Alexander Green - biography, information, personal life. Alexander green, short biography Message about the writer a green

Born on August 23, 1880 in the Vyatka province in the town of Slobodskaya. Surname at birth - Grinevsky. Father - Stepan Evseevich (Stefan Evzibievich) Grinevsky (1843-1914). Mother - Anna Stepanovna Lepkova (1857-1895), a nurse. In 1896 he graduated from the Vyatka city school. In 1903, he served more than a year in a Sevastopol prison for revolutionary activities. In 1908 he married Vera Abramova. In 1913 they divorced. In 1921 he married Nina Mironova. The writer had no children. He died on July 8, 1932 at the age of 51 in the city of Stary Krym. He was buried in the city cemetery of Stary Krym. Main works: "Scarlet Sails", "Running on the Waves", "Pied Piper", "Shining World", "Ships in Lissa", "Loquacious brownie" and others.

Brief biography (detailed)

Alexander Grin (Alexander Stepanovich Grinevsky) is a Russian writer and prose writer, best known for his fairy tale Scarlet Sails. He wrote many works in the genre of symbolic fiction, and also created the fictional country "Greenland", where the events of many of his books took place. A. Green was born on August 23, 1880 in a small town in the Vyatka province. The father of the future writer was a native of Poland, and his mother was a Russian nurse. From childhood, the boy dreamed of traveling, especially by sea. Therefore, after graduating from the Vyatka School, he went to Odessa, where he became a sailor.

Despite the fact that he did not become a traveling sailor, he managed to visit abroad on a ship. In 1897 he returned to his native land, but a year later he left to seek his fortune in Baku. There he tried many professions, including very difficult ones. In 1902, after a series of wanderings, he joined an infantry battalion as a soldier. However, military service did not benefit him. It only strengthened his revolutionary sentiments. He was seen deserting, spent some time in a punishment cell, and after meeting with the Socialist-Revolutionary propagandists, he hid in Simbirsk. The years 1906-1908 became a turning point in my life. It was during this period that his literary talent was revealed.

In 1906, Green's first story appeared - "The Merit of Private Panteleev." The next story was "The Elephant and the Pug". However, these works did not reach readers due to the elimination of circulation. The first story that reached the reader was "To Italy". With the pseudonym Green, he first signed the story "The Case" (1907). During the same period, he married 24-year-old Vera Abramova. Their love is described in the story "A hundred miles along the river." Soon Green met such famous writers as Tolstoy, Bryusov, Andreev, but most of all he liked to communicate with Kuprin.

In 1910, it became clear to the police that Greene was a runaway exile who had changed his surname, and he was arrested again. Since 1914, he worked in the journal "New Satyricon", in addition to which he published his collection. The writer reacted negatively to the February Revolution and wrote a note on this subject “Trifles” (1918). The famous story "Scarlet Sails" was published in 1923. In his works, he liked to use fictional cities, for example, Liss, Zurbagan. Creating noble characters, fictional cities, the romantic world of human happiness, Green abstracted from the reality around him. In recent years, the writer was ill with tuberculosis and lived in the Crimea. There he died on July 8, 1932.

Alexander Stepanovich Green was born on August 11 (23), 1880, in the city of Slobodskaya, Vyatka province. His father, S. Grinevsky, a Polish gentry, was a participant in the January Uprising, for which he was exiled to the Tomsk province.

The home education of the future writer was not consistent. Causeless caresses were abruptly replaced by severe punishments. Sometimes the child was left to himself.

In 1889, Sasha entered the preparatory class of the local real school. There the nickname “Green” was “born”, which later became his literary pseudonym.

Alexander studied badly, and, according to the memoirs of his contemporaries, he was "an inveterate hooligan."

When the young man was fifteen years old, his mother died of tuberculosis. Having married a second time, the father moved away from his son, and young Green was forced to start an independent life.

The beginning of the creative path

In 1906-1908. in the life of A. Green came a turning point. In the summer of 1906, two stories came out from his pen, which were published in the fall of that year. The genre of early stories was defined as "propaganda pamphlet".

They were dedicated to the soldiers of the tsarist army, who, after the revolution of 1905, often staged bloody punitive raids.

The novice writer received a fee, but the entire circulation was destroyed.

In early 1908, Green published his first collection. Most of the collection was devoted to the Socialist-Revolutionaries.

In 1910, the writer released a second collection. Most of his stories were written in the genre of realism. Having shown himself as a promising writer, he met M. Kuzmin, V. Bryusov, L. Andreev, A. Tolstoy. He became closest of all with A. I. Kuprin.

Mostly the writer published in the "small" press. His stories were published in Birzhevye Vedomosti, Niva, Rodina. Sometimes he published in the "Modern World" and "Russian Thought".

In 1914, Alexander Grin began to collaborate with the New Satyricon magazine. This magazine published his collection "The Incident on Dog Street".

After the outbreak of the First World War, another turning point was outlined in the writer's work. His stories began to take on an anti-war character.

Getting acquainted with the content of a short biography of Alexander Grin, you should know that he had a rather complicated relationship with the Soviet authorities. Condemning the Red Terror, he was sincerely perplexed, not understanding how the apologists of the new government could destroy violence with even greater violence. He expressed this idea more than once in the New Satyricon.

As a result, the magazine, like other opposition publications, was closed. This happened in 1918. Green was arrested and narrowly escaped execution.

Continuation of literary activity

In early 1920, Green began his first novel, The Shining World. After 1924, the work was printed in Leningrad. Most clearly, his literary talent manifested itself in the stories "Fandango", "The Pied Piper", "The Loquacious Brownie".

In 1926, the writer finished work on his main novel - "Running on the Waves". The work was published in 1928. With great difficulty, the "sunset" works of the outstanding writer, "The Road to Nowhere" and "Jesse and Morgiana" were also published.

Death

Alexander Grin passed away on July 8, 1932, in Stary Krym. The cause of death was stomach cancer. The writer was buried in the city cemetery. His grave is located on a site overlooking the sea so beloved by Green.

In 1934, Green's last collection of short stories, Fantastic Novels, was published.

Other biography options

• In his youth, Green was a desperate rebel. Relations with the royal authorities were very difficult for him. From the end of 1916 he hid from persecution in Finland. He returned to Russia only after the February Revolution.
• Becoming a famous writer, Green got rid of the need. But the money did not stay in his hands. The writer was a fan of card games and nightly revelry.
• In May 1932, the writer's wife, N. Green, received a transfer from the Writers' Union. The strange thing was that he was sent in the name of the "widow", although Alexander Stepanovich was still alive. According to some reports, this happened against the background of the writer's mischief. A few days before, he had sent a telegram saying "Green is dead send two hundred funerals".
• The writer's wife, Nina, was his muse. It was she who became the prototype of Assol from Scarlet Sails.
• A small planet was named after the writer. In Riga there is Alexander Grin street. But it was named after the full namesake of Alexander Stepanovich, who was also a writer.

The famous Russian writer Alexander Grin presented the reader's world with many different works. However, most book lovers associate the name of this talented person, whose life is filled with interesting facts, with the fairy tale "Scarlet Sails", which tells the story of a girl named. The main character of the book met her lover, and the plot of this work about unshakable faith and a sincere dream became the background for the cinematic works of famous directors.

Childhood and youth

Alexander Grinevsky (real name of the writer) was born on August 11 (23), 1880. The childhood of young Sasha passed in the city of Slobodskoy, which is now located in the Kirov region. Green grew up and was brought up in an uncreative family that did not belong to the literary world.

His father Stefan Grinevsky, a Pole by nationality, belonged to the military class of the gentry. When Stefan (in Russia he was called Stepan Evseevich) was 20 years old, he became a participant in the January Uprising, which happened in 1863.

For an armed debauchery in the former lands of the Commonwealth, which went to the Russian Empire, Grinevsky was exiled indefinitely to Kolyvan, Tomsk province. In 1868, the young man was allowed to settle in the Vyatka province.

In 1873, Grinevsky proposed marriage to Anna Lepkova, who worked as a nurse. The first-born Alexander was born to the spouses only after seven years of marriage. Later, the Grinevskys had three more children: a boy and two girls. Green's parents raised him inconsistently. Sometimes the future writer was spoiled, and at other times they were severely punished or even left unattended.

It is noteworthy that Alexander's love for reading appeared at an early age. When the child was 6 years old, he learned to read: instead of playing with peers in the fresh air, the boy leafed through adventure books. Sasha's first read work was the tetralogy "Gulliver's Travels", which tells how a certain person ended up in the world of Lilliputians.

In addition, young Green loved stories about fearless sailors who travel across the waters of the Earth. Therefore, it is not surprising that the little dreamer sought to repeat the life of literary heroes: Sasha, who dreamed of going to sea as a sailor, made attempts to escape from home.

In 1889, a nine-year-old boy was sent to the preparatory class of a real school. By the way, it was classmates who gave Sasha the nickname "Green". It is noteworthy that the author of the works was not an obedient child: Grinevsky, on the contrary, caused trouble for teachers who noted that his behavior was "worse than everyone else." Nevertheless, Green managed to finish the preparatory class and move up a notch.

However, being a second grader, the son of a Polish gentry was expelled from school. The fact is that Sasha, remembered for his restless character, decided to show his talent and wrote a poem about teachers.

True, this work was not an ode to style: it contained ironic overtones and was considered very offensive. But in 1892, Grinevsky managed to return to school: thanks to his father, the young man was admitted to the Vyatka School, which had a bad reputation.

When the young man was 15 years old, a terrible event happened in his life: Alexander Grin lost his mother, who died of tuberculosis.

A few months later, Stepan Grinevsky married Lydia Boretskaya, however, Sasha's relationship with his stepmother did not work out, which is why the guy settled separately from his father's family. The master of the word lived alone, and adventure books saved the young man from the atmosphere of the provincial Vyatka, in which "lies, hypocrisy and falsehood" reigned.

The future prose writer spent six years wandering. During this time, he managed to work as a bookbinder, a loader, a fisherman, a railway worker, a digger, and even a traveling circus performer. In 1896 he graduated from the Vyatka School and went to Odessa to become a sailor, having received 25 rubles from his father. In the new city, Green wandered for some time, he had no money for food.

When Alexander found himself on the ship, his expectations did not coincide with reality: instead of delight, the young man was disgusted by the prosaic sailor's work and quarreled with the captain of the ship.

In 1902, due to the extreme need for money, Alexander Stepanovich entered the soldier's service. The severity of a soldier's life forced Grinevsky to desert: after rapprochement with the revolutionaries, Grin took up underground activities. In 1903, the young man was arrested and sent to Siberia for 10 years. He also spent two years in the Arkhangelsk exile and at one time lived under someone else's passport in St. Petersburg.

Literature

Alexander Stepanovich Green wrote his first story in 1906: from that moment on, creativity captured the young man entirely. His first work, entitled "The Merit of Private Panteleev," tells about the violations that are happening in the soldier's service.

Green's debut work was published under the signature of A. S. G. as a propaganda pamphlet for those serving in the army, punishing soldiers. It is worth noting that the entire print run was confiscated from the printing house and burned by the police. Alexander Stepanovich considered his work lost all his life, but in 1960 one copy of the brochure was found in the folder of the Department of Material Evidence of the Moscow Gendarmerie.

Starting in 1908, the writer began to publish collections of stories, published under the creative pseudonym "Greene": the author composed about 25 stories a year, while earning good money. In 1913, the readership saw the works of Alexander Stepanovich in the form of a three-volume book.

Every year Grinevsky improved his skills: the themes of his works expanded, the plots became deep and unpredictable, and the writer filled his books with quotations and aphorisms that became widely known among the people.

It is worth noting that Grinevsky occupies a special place in the world of Russian literature. The fact is that the author had no predecessors, no followers, no imitators. However, the writer himself was accused of borrowing plots from, and other creative personalities. But when analyzing the texts, it turned out that this similarity is very superficial and unfounded.

Also, the name of Alexander Grin is compared with the country of Greenland. The author himself did not use the name of this fictitious location in his works, it was invented by the Soviet critic Kornely Zelensky, who thus described the places of action of the main characters in Green's novels.

Researchers believe that the peninsula, where the country of the writer is located, is located on the southern sea border of China. Such conclusions were drawn from the references in the works of real places: New Zealand, the Pacific Ocean, etc.

In 1916-1922, Green wrote the story "Scarlet Sails", which glorified him. It is noteworthy that the master of the pen dedicated this work to his second wife Nina. The idea of ​​the work was born spontaneously in the writer's head: Alexander Stepanovich saw a boat with white sails in a window with toys.

“This toy told me something, but I didn’t know what, then I figured if the red sail would say more, and better than that, scarlet, because there is bright jubilation in scarlet. Rejoicing means knowing why you rejoice. And so, unfolding from this, taking the waves and the ship with scarlet sails, I saw the purpose of its existence, ”the writer described his memoirs in drafts for“ Running on the Waves ”.

In 1928, Alexander Stepanovich released his significant work, which he gives the name "Running on the Waves."

This novel about the unrealizable, modern critics attributed to the fantasy genre. Also, Alexander Grin is familiar to readers from the works "Father's Wrath" (1929), "The Road to Nowhere" (1929) and "The Devil of Orange Waters" (1913).

The last novel of the writer is called "Touchless", however, Alexander Grin did not have time to finish this work.

Personal life

It is known from Green's biography that he was baptized according to the Orthodox rite, although his father was a believing Catholic. Despite the fact that the religious views of the writer began to change over time, his wife noted: while in the Crimea, Grinevsky attended the local church and especially loved the celebration of Easter.

Their marriage, which began in 1908, ended in divorce five years later at the initiative of Abramova: the woman, according to her, was tired of her husband's unpredictability and uncontrollability. Green's frequent sprees did not add to mutual understanding either. Alexander Stepanovich himself repeatedly made attempts to reunite. He dedicated several books to Vera, on one of them he wrote: "To my only friend." Also, until the end of his life, Green did not part with the portrait of Vera Pavlovna.

However, in 1921 the young man married Nina Mironova, with whom he lived for the rest of his life. The couple lived happily and considered each other a gift of fate.

When Alexander Stepanovich died, Nina Green, after the occupation of the Crimea by the Germans, was exiled to Germany to work. Upon returning to the USSR, the woman was accused of treason, so she was in the camps for the next 10 years. It is noteworthy that both spouses of Green not only knew each other, but were also friends, supported each other as much as possible during the difficult occupation and camp times.

Death

Alexander Stepanovich Green died in the summer of 1932. The cause of death is stomach cancer. The prose writer was buried in Stary Krym, and a monument based on the work “Running on the Waves” was erected on his grave.

It is worth noting that after the victory of the Soviet Union in World War II, Green's books were recognized as anti-Soviet and contrary to the ideas of the proletariat. Only after his death, Green's name was rehabilitated.

In memory of the novelist, a museum was opened in Feodosia, streets, libraries, gymnasiums were named, sculptures were created, and much more.

Bibliography

• 1906 - "To Italy"
• 1907 - "Oranges"
• 1907 - "Beloved"
• 1908 - "The Tramp"
• 1908 - "Two men"
• 1909 - "Airship"
• 1909 - "Maniac"
• 1909 - "The Incident in Dog Street"
• 1910 - "In the forest"
• 1910 - "Box of soap"
• 1911 - "Moonlight Read"
• 1912 - "Winter's Tale"
• 1914 - "Without an audience"
• 1915 - "Aviator-lunatic"
• 1916 - "The Secret of House 41"
• 1917 - "Bourgeois spirit"
• 1918 - "Gobies in a tomato"
• 1922 - "White Fire"
• 1923 - Scarlet Sails
• 1924 - "Merry companion"
• 1925 - "Six matches"
• 1927 - "The Legend of Ferguson"
• 1928 - "Running on the waves"
• 1933 - "Velvet curtain"
• 1960 - "We sat on the shore"
• 1961 - Stone Pillar Ranch

Alexander Grinevsky was born in 1880 in the town of Slobodskoy near Vyatka in the Urals into the family of an exiled Polish gentry. He was the eldest of 4 children.

As a child, Sasha was inquisitive, from the age of 6 he read. Green was a difficult teenager, even ran away from home.

At the age of 10, the boy was sent to a real school, but he behaved badly and devoted his study time to reading. Here he was nicknamed Green. In the second grade, Sasha was expelled and transferred to another educational institution.

Green's mother died when he was 15 years old, his father quickly remarried. The young man did not get along with his stepmother and settled separately, read with rapture, wrote poetry and even worked part-time.

Trips

After graduating from the Vyatka School, Green decided to fulfill his childhood dream and become a sailor. He left for Odessa. The 16-year-old young man took a sip of grief until he got a job as a sailor on a ship, but did not work long, quarreled with the captain and returned home. A year later, Green left for Batum. There he tried many professions and continued to search for his favorite business, returning to his father.

At 22, Green became a soldier, but Alexander deserted after 6 months. The rebellious spirit was combined in his personality with humanism, so that when he became an agent of the Social Revolutionaries, he flatly refused to participate in the attacks.

From 1903 to 1905, Grin was arrested twice, exiled to the Tobolsk province, but fled to his father, who helped him get a fake passport.

Green becomes a writer

The first stories appear in 1906. The theme is about ordinary people and revolutionaries. Green signed his stories with pseudonyms. One of them is the surname on a fake passport ( Malginov). Nickname Green appeared in the story "The Case" in 1907.

In 1908 and in 1910 published collections of short stories. These were realistic works.

From 1912, Green gradually began to write romantic stories about heroic people and a fictional country. The writer publishes stories in newspapers and magazines, gets acquainted with the writing environment. In 1915, a collection of stories with anti-war themes was published.

In Soviet reality, Green became disillusioned even faster than in pre-revolutionary. He was opposed to any violence, he did not even change the spelling and calendar. In 1919, the writer was drafted into the Red Army, but fell ill with typhus. Gorky secured a writer's ration and housing for him. In 1920-1922. The Scarlet Sails extravaganza was written and published in 1923. In 1922 a collection of short stories was published.

In 1924, Green's first novel, The Shining World, was published, in 1925, The Golden Chain, in 1926, written, and in 1928, the novel Running on the Waves was published. In 1929, two more novels by Green were published.

"An era is passing by"

Greene is an awkward writer. He refused to write in the spirit of "socialist realism", therefore, with the curtailment of the NEP, the publication of the 15-volume edition of his works ceases. The family is almost starving, moving from Feodosia to Stary Krym. Since 1930, reprints of Green's books have been banned. Green did not finish his last novel.

In 1932 the writer died.

Personal life

Alexander Green was married three times. The first time his wife was Vera Abramova, who visited the future writer in 1906 in a prison in St. Petersburg under the guise of a bride. The history of their relationship is described in the story of 1912 "A hundred miles along the river." His wife went into exile with him in 1911. The couple divorced in 1913. Until the end of his life, Green carried her portrait with him everywhere.

Green's second wife was married to him for several months in 1919.

The third wife, Nina, appeared with the writer in 1921. He dedicated his most famous work, Scarlet Sails, to her.

Escape from reality

The main work of A. Green is the extravaganza "Scarlet Sails". This is a fairy tale that a dream comes true if it is a real dream. The action takes place in the fictional city of Kaperna, as gloomy and evil as St. Petersburg in the early 1920s, where the fairy tale was written. Assol is not like the inhabitants of the city, she believes in the myth of a ship with scarlet sails, on which she will sail to happiness. Captain Gray takes Assol away, playing her myth for her beloved.

Soviet literature

Alexander Stepanovich Green

Biography

GREEN, ALEXANDER STEPANOVICH (1880−1932), present. surname Grinevsky, Russian prose writer, poet. Born on August 11 (23), 1880 in the Sloboda Vyatka province. in the family of an exiled Pole, a participant in the uprising of 1863. He graduated from the four-class Vyatka city school. He spent six years wandering, worked as a loader, a digger, an artist of a traveling circus, a railway worker. In 1902, due to extreme need, he voluntarily (“I will be full and clothed”) entered the military service, spent several months in a punishment cell. The severity of a soldier's life forced Green to desert, he became close to the social revolutionaries and took up underground work in various cities of Russia. In 1903 he was arrested, was imprisoned in Sevastopol, was exiled to Siberia for ten years (fell under the October amnesty of 1905). Until 1910, Grin lived under someone else's passport in St. Petersburg, was again arrested and deported to Siberia, from where he fled and returned to St. Petersburg. He spent the second, two-year exile in the Arkhangelsk province.

The years of life under a false name were the time of a break with the revolutionary past and the formation of Green as a writer. After the first published story To Italy (1906), the following - Merit of Private Panteleev (1906) and Elephant and Pug (1906) - were withdrawn from print by censors.

Green's first collections of short stories The Cap of Invisibility (1908) and Short Stories (1910) received critical attention. In 1912-1917, Green worked actively, publishing about 350 stories in more than 60 editions. They strengthened the writer's manner to extract from the tragic reality the dream of human happiness. The noble people invented by Green inhabited the fictitious cities of Liss, Zurbagan, Gel-Gyu - that “mainland”, which would later be called Greenland.

He enthusiastically met the February Revolution of 1917, and considered the subsequent events a tragedy. Greene saw and described “people who covered their faces with their hands… they raced and fell… they were covered in blood” (note Trivia, publ. 1918 in the New Satyricon magazine). In the midst of the savagery and chaos that the Bolsheviks brought down on the country, Green wrote such works as the extravaganza story Scarlet Sails (1923), the novels The Shining World (1924), The Golden Chain (1925), Running on the Waves (1928) and other works in which he created his own romantic world of human happiness.

Extravaganza Scarlet Sails, one of the brightest and most life-affirming works of Soviet literature, was written in the Petrograd House of Arts. In the hungry and cold Petrograd, according to the original plan of the writer, the action of the Scarlet Sails was to take place. However, as he worked, Green moved the action to the city of Caperna, in the name of which literary critics later found consonance with the gospel Capernaum. The love story of Assol and Gray, their dream come true, was based on the conviction expressed by Green: “I understood one simple truth. It is to do miracles with your own hands ... "Scarlet Sails became a landmark book of the thaw generation of the 1960s and romantics of the 1970s.

The real surrounding life rejected Green's world along with its creator. Critical remarks about the uselessness of the writer appeared more and more often, the myth of the “foreigner in Russian literature” was created, Green was printed less and less. The writer, sick with tuberculosis, left in 1924 for Feodosia, where he was in dire need, and in 1930 he moved to the village. Old Crimea.

Alexander Stepanovich Green - Russian poet, prose writer (1880−1932). The real name of Alexander is Grinevsky. He was born on August 23, 1880 in the Sloboda Vyatka province in the family of an ordinary exiled Pole. His father was a participant in the 1863 uprising. Alexander's mother was Russian. She died when Alexander was only 13 years old.

In 1896, after graduating from the four-year Vyatka School, the future poet left for Odessa. Since childhood, he was attracted by stories about sailors and travels, attracted by the theme of discoveries and accomplishments.

In Odessa, Alexander Grin tried to fulfill his childhood dream - to go to sea. However, he had to wander a little in search of at least some suitable work. He spent six years wandering, working as a loader, a traveling circus performer, a railway worker, and so on. Several times he was lucky enough to go to sea as a sailor on the route Odessa-Batumi-Odessa. Upon his return, Green realized that this job was not for him.

In 1902, due to great need, he voluntarily entered the soldier's service and spent several months in a punishment cell. While serving in a reserve infantry battalion, Greene joined the Socialist-Revolutionaries who helped him desert military service. He found common interests with the social revolutionaries and began to carry out underground work in various cities of Russia. In 1903, Greene was arrested for his propaganda work and his "wrong" social appeals. He served a severe sentence in a Sevastopol prison, then was exiled to Siberia for ten years. In 1905 he was granted an amnesty. Until 1910, Alexander Grin hid and lived under a false name in St. Petersburg, then he was arrested again and deported to Siberia, from where he fled to St. Petersburg.

Green wrote many stories before he found "his" hero. The writer wrote romantic short stories in which events develop in artificial and sometimes exotic circumstances. In 1908, Green published the first collection of short stories. The famous fairy tale "Scarlet Sails" became one of the brightest works of Soviet literature, was written by Alexander Grin in the Petrograd House of Arts.

In 1919, Green served as a signalman in the Red Army. In 1924, ill with tuberculosis, Green left for Feodosia for treatment, which over the years brought only a fleeting improvement in his condition. July 8, 1932 Alexander Grin died in the village of Stary Krym.