Cooking

Weep 3 forms of the verb. Irregular English verbs. Verbs with -d changed to -t

Verb- this is an independent part of speech that answers the questions what to do ?, what to do? (be, learn, dream, go…)

According to the method of formation of past tense forms (V2) and past participles (V3), all English verbs are divided into 2 groups: regular (Regular Verbs) and irregular verbs (Irregular verbs).

The English verb has three forms. The verb forms are denoted by Roman numerals I, II, III.

I form(or an infinitive without to), for example: to make (to do) - make - the first, or main form that answers the question what to do ?, what to do? With the help of the first form of the verb, the Present Simple Tense is formed. When forming Present Simple Tense, the ending is added to the I form of the verb in the 3rd person singular (he, she, it - he, she, it) -s or -es(he jumpes, she jumpes, it jumpes, he cries, she cries, it cries, he does, she does, it does) . With the rest of the pronouns (I, we, you, you, they - I, we, you, you, they), the I form of the verb is used unchanged.

II form serves to form the simple past tense (Past Simple Tense). When forming the simple past tense, both regular and irregular verbs are used. Regular verbs form II and III forms by adding the suffix form I to the stem –ed(jump - jumped - jump - jumped) . If the verb is not regular, then its past tense form corresponds to the second column in the table of irregular verbs (be - was / were, do - did, make - made).

III form- Participle II (Participle II) - a special form of the verb that denotes a sign of an object by action and answers the questions of an adjective (lost, baked, done). For regular verbs III, the form coincides with II: jump (I) - jumped (II) - jumped (III) (jump - jumped - jumped). II and III forms of irregular verbs can be formed in various ways, indicated below.

Regular verbs

Regular verbs form II and III forms by adding the suffix form I to the stem – ed (- d), which is pronounced like:

[ d] after vowels and voiced consonants: to clean (clean) - cleaned (cleaned); to play (play) - played (played);
[ t] after the deaf: to work (work) - worked (worked), to look (watch) - looked (looked);
after [d] And [t]: to want (want) - wanted (wanted), to mend (repair) - mended (repaired).

When forming II and III forms of verbs, pay attention to the following spelling rules:

If the I form is a short root syllable and ends with one consonant, then when adding the ending –ed the last vowel of the root is doubled: to stop (stop) - sto pped(has stopped).
-y, preceded by a consonant, the letter y changes to i: to carry (carry) - carried (carried), to study (learn) - studied (studied). But if the stem of the verb ends in -y, which is preceded by a vowel, then the stem of the verb is simply added - ed: to play (play) - played (played), to stay (stay) - stayed (stayed).
If the stem of the verb ends in -e, which is not pronounced, then the II and III forms of the verb are formed by adding the ending - d: to arrive (arrive) - arrived (arrived).

Irregular Verbs

Irregular Verbs- these are verbs that have special, fixed forms of the past tense and participles, their forms do not have a clear education algorithm and are learned by memorizing: to make (to do) - made (done) - made (done). Most English irregular verbs are native English, derived from verbs that existed in Old English. Most irregular verbs exist as remnants of historical systems of conjugation (changing the verb by person - I'm coming, you're coming, he's coming...).

Irregular verbs are used to form the past simple (Past Simple), present perfect (Present Simple), past perfect tense (Past Perfect), in the passive voice (Passive voice), when converting direct speech into indirect (Reported speech), in conditional sentences ( conditional sentences).

table of irregular verbs

Infinitive		past tense		Past Participle		Translation
arise	[ə"raiz]	arose	[ə"rəuz]	arisen	[ə"riz(ə)n]	arise, appear
wake up	[ə"weik]	awoke	[ə"wəuk]	awoken	[ə"wəukən]	wake up, wake up
be		was, were	,	been		be
bear		bore		born		give birth, bring
beat		beat		beaten	["bi:tn]	beat
become		became		become		become
begin		started		begun		start off)
bend		bent		bent		bend, bend
bind		bound		bound		bind
bite		bit		bitten	["bɪtn]	bite)
bleed		bled		bled		bleed
blow		blew		blown		blow
break		broke		broken	["broukən]	break)
breed		bred		bred		bring up
bring		brought		brought		bring
build		built		built		build
burn		burnt		burnt		burn, burn
burst		burst		burst		explode, explode
buy		bought		bought		buy
cast		cast		cast		throw, pour (metal)
catch		caught		caught		catch, seize
choose		chose		chosen	["tʃouzən]	choose, pick
come		came		come		come
cost		cost		cost		cost
cut		cut		cut		cut
dig		arc		arc		dig, dig
do		did		done		do
draw		drew		drawn		draw, draw
dream		dream		dream		dream, dream
drink		drank		drunk		drink
drive		drove		driven	["drɪvən]	drive
eat		ate		eaten	["i:tn]	There is
fall		fell		fallen	["fɔ:lən]	fall
feed		fed		fed		feed
feel		felt		felt		feel
fight		fought		fought		fight
find		found		found		find
fit		fit		fit		fit in size
fly		flew		flown		fly
forget		forgot		forgotten		forget
forgive		forgave		forgiven		forgive
freeze		frozen		frozen	["frouzən]	freeze
get		got		got		receive
give		gave		given	["gɪvən]	give
go		went		gone		go, walk
grow		grew		grown		grow
hang		hung		hung		hang, hang
have		had		had		have
hear		heard		heard		hear
hide		hidden		hidden	["hɪdn]	hide
hit		hit		hit		hit the mark
hold		held		held		hold
hurt		hurt		hurt		hurt, bruise
keep		kept		kept		keep, save
kneel		knelt		knelt		kneel
knit		knit		knit		knit (knitting needles)
know		knew		known		know
lay		laid		laid		put
lead		led		led		lead, lead
lean		lean		lean		tilt
learn		learned		learned		learn
leave		left		left		leave, leave
lend		lent		lent		borrow, borrow
let		let		let		let
lie		lay		lain		lie
light		lit		lit		illuminate, ignite
lose		lost		lost		lose
make		made		made		do
mean		meant		meant		to mean
meet		met		met		meet
mistake		mistook		mistaken		make mistakes
pay		paid		paid		to pay
put		put		put		put, put
read		read		read		read
ride		rode		ridden	["rɪdn]	ride
ring		rank		rung		call, call
rise		rose		rising	["rɪzən]	get up
run		ran		run		run away
say		said		said		speak
see		saw		seen		see
seek		sought		sought		search
sell		sold		sold		sell
send		sent		sent		send
set		set		set		put, put
shake	[ʃeɪk]	shook	[ʃʊk]	shaken	["ʃeɪkən]	shake
shine	[ʃaɪn]	shone	[ʃoun, ʃɒn]	shone	[ʃoun, ʃɒn]	to shine, shine, shine
shoot	[ʃu:t]	shot	[ʃɒt]	shot	[ʃɒt]	fire
show	[ʃou]	showed	[ʃoud]	shown	[ʃoun]	show
shrink	[ʃriŋk]	shrank	[ʃræŋk]	shrunk	[ʃrʌŋk]	sit down (about the material), decrease (sya), reduce (sya)
shut	[ʃʌt]	shut	[ʃʌt]	shut	[ʃʌt]	close
sing		sang		sung		sing
sink		sank		sunk		drown
sit		sat		sat		sit
sleep		slept		slept		sleep
smell		smelt		smelt		smell, smell
slide		slide		slide		slide
sow		sowed		sown		sow, sow
smell		smelled		smelled		smell, smell
speak		spoke		spoken	["spoukən]	speak
spell		spelt		spelt		to spell
spend		spent		spent		spend
spill		spilt		spilt		shed
sleep		spat		spat		spit
split		split		split		split
spoil		spoilt		spoilt		spoil
spread		spread		spread		spread
stand		stood		stood		stand
steal		stole		stolen	["stoulən]	steal
stick		stuck		stuck		to stick, to stick, to stick
sting		stung		stung		sting
strike		struck		struck		hit, strike
striving		strove		striving	["strɪvn]	try, strive
wear		swore		sworn		take an oath
sweep		swept		swept		revenge, sweep
swim		swam		swum		swim
take		took		taken	["teɪkən]	take, take
teach		taught		taught		learn
tear		tore		torn		tear
tell		told		told		tell
think	[θɪŋk]	thought	[θɔ:t]	thought	[θɔ:t]	think
throw	[θrou]	threw	[θru:]	thrown	[θroun]	throw
understand	[ʌndər "stænd]	understood	[ʌndər"stʊd]	understood	[ʌndər"stʊd]	understand
upset	[ʌp"set]	upset	[ʌp"set]	upset	[ʌp"set]	upset, upset (plans), upset
wake		woke		woken	["woukən]	wake up
wear		wore		worn		wear
weep		wept		wept		cry
wet		wet		wet		wet, moisturize
win		won		won		win, win
wind		wound		wound		writhing, winding, winding (clock)
write		wrote		written	["rɪtn]	write

How to remember forms of irregular verbs?

Irregular Verbs in English, these are verbs that have special forms (Past Simple) and (Past Participle). Among them there are both very common (feel - to feel, speak - to speak), and rare (cleave - to dissect, forswear - to renounce). The tables below show common irregular verbs.

Read also:

Despite the fact that irregular verbs change in a special way, they still have some regularity. In the table below, the verbs are given with translation and transcription and are distributed on the basis of matching forms:

Verbs AAA - all three forms are the same (cut - cut - cut, cut).
Verbs ABA - the 1st and 3rd forms coincide (run - ran - run, run).
ABB verbs - the 2nd and 3rd forms coincide (teach - taught - taught, teach).
ABC verbs - all forms are different (know - knew - known, know).

Inside the table, words are distributed not alphabetically, but by frequency, i.e. the higher the word, the more often it is used. Attached to the tables pdf files- they can be printed, pasted on cardboard and cut out cards for memorizing words.

Verbs like AAA: the same in three forms Download PDF
Translation	Infinitive	past simple	Past Participle
put	put	put	put
let	let	let	let
cut	cut	cut	cut
put (install)	set	set	set
bet	bet	bet	bet
throw (cast metal)	cast	cast	cast
cost	cost	cost	cost
beat	hit	hit	hit
to cause a pain	hurt	hurt	hurt
to knit	knit	knit	knit
stop	quit	quit	quit
distribute	spread	spread	spread
ABA type verbs: forms 1 and 3 are the same
run away	run	ran	run
come	come	came	come
become	become	became	become
ABB type verbs: forms 2 and 3 are the same
read	read	read	read
to teach (learn)	learn	learned (learned)	learned (learned)
think	think [θiŋk]	thought [θɔ:t]	thought [θɔ:t]
to teach (teach)	teach	taught	taught
smell (smell)	smell	smelt	smelt
hear	hear	heard	heard
hold	hold	held	held
bring	bring	brought	brought
stand	stand	stood	stood
lose (lose)	lose	lost	lost
meet	meet	met	met
lead	lead	led	led
understand	understand [ʌndə'stænd]	understood [ʌndə'stud]	understood [ʌndə'stud]
win	win	won	won
buy	buy	bought	bought
send	send	sent	sent
sell	sell	sold	sold
catch	catch	caught	caught kɔ:t]
fight	fight	fought	fought
put (put)	lay	laid	laid
sit	sit	sat	sat
bind	bind	bound	bound
bleed	bleed	bled	bled
build	build	built	built
burn	burn	burnt	burnt
deal with	deal	dealt	dealt
dig	dig	arc	arc
feed	feed	fed	fed
hang	hang	hung	hung
hide	hide	hidden	hidden [‘hɪdn]
lean	lean	lean (leaned)	lean (leaned)
lend (to someone)	lend	lent	lent
illuminate	light	lit	lit
ride	ride	rode	ridden [‘rɪdn]
sew	sew	sewed	sewed (sewn)
write or spell	spell	spelt	spelt
shed	spill	spilt	spilt
spit	sleep	spat (spit)	spat (spit)
spoil	spoil	spoilt	spoilt
stick	stick	stuck	stuck
strike	strike	struck	struck
sweep	sweep	swept	swept
cry	weep	wept	wept
twist	wind	wound	wound
Type verbsABC: all shapes are different
go	go	went	gone
know	know	knew	known
take	take	took	taken [‘teik(ə)n]
see	see	saw	seen
give	give	gave	given
write	write	wrote	written [‘ritn]
speak	speak	spoke	spoken [‘spouk(e)n]
drive a car	drive	drove	driven [‘driven]
break	break	broke	broken ['brouk(e)n]
wear clothes)	wear	wore	worn
There is	eat	ate	eaten [‘i:tn]
drink	drink	drank	drunk
draw (pull)	draw	drew	drawn
steal	steal	stole	stolen [‘stəulən]
throw	throw [θrəu]	threw [θru:]	thrown [θrəun]
blow	blow	blew	blown
fall	fall	fell	fallen [‘fɔ:lən]
start off	begin	started	begun
forget	forget	forgot	forgotten
forgive	forgive	forgave	forgiven
fly	fly	flew	flown
freeze (freeze)	freeze	frozen	frozen [‘frouzn]
grow	grow	grew	grown
call	ring	rank	rung
shake	shake [ʃeik]	shook [ʃuk]	shaken [‘ʃeik(ə)n]
sing	sing	sang	sung
stink	stink	stank (stunk)	stun
try	striving	strove	striving [‘strɪvn]
to swear	wear	swore	sworn
tear	tear	tore	torn
wake	wake	woke	woken [‘wouk(e)n]

Pay attention to the words read And wind. In the 2nd and 3rd forms, read is read as . And the verb wind - to twist, should not be confused with the noun wind - wind.

The Ten Most Basic Irregular Verbs

Among the commonly used irregular verbs, one can distinguish the most basic. They need to be known first. Start learning verbs from them, not in alphabetical order. You can learn them literally in 5-10 minutes.

Translation	Infinitive (1st form)	Past Simple (2nd form)	Past Participle (3rd form)
go	go	went	gone
know	know	knew	known
think	think [θiŋk]	thought [θɔ:t]	thought [θɔ:t]
take	take	took	taken [‘teik(ə)n]
see	see	saw	seen
give	give	gave	given
write	write	wrote	written [‘ritn]
speak	speak	spoke	spoken [‘spouk(e)n]
hear	hear	heard	heard
buy	buy	bought	bought

These verbs need to be learned first

Notes:

Over time, some verbs from irregular have almost turned into regular ones. For example, even in not very old textbooks it is written that the verb to work- incorrect, it has the form: work - wrought - wrought. Now form wrought almost never used, except in established expressions like "wrought iron" (forged iron), so I did not include it in this table.
Verbs to learn(learn), to lean(lean) are also more often used as correct ones: learned, leaned, especially in the USA.
Pay attention to forms read-read-read. The word is spelled the same but pronounced differently.
Don't confuse the verb wind(twist) and noun wind- wind. They are spelled the same but have different pronunciations and meanings.
In the British version, the verbs sew pronounced like

Our topic today is an acquaintance with such an interesting phenomenon as the forms of irregular verbs. As you know, the English language is very cunning. This language often lays all sorts of traps for us. One of them is irregular verbs. English is not the only language that has irregular verbs. French is also rich in irregular verbs.

Three or four forms of irregular English verbs?

Romanian, German, Latin, Greek also contain irregular verbs. And even the Russian language is replete with them. I think you have repeatedly heard about irregular verbs in English, in other words, Irregular Verbs. Why are such verbs called irregular? Everything is very simple: in the past tense they are conjugated in their own way, have their own special form, while all other verbs in the past tense have the ending -ed.

For comparison, let's conjugate 3 regular regular verbs in the simple past tense (Past Simple):

*work-* ra		sing
I worked	I translated	I managed
You worked	you translated	You managed
He worked	He translated	He managed
She worked	She translated	She managed
It worked	It translated	It managed
We worked	We translated	We managed
They worked	they translated	They managed

As you can see, all 3 verbs are conjugated in the same way, according to the scheme stem + ending -ed.

The situation is quite different in the case of irregular verbs. We conjugate 3 more verbs in the simple past tense (Past Simple), which are incorrect, and here pay attention to the fact that each of these verbs has its own, completely different form at the end or even at the root of the word:

*blow-* blow	*go-* go	*bring-* bring
I blew	I went	I brought
You blew	You went	You brought
He blew	He went	He brought
She blew	She went	She brought
It blew	It went	It brought
We blew	We went	We brought
They blew	They went	They brought

Even to the naked eye it is clear that each of these verbs appeared in its own, completely different from the others, form. The catch is that there is no specific rule by which you can find out the form of an irregular verb. Each of them hides in their own way. The English language, friends, is full of tricky things and underwater reefs. Another catch is that each irregular verb has not one form, but three.

Three forms of irregular verbs

So what are these three forms?

The first is the infinitive or initial (indefinite) form of the verb
The second is Past Participle I, that is, the form that corresponds to the simple past tense (Past Simple), it is also used in the 2nd and 3rd cases of the conditional mood (Conditional of the 2-d and of the 3-d case)
The third is Past Participle II, the one that is used in the perfect present tense (Present Perfect) and in the past tense (Past Perfect). The same form is used in the Passive Voice, Conditional of the 3-d case, and some other grammatical rules.

Here are some examples of 3 forms of irregular verbs:

To arise - arose - arisen - rise
To be - was, were - been - to be
To bear - bore - born - give birth
To become - became - become - become, become
To begin - began - begun - begin
To catch - caught - caught - catch, catch
To choose - chose - chosen - choose
To dig - dug - dug - dig, dig
To dream - dream - dream - dream, dream
To feel - felt - felt - feel
To forget - forgot - forgotten - forget
To have - had - had - to have

Now let's look at these 3 forms using examples of sentences in all of the above tenses of verbs.

So, the simple past tense of the verb (Past Simple Tense):

Yesterday she felt(self-bad) to feel). She felt bad yesterday. Last Wednesday we met Jim ( to meet). We met Jim last Wednesday. Last night I dream you ( to dream). “I dreamed about you last night. I was in Paris last year ( to be) — I was in Paris last year.

Perfect present tense of the verb (Present Perfect Tense):

I have just seen him ( to see). “I just saw him. Tom has already brought my books ( to bring). Tom has already brought my books. Have you ever been in London to be)? - Have you ever been in London? Ann has already forgotten her boy-friend( to forget).- Anna has already forgotten her boyfriend.

The past tense of the verb (Past Perfect Tense):

I noticed that I had forgotten my keys( to forget). — I noticed that I forgot my keys. He understood that he had lost his documents ( to lose). He realized that he had lost his papers.

Passive voice (Passive Voice):

The dog is fed by me ( to feed). The dog is fed by me (I fed the dog). Made in France ( to make). - Made in France.

Conditional mood of the 2nd and 3rd cases (Conditional). Here are the second and third forms:

If I had money, I would buy a car to have). - If I had money, I would buy a car (real condition). If I had money, I would have bought a car ( to have, to buy).- If I had money, I would buy a car (unreal condition, past tense).

How to learn all forms of irregular verbs?

Irregular Verbs Cheat Sheet

As mentioned above, there are no rules by which the forms of irregular verbs are formed, each has its own. But, we hope that this poetic form will help you quickly remember such irregular verbs:

To write-wrote-written
To eat-ate-eat
To speak-spoke-spoken
To break-broke-broken

To come-came-come
To become-became-become
To run-run-run
To swim swam swum

To know-knew-known
To throw-threw-thrown
To blow-blew-blown
To fly-flew-flown

Tossing-sang-sung
To ring-rang-rung
To hide-hid-hidden
To bite-bit-bitten

To send-sent-sent
To spend-spent-spent
To sleep-slept-slept
To keep-kept-kept

To tell-told-told
To sell-sold-sold
To teach-taught-taught
To catch-caught-caught

To fight-fought-fought
To think-thought-thought
To buy-bought-bought
To bring-brought-brought

To cut-cut-cut
To shut-shut-shut
To cost-cost-cost
To lose-lost-lost

To lead-led-led
To feed-fed-fed
To feel-felt-felt
To hold-held-held

From this funny poetic form, we see that some irregular verbs have the same letter combinations, which allows them to rhyme and thus make it easier for us to memorize them.

The "fourth" form of irregular verbs

There is a popular belief that there is also a 4th form of irregular verbs. This 4th configuration is formed according to the scheme base + ending -ing. It defines the Present Participle, that is, the present participle in tenses such as the present continuous (Present Continuous) and the past continuous (Past Continuous). In other words, this is the present and past tense of the imperfect form. It follows from this that there are not 3, but 4 forms of irregular verbs. But this 4th configuration is, as it were, unofficial.

I'll tell you a secret: regular and irregular verbs of the English language are the most "favorite" topic for teachers and students when studying English grammar. Fate wanted the most popular and frequently used words in English speech to be incorrect. For example, the famous phrase "to be or not to be" also contains exactly the wrong verb. And that's the beauty of the British :)

Just think for a second how great it would be to add an ending -ed to the main verbs and get the past tense. And now all English learners are prepared to participate in an exciting attraction - memorizing a convenient table of irregular English verbs with translation and transcription.

1. IRREGULAR VERBS

Meet their royal majesty irregular verbs. It won't take long to talk about them. You just need to accept and remember that each verb has its own forms. And it is almost impossible to find any logical connection. It remains only to put a table in front of you and learn how you once memorized the English alphabet.

It's good that there are verbs where all three forms coincide and are pronounced the same (put-put-put). But there are especially harmful forms that are written like twins, but are pronounced differently. (read - read - read ). Just like choosing only the best tea leaves of the best varieties for the royal tea party, we have collected the most used irregular verbs, arranged them alphabetically, visually conveniently arranged in a table - we did everything to make you smile and ... learn. In general, only conscientious cramming will save humanity from ignorance of English irregular verbs.

And to make memorization not so boring, you can create your own algorithms. For example, first write out all the verbs where the three forms match. Then those where the two forms coincide (most of them, by the way). Or, let's say, learn words today with the letter "b" (do not think bad), and tomorrow - with another. No limits to fantasy for lovers of English!

And without departing from the cash register, we suggest taking a test for knowledge of irregular verbs.

Table of irregular verbs in English with transcription and translation:

	indefinite form of the verb (Infinitive)	simple past tense (Past Simple)	past participle	Translation
1	abide [ə"baɪd]	abode [ə"bəud]	abode [ə"bəud]	stay, stick to something
2	arise [ə"raɪz]	arose [ə"rəuz]	arisen [ə "rɪz (ə) n]	arise, rise
3	awake [ə"weɪk]	awoke [ə"wəuk]	awoken [əˈwoʊkn]	wake up, wake up
4	be	was; were	been	to be, to be
5	bear	bore	born	wear, give birth
6	beat	beat	beaten ["bi:tn]	beat
7	become	became	become	become, become
8	fall	befell	befallen	happen
9	begin	started	begun	start off)
10	hold	beheld	beheld	look, notice
11	bend	bent	bent	bend(s), bend(s)
12	beseech	thought	thought	beg, beg
13	beset	beset	beset	surround, besiege
14	bet	bet	bet	bet
15	bid	bid	bid	bid, order, ask
16	bind	bound	bound	bind
17	bite	bit	bitten ["bɪtn]	bite)
18	bleed	bled	bled	bleed, bleed
19	blow	blew	blown	blow
20	break	broke	broken ["brəuk(ə)n]	break, break, break
21	breed	bred	bred	breed, breed, breed
22	bring	brought	brought	bring, bring
23	broadcast ["brɔːdkɑːst]	broadcast ["brɔːdkɑːst]	broadcast ["brɔːdkɑːst]	broadcast, distribute
24	build	built	built	build, build
25	burn	burnt	burnt	burn, burn
26	burst	burst	burst	explode)
27	buy	bought	bought	buy
28	can	could	could	be able to physically
29	cast	cast	cast	throw, pour (metal)
30	catch	caught	caught	catch, seize
31	choose [ʧuːz]	chose [ʧuːz]	chosen ["ʧəuz(ə)n]	choose
32	cling	clung	clung	stick, cling, cling
33	cleave	cleft	cloven ["kləuv(ə)n]	cut, split
34	clothes	clothed	clothed	dress, dress
35	come	came	come [ kʌm]	come
36	cost	cost[ kɒst]	cost[ kɒst]	evaluate, cost
37	creep	crept	crept	crawl
38	cut	cut [ kʌt]	cut [ kʌt]	cut, trim
39	dare	Durst	dared	dare
40	deal	dealt	dealt	to deal, to trade, to deal
41	dig	arc	arc	dig
42	dive	dove	dived	dive
43	do/does	did	done	do
44	draw	drew	drawn	drag, draw
45	dream	dream	dream	dream, dream
46	drink	drank	drunk	drink, drink
47	drive	drove	driven [ˈdrɪvn̩]	drive, drive, drive, drive
48	dwell	dwelt	dwelt	dwell, abide, linger on something
49	eat	ate	eaten [ˈiːtn̩]	eat, eat, eat
50	fall	fell	fallen [ˈfɔːlən]	fall
51	feed	fed	fed[ fed]	feed)
52	feel	felt	felt [ felt]	feel
53	fight	fought [ˈfɔːt]	fought [ˈfɔːt]	fight, fight
54	find	found	found	find
55	fit	fit[ fɪt]	fit[ fɪt]	fit, fit
56	fleece	fled	fled	run away, flee
57	fling	flung	flung	throw, throw
58	fly	flew	flown	fly, fly
59	forbid	forbade	forbidden	forbid
60	forecast [ˈfɔːkɑːst]		forecast; forecasted [ˈfɔːkɑːstɪd]	foresee, predict
61	forget	forgot	forgotten	forget
62	forego	future	foregone	refuse, refrain
63	foretell	foretold	foretold	predict, forecast
64	forgive	forgave	forgiven	forgive,
65	forsake	forsook	forsaken	throw, refuse
66	freeze	frozen	frozen [ˈfrəʊzən]	freeze, freeze
67	get [ˈɡet]	got [ˈɡɒt]	got [ˈɡɒt]	get, become
68	gild [ɡɪld]		gilt [ɡɪlt]; gilded [ˈɡɪldɪd]	gild
69	give [ɡɪv]	gave [ɡeɪv]	given [ɡɪvn̩]	give
70	go/goes [ɡəʊz]	went [ˈwent]	gone [ɡɒn]	go, go
71	grind [ɡraɪnd]	ground [ɡraʊnd]	ground [ɡraʊnd]	sharpen, grind
72	grow [ɡrəʊ]	grew [ɡruː]	grown [ɡrəʊn]	grow, grow
73	hang	hung; hanged	hang [ hʌŋ]; hanged [ hæŋd]	hang, hang
74	have	had	had	to have, to possess
75	hew	hewed	hewed; hewn	to cut, to cut
76	hear	heard	heard	hear
77	hide	hidden	hidden [ˈhɪdn̩]	hide, hide
78	hit	hit[ hɪt]	hit[ hɪt]	hit, hit
79	hold	held	held	hold, maintain (possess)
80	hurt	hurt	hurt	hurt, hurt, injure
81	keep	kept	kept	keep, store
82	kneel		knelt; kneeled	kneel
83	knit		knit ; knitted [ˈnɪtɪd]	to knit
84	know	knew	known	know
85	lay	laid	laid	put
86	lead	led	led	lead, accompany
87	lean		leant; leaned	lean on, lean on
88	leap	leapt; leaped [lipt]	leapt; leaped	jump
89	learn		learned; learned	to learn, to know
90	leave	left	left	leave, leave
91	lend	lent	lent[lent]	lend, lend
92	let	let[let]	let[let]	let, let
93	lie	lay	lain	lie
94	light	lit ; lighted [ˈlaɪtɪd]	lit [lɪt]; lighted [ˈlaɪtɪd]	kindle, illuminate
95	lose	lost	lost	lose
96	make [ˈmeɪk]	made [ˈmeɪd]	made [ˈmeɪd]	do, force
97	may	might	might	be able to have the right
98	mean	meant	meant	mean, imply
99	meet	met	met	meet, meet
100	mishear [ˌmɪsˈhɪə]	misheard [ˌmɪsˈhɪə]	misheard [ˌmɪsˈhɪə]	misheard
101	mislay	mislaid	mislaid	misplace
102	mistake	mistook	mistaken	to err, to be mistaken
103	mow	moved	mown	mow
104	overtake	overcurrent	overtaken	catch up
105	pay	paid	paid	to pay
106	prove	proved	proven; proven	prove, certify
107	put	put	put	put
108	quit	stop; quitted	stop; quitted	leave, leave
109	read	read; red	read; red	read
110	rebuild	rebuilt	rebuilt	rebuild, restore
111	rid	rid; ridded	rid; ridded	free, deliver
112	ride	rode	ridden	ride
113	ring	rank	rung	call, call
114	rise	rose	rising	rise, ascend
115	run	ran	run	run, flow
116	saw	sawed	sawn; sawed	to nag
117	say	said	said	speak, say
118	see	saw	seen	see
119	seek	sought	sought	search
120	sell	sold	sold	sell
121	send	sent	sent	send, send
122	set	set	set	place, put
123	sew	sewed	sewed; sewn	sew
124	shake	shook	shaken	shake
125	shall	should	should	be to
126	shave	shaved	shaved	to shave)
127	shear	sheared	shorn	cut, cut; deprive
128	Shed	Shed	Shed	throw off, spill
129	shine	shone; shined	shone; shined	shine, shine
130	shoes	shod	shod	shoe, shoe
131	shoot	shot	shot	fire
132	show	showed	shown; showed	show
133	shrink	shrank; shrunk	shrunk	shrink, shrink, rebound, recoil
134	shut	shut	shut	close
135	sing	sang	sung	sing
136	sink	sank	sunk	sink, sink, sink
137	sit	sat	sat	sit
138	slay	slew	slain	kill, destroy
139	sleep	slept	slept	sleep
140	slide	slide	slide	slide
141	sling	slung	slung	throw, throw, hang over the shoulder, hang
142	slit	slit	slit	cut lengthwise
143	smell	smelt; smelled	smelt; smelled	smell, sniff
144	sow	sowed	sowed; sown	sow
145	speak	spoke	spoken	speak
146	speed	sped; speeded	sped; speeded	hurry, speed up
147	spell	spell; spelled	spell; spelled	write, spell a word
148	spend	spent	spent	spend, waste
149	spill	spilt	spilt	shed
150	spin	spun	spun	spin
151	sleep	spat	spat	spit, stick, poke, pro-
152	split	split	split	split, split
153	spoil	spoilt; spoiled	spoilt; spoiled	spoil, spoil
154	spread	spread	spread	spread
155	spring	sprang	sprung	jump, jump
156	stand	stood	stood	stand
157	steal	stole	stolen	steal, steal
158	stick	stuck	stuck	to stick, to stick, to stick
159	sting	stung	stung	sting
160	stink	stank; stun	stun	stink, repel
161	strew	strewed	strewn; strewed	to scatter, scatter, spread
162	stride	strode	stridden	step
163	strike	struck	struck	hit, hit, strike
164	string	string	string	bind, tie, string
165	striving	strove	striving	strive, try
166	wear	swore	sworn	swear, swear, scold
167	sweep	swept	swept	to sweep
168	swell	swollen	swollen; swollen	to swell, swell, swell
169	swim	swam	swum	swim
170	swing	swung	swung	swing, swing
171	take	took	taken	take
172	teach	taught	taught	teach, teach
173	tear	tore	torn	tear, times-, with-, from-
174	tell	told	told	to tell, inform
175	think	thought	thought	think
176	throw	threw	thrown	throw, throw
177	thrust	thrust	thrust	push, poke, kick out, shove
178	thread	trod	trod; trodden	step
179	unbend	unbent	unbent	unbend
180	undergo	life	undergone	experience, endure
181	understand	understood	understood	understand
182	undertake	undertook	glimpsed	undertake, guarantee
183	upset	upset	upset	overturn, squeeze
184	wake	woke; waked	woke; waked	wake up, wake up
185	wear	wore	worn	wear clothes)
186	weave	wove; weaved	woven; weaved	weave
187	wed	wed; married	wed; married	to get married, to get married
188	weep	wept	wept	cry
189	will	would	would	want to be
190	wet	wet; wetted	wet; wetted	wet, you-, pro-
191	win	won	won	win, get
192	wind	wound	wound	wind up (mechanism), curl
193	withdraw	withdrew	withdrawn	take back, take away
194	ring	wrung	wrung	squeeze, squeeze, twist
195	write	wrote	written	write

After this video, you will love learning irregular verbs! Yo! :) ...it is advisable for the impatient to watch from 38 seconds

For fans of an advanced teacher and rap lovers, we offer a backing track for a personal way of learning irregular verbs in the karaoke style, and in the future, perhaps, for recording a new personal video with your teacher / teacher / class. Weak or not weak?

2. REGULAR VERBS

When the most difficult part in the form of irregular verbs is mastered (we want to believe that this is so), you can click like nuts and regular English verbs. They are called so because they form the past tense and participle II in exactly the same way. In order not to load your brain once again, we simply denote their form 2 and form 3. And both of them are obtained with the help of the ending - ed.

For example: look-look,work - worked

2.1 And for those who like to get to the bottom of everything in everything, you can conduct a brief educational program about the mysterious term " participle II". First, why participle? Because how else to designate a three-headed dragon, which has signs of 3 parts of speech at once: a verb, an adjective and an adverb. Accordingly, such a form is always found WITH PARTS (at once with three).

Second, why II? Because there is also I . Quite logical  Only participle I has an ending -ing, and participle II has an ending -ed in regular verbs, and any ending in irregular ones ( written , built , come ).

2.2 And everything would be fine, but there are some nuances.

If the verb ends with -y, then you need an ending -ied(study-study).
. If the verb consists of one syllable and ends in a consonant, then it doubles ( stop - stopped).
. The final consonant l is always doubled (travel -travelled)
. If the verb ends in -e, then you only need to add -d(translate - translated)

For especially corrosive and attentive, you can also add pronunciation features. For example, after deaf consonants, the ending is pronounced as “t”, after voiced - “d”, after vowels “id”.

Perhaps you heard / invented / read / spied on a way to minimize effort and maximize the efficiency of memorizing irregular verbs, but for some reason we don’t know it yet. Share not only your smile, but also cramming options to please each other with something interesting

English is the language of exceptions, where when studying a new grammatical rule, students are faced with a dozen buts in which this rule does not work. One of these rules is the use of irregular verbs in the past tense. For many English learners, this topic is a nightmare. But without them it is impossible, because these are the realities of English! However, there is good news - modern English is gradually getting rid of irregular verbs, replacing them with regular ones. Why and how - we will consider in the article.

Why are English verbs irregular?

The difficulty in using irregular verbs is experienced not only by foreigners, but also by the speakers themselves. Nevertheless, for English philologists, the non-standard nature of this part of speech is not a drawback, but a reason for pride. They believe that irregular verbs are a cultural monument that perpetuates the history of the English language. The explanation for this fact is the Germanic roots of the origin of irregular verbs, which makes British English a traditional variant of the language. For comparison, the Americans are trying with might and main to get rid of the wrong form, converting it into the correct one. Therefore, the list of non-standard verbs increases for those who learn both variants of the language. Thus, the incorrect version is ancient, which is reflected in prose and poetry.

How many forms does a verb have in English?

Speaking about verbs in English, it should be noted that they have 3 forms:

infinitive, aka ;
I, or Participle I, - this form is used in the simple past tense (Past Simple) and the 2nd and 3rd cases of the conditional mood (Conditional of the 2-d and of the 3-d case);
Past Participle II, or Participle II, for Past Perfect, Passive Voice and Conditional of the 3-d case.

The table "Three in English" is presented later in the article.

What are regular and irregular verbs? Education rules

Regular verbs are those in which the past form (Past Simple) and the form Participle II (Participle II) are formed by adding the ending -ed to the initial form. The table "Three forms of the verb in English. Regular verbs" will help you better understand this rule.

When forming the forms Participle I and Participle II, there are some features:

if the verb ends with the letter -e, then adding -ed does not double it;
the consonant in monosyllabic verbs is duplicated when added. Example: stop - stopped (stop - stopped);
if the verb ends in -y followed by a consonant, then y is changed to i before adding -ed.

Irregular verbs are those that do not obey the general rule when forming temporary forms. In English, these include the simple past tense verb forms (Past Simple) and Participle II (Participle II).

Irregular verbs are formed with:

ablaut, in which the root is changed. Example: swim - swam - swum (swim - swam - swam);

the use of suffixes that are different from those accepted in the grammar of the language. Example: do - did - done (do - did - did);

the same or unchanged form. Example: cut - cut - cut (cut - cut - cut).

Due to the fact that each irregular verb has its own form of change, they should be learned by heart.

In total, there are 218 irregular verbs in English, of which approximately 195 are in active use.

Recent studies in the field of language show that rare verbs are gradually disappearing from the language due to the replacement of the 2nd and 3rd forms with regular verb forms, that is, the addition of the ending - ed. This fact is confirmed by the table "Three forms of the verb in English" - the table represents a number of verbs that have both regular and irregular forms.

table of irregular verbs

The table "Three forms of irregular verbs in English" includes the most frequently used verbs. The table shows 3 forms and a translation.

Irregular verbs came into modern English from Old English, which was spoken by the Angles and Saxons - British tribes.

Irregular verbs originated from the so-called strong verbs, each of which had its own type of conjugation.

Harvard researchers found that most of the verbs used are irregular, and they will remain so, as they are used more often than others.

In the history of the English language there is such a phenomenon when the correct verb became irregular. For example, sneak, which has 2 forms - sneaked and snuck.

Not only English learners have problems with verbs, but also native speakers, as even they get into awkward situations when it comes to this difficult part of speech.

One of them is Jennifer Garner, who has been sure all her life that the verb sneak is correct.

She was corrected by the host of one of the programs in which the actress took part. Dictionary in hand, he pointed out to Jennifer her mistake.

Therefore, do not be upset if you make mistakes when using irregular verbs. The main thing is that they do not become systematic.

Regular verbs

The table "Three forms of regular verbs in English with transcription and translation" is compiled on the basis of the most commonly used verbs.

		Past Participle I and II
ask
answer
allow
agree
borrow, borrow

copy, rewrite
prepare
close

carry, drag
call, call
discuss
decide, decide
explain	explain
slide
cry, scream
finish, finish, end

shine
rub
grab
to help
happen, happen
manage
look


like
move, move
manage
be necessary, need
open
recall


suggest	sajgest
study, learn
stop, stop
start off
travel
speak
transfer	transitlate
try, try
use
worry
walk, walk
look

work

Examples of the use of 3 forms of verbs with translation

Above we looked at 3 forms of verbs in English. A table with examples of usage and translation will help reinforce the topic.

Here, for each grammatical construction, two examples are given - one with regular, the other with irregular verbs.

Grammar design	Example in English	Translation
past simple	Peter worked yesterday. She felt bad last week.	Peter worked yesterday. She didn't feel well last week.
Present perfect tense	James has already helped me. Have you ever been to Thailand?	James has already helped me. Have you ever been to Thailand?
Past Perfect Tense	I understood that I had used my last ticket. Helen noticed that she had forgotten her documents at home.	I realized that I had used the last ticket. She realized that she forgot the documents at home.
Passive Voice	Amy was taken to the zoo last Sunday. A baby is sung a lullaby every night.	Amy was taken to the zoo last Sunday. The baby is sung a lullaby every night.
Conditional	If I had money, I would buy a car. If she could help us, she would have done it.	If I had money, I would buy a car. If she could help us, she would.

Exercises

For better memorization of irregular verbs, you need not only to learn them by heart and repeat, but also to perform various exercises.

Exercise 1. Before you is a table "Three forms of the verb in English. Irregular verbs." Fill in one of the three missing forms.

Exercise 2. Before you is a table "Three forms of the verb in English. Regular verbs." Insert forms Participle I and II.

Exercise 3. Using the tables, translate the following sentences into English.

I was reading a book.
We saw them yesterday.
The Smiths lived in London until 2000. Then they moved to Manchester.
Alice was a university student in 2014.
They worked for the same company two years ago.
He just finished training.
When we were children, my mother often took us to this park.
I drove a toy car as a child.

Answers to the exercises

Exercise 1.

Exercise 2.

asked, borrowed, closed, decided, explained, helped, started, travelled, used, worked.

Exercise 3

I read a book.
We saw them yesterday.
The Smiths lived in London till 2000. Then they moved to Manchester.
Alice was a student of Univercity in 2014.
They worked in the same company two years ago.
He has just finished training.
When we were children we were taken for a walk to this park.
I drove a toy car in my childhood.

Get in the habit of periodically repeating the basic forms of the English verb. A table with irregular verbs, exercises and periodic repetition will help you quickly cope with the difficulties of the English language.