children.” 
It was believed that the way the fire behaved in the furnace could predict the future. 
If you hit a coal that has fallen out of the oven with a poker, then a large number of sparks portends wealth, if there are few sparks, then your luck does not depend on material wealth. 
The housewives guessed not only by fire, but also by bread baked on cabbage leaves. After the bread was taken out of the oven and the sheet was removed, the imagination could draw its magical pictures from the imprint on the bottom of the loaf. 
“You can’t go to the forest, you’ll freeze on the stove” - a good owner has a stock of firewood prepared for 2-3 years. During this time, the firewood dries up properly and burns hot without soot in the oven. Less thrifty owners were forced to heat with freshly cut damp firewood, which flared up poorly, smoked and spoiled the stove with dampness. 
Whichever stove design you choose for your home, a lot will depend on your ingenuity, diligence and inquisitiveness - after all, most stoves were laid out by ordinary ordinary people who did not have wide access to information as in modern times.