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Saltykov Shchedrin is the smallest work. Mikhail Saltykov-Shchedrin. Interesting facts from the writer's life

Fascinating fairy tales by Saltykov-Shchedrin are loved by both adults and children. The fact is that they are not like others, as they are rich in vivid images and original plots. The author actually founded a new genre of political fairy tale, in which he combined elements of fantasy with real life events. All the tales of Saltykov-Shchedrin are created on the basis of the traditions of Russian and Western European folklore, they are permeated with satire, the elements of which Shchedrin learned from the great fabulist Krylov.

Tales of Saltykov-Shchedrin read

In all his works, Saltykov-Shchedrin raises the problem of class inequality. His fairy tales also tell about this in an allegorical form. Here, the collective image of the oppressed working people is personified by the positive protagonist - a kind, harmless animal or a person whom the author simply calls "man". Shchedrin shows lazy and evil rich people in the images of predators or people representing the highest ranks (for example, generals).

Moreover, the author endows the man with kindness, intelligence, ingenuity, generosity and diligence. He clearly sympathizes with him and in his person all the poor people who are forced to work hard for rich tyrants all their lives. The peasant treats his masters with irony, without losing, however, his own dignity.

Also with sympathy in his fairy tales, Saltykov-Shchedrin describes kind, cute animals that suffer from evil predatory brethren. He endows the animals with human traits, making the fairy tales of Saltykov-Shchedrin even more interesting to read. And the thoughtful reader, having laughed enough at the comical deeds of animals, quickly realizes that everything happens in the same way in people's lives, and that the existing reality is sometimes cruel and unfair.

Nikolai Shchedrin - pseudonym, real name - Mikhail Evgrafovich Saltykov; Russian Empire, Tver province, the village of Spas-Ugol; 01/15/1826 - 04/28/1889

The books of Saltykov-Shchedrin are known far beyond the borders of our country. Mikhail Evgrafovich is rightfully considered a classic of Russian literature, and it is difficult to overestimate his contribution to world literature. The works of Saltykov-Shchedrin have been translated into many languages ​​of the world, and in our country many of the writer's works are included in the school curriculum.

Biography of Mikhail Saltykov-Shchedrin

Mikhail Evgrafovich Saltykov was born on January 15, 1826 in the family of a nobleman Evgraf Vasilyevich. He was the sixth child in the family. The family lived in the Spas-Ugol estate in the Kolyazinsky district. It was here that the boy received his first education. Initially, his father's serf was his teacher, then his elder sister, then a priest, then a governess, and finally, a student of a theological seminary, took care of his upbringing. Until in 1836 he entered the Moscow Noble Institute. For diligent study, two years later he was transferred to the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum. It was here that Saltykov-Shchedrin took his first steps in literature. He wrote mostly poetry, often of a "disapproving" character. But later I realized that poetry is not his. In 1844 he graduated from the Lyceum with the rank of the second class. Moreover, of the 22 two students who began to study with him, only five were able to do this.

In August 1945, Mikhail Saltykov was enrolled in the Office of the War Ministry. But he was able to get a full-time position as an assistant secretary only two years later. But in literature he was much better. His bibliographic notes are published by the Sovremennik magazine, in 1847 Saltykov-Shchedrin's first story, Contradictions, was published, and literally six months later, Tangled History. Written under the influence, the story "Tangled" fell out of favor with the authorities. As a result, in 1848 the writer was exiled to Vyatka.

In Vyatka, Saltykov-Shchedrin worked in the office and even headed it several times. The link ended only in 1855. And already in 1856 he was sent by the Ministry of Internal Affairs to check the office work in the Tver and Vladimir provinces. At about the same time, he began to publish in the Russian Bulletin. His "Provincial Essays" become very popular, and are even reprinted several times as a complete set of works. In 1858, the writer was appointed vice-governor in Ryazan, and two years later in Tver. At this time, he is published in almost all known magazines. But, starting from 1860, almost all the works of Mikhail Saltykov-Shchedrin appear in Sovremennik. The writer himself, like the magazine, begins to experience harassment. Therefore, Mikhail Evrgafovich is transferred to serve in the Treasury.

With the transition of "Notes of the Fatherland" under the editorship, Saltykov-Shchedrin becomes one of the most active employees. In 1868, he completely switched to work in a magazine. At first he was one of the employees, and after the death of Nekrasov, he took his place as editor. This period is rightfully considered one of the most fruitful in the writer's work. It is on him that the release of Saltykov-Shchedrin's books "History of a City", "Well-meaning Speeches", "Lord Golovlevs", as well as most of the writer's tales fall. Mikhail Evgrafovich devoted himself completely to his work. Partly because of this, his health was shaken in the mid-70s. The prohibition of the "Notes of the Fatherland" in 1884 was a truly huge blow for him. By inertia, he continued to write, and these later works were in no way inferior to his earlier works, but without communication with the reader, he faded away. Saltykov-Shchedrin died in 1889. And according to his own will, he was buried next to the grave.

Books by Mikhail Saltykov-Shchedrin on the Top Books website

Books by Saltykov-Shchedrin were popular at all times. It is not for nothing that many of them are presented in ours, and they occupy far from the last places there. At the same time, the tales of Mikhail Saltykov-Shchedrin, which are still in demand and relevant, should be noted as a separate element. No wonder many of them are presented in ours, as well. And given the presence of the writer's works in the school curriculum, we will not yet meet the works of Saltykov-Shchedrin in the ratings of our site.

Mikhail Saltykov-Shchedrin book list

Novels:

  1. Lord Golovlyov
  2. Poshekhonskaya antiquity
  3. Monrepos refuge

Essays:

  1. well-intentioned speeches
  2. In the hospital for the insane
  3. Lord Molchaliny
  4. Gentlemen of Tashkent
  5. Provincial essays
  6. Diary of a provincial in St. Petersburg
  7. Abroad
  8. Innocent stories
  9. Letters to aunt
  10. Pompadours and pompadours
  11. satires in prose
  12. Modern idyll

Fairy tales:

  1. Sheep-not remembering
  2. poor wolf
  3. Bogatyr
  4. Faithful Trezor
  5. Petition Raven
  6. Dried vobla
  7. village fire
  8. Virtues and Vices
  9. Fool
  10. sane hare
  11. Toy business people
  12. Karas-idealist
  13. Kissel
  14. Konyaga
  15. Liberal
  16. Bear in the province
  17. Watchful eye
  18. The deceitful newspaperman and gullible reader
  19. Eagle Patron
  20. idle talk
  21. Adventure with Kramolnikov
  22. Lost conscience
  23. Way-way
  24. Christmas tale
  25. selfless hare
  26. The Tale of the Zealous Boss
  27. Neighbours
  28. Christ night

Stories:

  1. Anniversary
  2. kind soul
  3. Spoiled children
  4. Death of Pazukhin
  5. Neighbours
  6. Chizhikovo mountain

Saltykov - Shchedrin Mikhail Evgrafovich (real name Saltykov, pseudonym N. Shchedrin) (1826-1889), writer, publicist.

Born on January 27, 1826 in the village of Spas-Ugol, Tver province, in an old noble family. In 1836 he was sent to the Moscow Noble Institute, from where two years later he was transferred to the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum for excellent studies.

In August 1844, Saltykov joined the office of the Minister of War. At this time, his first stories "Contradiction" and "A Tangled Case" were published, which caused the wrath of the authorities.

In 1848, Saltykov-Shchedrin was exiled to Vyatka (now Kirov) for a "harmful way of thinking", where he received the post of senior official for special assignments under the governor, and after a while - adviser to the provincial government. Only in 1856, in connection with the death of Nicholas I, the restriction on residence was lifted.

Returning to St. Petersburg, the writer resumed his literary activity, while working in the Ministry of the Interior and participating in the preparation of the peasant reform. In 1858-1862. Saltykov served as vice-governor in Ryazan, then in Tver. After retiring, he settled in the capital and became one of the editors of the Sovremennik magazine.

In 1865, Saltykov-Shchedrin returned to public service again: at various times he headed the state chambers in Penza, Tula, Ryazan. But the attempt was unsuccessful, and in 1868 he agreed with the proposal of N. A. Nekrasov to enter the editorial office of the journal Domestic Notes, where he worked until 1884.

A talented publicist, satirist, artist, Saltykov-Shchedrin in his works tried to direct the attention of Russian society to the main problems of that time.

“Provincial essays” (1856-1857), “Pompadours and pompadours” (1863-1874), “Poshekhonskaya old times” (1887-1889), “Tales” (1882-1886) stigmatize theft and bribery of officials, cruelty of landowners, tyranny of chiefs. In the novel Lord Golovlevs (1875-1880), the author depicted the spiritual and physical degradation of the nobility in the second half of the 19th century. In The History of a City (1861-1862), the writer not only satirically showed the relationship between the people and the authorities of the city of Glupov, but also rose to criticism of the government leaders of Russia.

Mikhail Evgrafovich Saltykov-Shchedrin (1826 - 1889) - a famous writer - satirist.

The famous satirist writer Mikhail Evgrafovich Saltykov (pseudo-N. Shchedrin) was born on January 15 (27), 1826 in the village. Spas-Angle of the Kalyazinsky district of the Tver province. A native of an old noble family, by his mother - a merchant family.

Under the influence of socialist ideas, he came to a complete rejection of the landlord way of life, bourgeois relations and autocracy. The first major publication of the writer - "Provincial essays" (1856-1857), published on behalf of the "court councilor N. Shchedrin".

After a decisive rapprochement with the Social Democrats in the early 1860s. was forced in 1868 to temporarily withdraw from large-scale activities in the editorial office of the Sovremennik magazine in connection with the crisis of the democratic camp; from November 1864 to June 1868 he was engaged in provincial administrative activities successively in Penza, Tula and Ryazan.

In Tula he served from December 29, 1866 to October 13, 1867 as the manager of the Tula State Chamber.

The peculiar features of Saltykov's character, shown by him during the leadership of an important government agency in Tula, the most expressive features of his personality were captured by the Tula official I.M. Mikhailov, who served under him, in an article published in the Historical Bulletin in 1902. in Tula, Saltykov vigorously and in his own way fought against bureaucracy, bribery, embezzlement, stood for the interests of the lower Tula social strata: peasants, handicraftsmen, petty officials.

In Tula, Saltykov wrote a pamphlet on Governor Shidlovsky, "A Governor with a Stuffed Head."

Saltykov's activities in Tula ended with his removal from the city due to sharply conflicting relations with the provincial authorities.

In 1868, this "restless man" was finally dismissed by order of Emperor Alexander II as "an official imbued with ideas that do not agree with the types of state benefits."

Continuing his writing activity, Saltykov opened the 1870s with the work "The History of a City", where, according to the assumptions of Tula local historians, in the portrait of the mayor Pryshch there are living features of the governor Shidlovsky.

Tula and Aleksin are mentioned by Saltykov in his works Diary of a Provincial in Petersburg and How One Man Feeded Two Generals. Saltykov, apparently, relied on practical experience in Tula in one of his Letters from the Province. However, local historians agree that it is difficult to take into account with documentary accuracy in what other works of Shchedrin's Tula impressions were reflected.

The stay of Saltykov-Shchedrin in Tula is marked by a memorial plaque on the building of the former Treasury Chamber (43, Lenin Ave.). Documents about the official activities of the writer are stored in the State Archives of the Tula Region. The Tula artist Y. Vorogushin created eight etchings-illustrations for "The History of a City" in memory of the satirist.

Mikhail Evgrafovich Saltykov-Shchedrin is a Russian writer, journalist, publicist and public figure. Born in 1826 on January 27 in the Tver province, a descendant of an old noble family. He excelled in his studies at the noble institute, thanks to which in 1838 he was transferred to the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum. At the age of 22 he was exiled to Vyatka, where he worked for the next 8 years in low positions in the government of the province.

Upon returning to St. Petersburg, Mikhail Saltykov joined the Ministry of Internal Affairs and also continued to write. After retiring, he moved to St. Petersburg and began to work as an editor in the Sovremennik magazine. In the future, he returned to public service, and was also a member of the editorial board of the Otechestvennye Zapiski magazine. The ban on this publication in 1884 greatly affected the writer's health, which was reflected in various works. He died on April 28, 1889 and was buried at the Volkovskoye cemetery according to his own last will next to I.S. Turgenev.

Creative stages of life

Mikhail Saltykov graduated from the Lyceum in the second category. Among the standard lyceum "sins" like smoking, rudeness and careless appearance, he was also credited with writing disapproving poems. However, the poems of the future writer turned out to be weak, and he himself understood this, so he quickly abandoned poetic activity.

According to the debut work of Saltykov-Shchedrin "Contradictions", it is noticeable that the young prose writer was greatly influenced by the novels of George Sand and French socialism. “Contradictions” and “A Tangled Case” aroused indignation among the authorities, and Mikhail Evgrafovich was exiled to Vyatka. During this period of his life, he practically did not engage in literature. It turned out to return to her in 1855, when, after the death of Nicholas I, the young official was allowed to leave the place of exile. "Provincial Essays", published in the "Russian Bulletin", made Shchedrin a well-known and revered author in a wide circle of readers.

Being the vice-governor of Tver and Ryazan, the writer did not stop writing for many magazines, although readers found most of his works in Sovremennik. From the works of 1858-1862, the collections "Satires in Prose" and "Innocent Stories" were formed, each published three times. During his service as the manager of the state chamber of Penza, Tula and Ryazan (1864-1867), Mikhail Evgrafovich Saltykov published only once with the article “Testament to my children”.

In 1868, the publicist completely left the civil service and, at the personal request of Nikolai Nekrasov, became one of the key employees of the Otechestvennye Zapiski magazine. Ten years later he became editor-in-chief. Until 1884, when Otechestvennye Zapiski were banned, Saltykov-Shchedrin devoted himself entirely to working on them, publishing almost two dozen collections. During this period, one of the author's best and most popular works, The History of a City, was published.

Having lost his most beloved publication, Mikhail Evgrafovich published in Vestnik Evropy, which included the most grotesque collections: Poshekhon Antiquity, Tales, and Little Things in Life.

The main motives of creativity

Saltykov-Shchedrin became a popularizer of the socio-satiric fairy tale. He exposed in his stories and stories human vices, relations between power and people, bureaucratic crime and tyranny, as well as landlord cruelty. The novel "Lord Golovlyovs" depicts the physical and spiritual decay of the nobility of the late 19th century.

After the closure of Otechestvennye Zapiski, Saltykov-Shchedrin directed his writing talent to the Russian government, creating exclusively grotesque works. A distinctive feature of the author's style is the depiction of the vices of the bureaucratic and power apparatus not from the outside, but through the eyes of a person who enters this environment.