The history of the creation of "Eugene Onegin". Evgeny onegin in culture Creation time eugene onegin
A. S. Pushkin wrote the novel in verse "Eugene Onegin" intermittently for about nine years. It is the most famous work of the poet. Why? Perhaps because it was included in the school curriculum, and all the children, before and after, crammed “I am writing to you, what more”, or maybe because of the abundance of aphoristic lines that have become catch phrases: “love of all ages submissive”, “we all studied little by little”; it is also stated that "Eugene Onegin" is "the most important part of our cultural code, the one that allows us to speak the same language, equally understand the same jokes, allusions and comparisons." Is this so, otherwise, everyone has their own opinion, but the fact remains - "Eugene Onegin" is a great work of a great poet.The plot of "Eugene Onegin"
Any literary work is unthinkable without a love story. In "Eugene Onegin" she is in the relationship between Onegin and Tatyana Larina. First, the girl falls in love with Eugene, but turns out to be unnecessary to him, then he seeks reciprocity, but Tatyana is already married
Another storyline of the novel is the conflict between friends Onegin and Lensky, which ended in a duel.
Description of the novel "Eugene Onegin"
The ruler is weak and cunning
Bald dandy, enemy of labor
Inadvertently warmed by fame
Then ruled over us
…………………….
Roman A.S. Pushkin, Eugene Onegin was not a work written in a short time. It took Pushkin a long time, almost seven years, to at least partially bring his idea to life.
Chapter first
In this chapter, Eugene Onegin moves to the village to live with his dying uncle. Here the reader will learn about the features of Eugene's daily schedule and his habits. Onegin is a young dandy who is not in the service anywhere, he is a frequenter of dinner parties and dinners - he spends all night at a party and only in the morning appears at home.
The beginning of work on this chapter A.S. Pushkin began in Kishinev on May 9, 1823. In October of the same year, the chapter was written in full, but this was not its final version - the chapter was repeatedly revised and revised.
Chapter Two
Work on writing this chapter began immediately after the end of the first. In Odessa, where Pushkin was at that time, 17 stanzas of the chapter were written. December 8, 1823 the head was ready.
We invite the thoughtful reader to familiarize themselves with the novel by A. S. Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter".
In this chapter, we get acquainted with other characters of the novel - Vladimir Lensky and the Larin sisters. Vladimir Lensky turned out to be Onegin's neighbor, the young poet spends a lot of time with Eugene, he tells him about his beloved Olga Larina.
Chapter Three
In this chapter, Lensky brings Onegin to the Larins and introduces him to the sisters. Onegin remains indifferent, a new acquaintance bores him - Eugene is tired of society.
Tatyana, on the contrary, became very interested in Onegin, she fell in love with him. In this chapter, the girl, languishing from love torment, decides to write a letter with confessions of feelings. And waiting in vain for an answer.
Pushkin began work on the text of the chapter after a month-long break - on February 8, 1824. In October of the same year, the chapter was ready and was published in the same month.
Chapter Four
Pushkin began work on writing this chapter without delay - at the end of October 1824. From time to time, Alexander Sergeevich interrupted to write other works, in particular Boris Godunov, Count Nikulin. On January 6, 1826, the chapter was completed.
In this chapter, we learn that Onegin and Tatyana's feelings are not mutual. Eugene does not answer Tatyana for a long time to her letter, but nevertheless an explanation takes place between the young people. Onegin rejects Tatyana, explaining the fallacy of her choice, but such arguments do not work on a girl in love - she falls into a blues and despondency.
Chapter Five
Christmas time has always been an occasion to learn about your fate through fortune telling. The Larina sisters do not miss this opportunity. Tatyana has a terrible dream in which her lover kills Vladimir Lensky. The girl is very worried, she thinks that this may be a bad sign.
It's time for Tatyana's name day. Onegin, who was weighed down by Tatyana's feelings, does not dare to pay a visit, but Lensky convinces him of the opposite - the bored Onegin is dancing with Olga, which causes Lensky to be jealous. Vladimir leaves in a hurry.
The fifth chapter was started before the end of the fourth. Work on it stretched out - writing was interrupted by work on other works, and only on November 22, 1826 the chapter was completed.
Chapter Six
The manuscripts of this chapter have not survived, so it is impossible to determine the exact dates of its writing. Presumably, work on writing it began immediately after the end of the fifth and lasted until August 1827. In March 1828, the chapter had already appeared in print.
This chapter tells about the duel between Lensky and Onegin. Neither Eugene nor Vladimir seek to resolve the stupidly arisen conflict peacefully - Onegin makes prerequisites to postpone the duel, but this is not enough. The duel ends tragically - Lensky dies on the spot.
Chapter Seven
Onegin goes on a journey. Tatyana, in spite of everything, cannot get rid of her love for Eugene. Olga, on the contrary, easily forgets about Vladimir and marries another person.
From time to time Tatyana comes to Onegin's house, with the permission of the servants, she reads books by Eugene, enters the house. In winter, her mother takes her to Moscow to a bride fair, where a certain general notices the girl.
Pushkin began writing this chapter in August 1827. Just like the previous chapters, the seventh chapter was written intermittently and was published on March 18, 1830.
Chapter Eight
Initially, the eighth chapter of the novel was to be dedicated to Onegin's journey. In September 1830, the chapter was finally completed, but it was not included in the novel. Instead, Pushkin, as the eighth chapter, provided a story about the meeting of Tatyana and Yevgeny in St. Petersburg: returning from his trip, Onegin pays a visit to his relative, where he learns that Tatyana is now a married woman. Eugene is aware of his love for a woman, but nothing can be changed. Tatyana also did not stop loving Yevgeny, but now she is the wife of another person, which means their relationship is doomed.
It took almost a year to write this chapter. Pushkin began writing it in December 1829 and finished in September 1830.
Chapter Ten
According to the original idea of Alexander Sergeevich, it was the tenth chapter that was supposed to be the last. Subsequently, Pushkin abandoned the idea of publishing a chapter about Onegin's journey, and the tenth chapter remained in an unfinished, draft version, so the text of the novel in the final version was presented in 8 chapters. In the tenth chapter, Pushkin assumed a story about Onegin's later life after his explanation with Tatyana. According to the author's idea, Eugene was supposed to go to the Caucasus and die there.
Publication as a separate edition
In the process of writing the novel, Pushkin published the results of his work chapter by chapter. After writing the ninth (in the novel it is the eighth) chapter. Pushkin published all 8 chapters in one edition, which suggests the idea of refusing to publish the remaining chapters of the novel, the argument for the same idea is the postscript in the eighth chapter "The Last Chapter".
The first publication of "Eugene Onegin" in one edition took place in 1833. The second - in January 1837.
Roman A.S. Pushkin "Eugene Onegin" is a very strong poetic work that tells about love, character, selfishness and, in general, about Russia and the life of its people. It was created for almost 7.5 years (from May 9, 1823 to September 25, 1830), becoming a real feat in literary creativity for the poet. Before him, only Byron had dared to write a novel in verse.
First chapter
The work began during Pushkin's stay in Chisinau. For her, the poet even came up with his own special style, later called the “Onegin stanza”: the first 4 lines rhyme crosswise, the next 3 - in pairs, from 9 to 12 - through a ring rhyme, the last 2 are consonant with each other. The first chapter was completed in Odessa, 5 months after the start.
After writing, the original text was revised several times by the poet. Pushkin added new and removed old stanzas from an already completed chapter. It was published in February 1825.
Second chapter
The initial 17 stanzas of the second chapter were created by November 3, 1923, and the last - on December 8, 1923. At this time, Pushkin was still serving under Count Vorontsov. In 1824, being already in, he carefully finalized and completed it. The work was published in print in October 1826, and was published in May 1830. It is interesting that the same month was marked by another event for the poet - the long-awaited engagement with.
Third and fourth chapters
Pushkin wrote the next two chapters from February 8, 1824 to January 6, 1825. Work, especially closer to completion, was carried out intermittently. The reason is simple - the poet at that time wrote, as well as several fairly well-known poems. The third chapter was published in printed form in 1827, and the fourth, dedicated to the poet P. Pletnev (Pushkin's friend), in 1828, already in a revised form.
Chapters five, six and seven
The subsequent chapters were written in about 2 years - from January 4, 1826 to November 4, 1828. They appeared in printed form: part 5 - January 31, 1828, March 6 - March 22, 1828, March 7 - 18, 1830 (in the form of a separate book).
Interesting facts are connected with the fifth chapter of the novel: Pushkin first lost it at cards, then won back, and then completely lost the manuscript. Only a phenomenal memory saved the situation: Leo had already read the chapter and was able to restore it from memory.
Chapter Eight
Pushkin began to work on this part at the end of 1829 (December 24), during his journey along the Georgian Military Highway. The poet finished it on September 25, 1830, already in Boldino. About a year later, in Tsarskoye Selo, he writes that she got married. January 20, 1832 the chapter is published in print. The title page says that it is the last, the work is completed.
Chapter on Eugene Onegin's trip to the Caucasus
This part has come down to us in the form of small excerpts posted in the Moscow Bulletin (in 1827) and the Literary Gazette (in 1830). According to Pushkin's contemporaries, the poet wanted to tell in it about Eugene Onegin's trip to the Caucasus and his death there during a duel. But, for unknown reasons, he never completed this chapter.
The novel "Eugene Onegin" in its entirety was published in one book in 1833. The reprint was carried out in 1837. Although the novel received edits, they were very minor. Today the novel by A.S. Pushkin is studied at school and at the philological faculties. It is positioned as one of the first works in which the author managed to reveal all the pressing problems of his time.
Jan 24 2011
The novel "Eugene Onegin" was written by Pushkin for 8 years. It describes the events of the first quarter of the 19th century, that is, the time of creation and the time of the novel approximately coincide. Reading it, we understand what is unique, because earlier in the world there was not a single novel in verse. The lyrical-epic genre of the work involves the interweaving of two plots - the epic, the main characters of which are Onegin and Tatyana, and the lyrical, where the main character is a character called the Author, that is, the lyrical hero of the novel. "Eugene Onegin" is a realistic novel. The method of realism presupposes the absence of a predetermined, initial clear plan for the development of the action: the images of the heroes develop not simply at the will of the author, the development is due to those psychological and historical features that are embedded in the images. Concluding chapter VIII, he himself emphasizes this feature of the novel:
- And the distance of free romance
- I'm through the magic crystal
- Still unclear.
Defining the novel as a “collection of motley chapters,” Pushkin emphasizes another essential feature of a realistic work: the novel is, as it were, “opened” in time, each chapter could be the last, but it can also have a continuation. Thus, the reader's attention is focused on the independent value of each chapter.
What makes this novel unique is the fact that the breadth of coverage of reality, the multiplot, the description of the distinctive features of the era, its coloring acquired such significance and authenticity that the novel became an encyclopedia of Russian life in the 20s of the last century. Reading the novel, as in an encyclopedia, we can learn everything about that era: about how they dressed and what was in fashion (Onegin’s “wide bolivar” and Tatyana’s crimson beret), the menu of prestigious restaurants, what was going on in the theater (Didelot’s ballets).
Throughout the course of the novel and in lyrical digressions, the poet shows all layers of Russian society of that time: the high society of St. Petersburg, noble Moscow, the local nobility, the peasantry. This allows us to speak of "Eugene Onegin" as a truly folk work. Petersburg of that time collected the best minds of Russia. Fonvizin “shone” there, people of art - Knyazhin, Istomina. The author knew and loved St. Petersburg well, he is accurate in his descriptions, not forgetting either the “salt of worldly anger”, “neither the necessary impudent ones”. Through the eyes of a resident of the capital, Moscow is also shown to us - the “fair of brides”. Describing the Moscow nobility, Pushkin is often sarcastic: in the living rooms he notices "incoherent, vulgar nonsense." But at the same time, he loves Moscow, the heart of Russia: “Moscow… how much this sound has merged for the Russian heart” (it should be doubly pleasant for a Muscovite to read such lines).
Russia, contemporary to the poet, is rural. This is probably why the gallery of characters of the local nobility in the novel is the most representative. Let's look at the characters presented to us by Pushkin. The handsome Lensky, "with a soul directly Goettingen", - a romantic of the German warehouse, "an admirer of Kant." But Lensky's poems are imitative. They are parodied through and through, but they do not parody individual authors, but the clichés of romanticism themselves. mother Tatyana is rather tragic: “Without asking for advice, the girl was taken to the crown.” She “rushed and cried at first,” but replaced it with a habit: “She salted mushrooms for the winter, kept expenses, shaved her foreheads.” The appearance of Pushkin's novel "Eugene Onegin" had a huge impact on the further development of Russian literature. It is also important that the protagonist of the novel, as it were, opens up a whole gallery of “superfluous people” in Russian literature: Pechorin, Oblomov will continue it.
With the title of the novel, Pushkin emphasizes the central position of Onegin among other heroes of the work. Onegin is a secular young, metropolitan aristocrat who received a typical upbringing for that time under the guidance of a French tutor in the spirit of literature, cut off from national and popular soil. He leads the life of "golden youth": balls, walks along Nevsky Prospekt, visits to theaters. Although Onegin studied "something and somehow", he still has a high level of culture, differing in this respect from the majority of noble society. Pushkin's hero is a product of this society, but at the same time he is alien to it. The nobility of the soul, the “sharp chilled mind” set him apart from the environment of aristocratic youth, gradually lead to disappointment in the life and interests of secular society, to dissatisfaction with the political and social situation: No, his feelings cooled down early, He was bored with the noise of light ...
The emptiness of life torments Onegin, he is overcome by spleen, boredom, and he leaves secular society, trying to engage in socially useful activities. The lordly upbringing, the lack of the habit of work (“hard work was sickening to him”) played a role, and Onegin does not complete any of his undertakings. He lives "without purpose, without labor." In the village, Onegin behaves humanely towards the peasants, but he does not think about their fate, he is more tormented by his own moods, a sense of the emptiness of life.
Having broken with secular society and being cut off from the life of the people, he loses contact with people. He rejects the love of Tatyana Larina, a gifted, morally pure girl, unable to unravel the depths of her requests, the originality of nature. Onegin kills his friend Lensky, succumbing to class prejudice, frightened by the "whisper, laughter of fools." In a depressed state of mind, Onegin leaves the village and begins wandering around Russia. These wanderings give him the opportunity to take a fuller look at life, to reassess his attitude to the surrounding reality, to understand how fruitlessly he wasted his life. Onegin returns to the capital and meets the same picture of the life of secular society. Love for Tatyana, now a married woman, flares up in him. But Tatyana has unraveled the selfishness and selfishness underlying the feelings for her, and rejects Onegin's love. With Onegin's love for Tatyana, Pushkin emphasizes that his hero is capable of moral rebirth, that he is not a cool person, the forces of life still boil in him, which, according to the poet's plan, should have awakened in Onegin the desire for social activity.
The image of Eugene Onegin opens up a whole gallery of “superfluous people”. Following Pushkin, images of Pechorin, Oblomov, Rudin, Laevsky were created. All these images are an artistic reflection of Russian reality.
“Eugene Onegin” is a realistic novel in verse, as it presents the reader with truly living images of Russian people of the early 19th century. The novel gives a broad artistic generalization of the main trends in Russian social development. One can say about the novel in the words of the poet himself - this is in which “the century and modern man are reflected”. “The encyclopedia of Russian life” called Pushkin's novel by V. G. Belinsky.
In this novel, as in an encyclopedia, you can learn everything about the era, about the culture of that time: about how they dressed and what was in fashion (”wide bolivar”, tailcoat, Onegin’s vest, Tatyana’s crimson beret), menus of prestigious restaurants (” bloody steak”, cheese, bubbly ai, champagne, Strasbourg pie), what was going on in the theater (Didro’s ballets), who performed (the dancer Istomina). You can even draw up the exact daily routine of a young man. No wonder P. A. Pletnev, a friend of Pushkin, wrote about the first chapter of “Eugene Onegin”: “Your Onegin will be a pocket mirror of Russian youth.”
Throughout the course of the novel and in lyrical digressions, the poet shows all layers of Russian society of that time: the high society of St. Petersburg, noble Moscow, the local nobility, the peasantry - that is, the whole people. This allows us to speak of "Eugene Onegin" as a truly folk work.
Petersburg of that time was the habitat of the best people in Russia - the Decembrists, writers. There “shone Fonvizin, a friend of freedom”, people of art - Knyaznin, Istomina. The author knew and loved St. Petersburg well, he is accurate in his descriptions, not forgetting either “the salt of worldly anger”, “necessary fools”, “starched impudent ones”, and the like.
Through the eyes of a metropolitan resident, Moscow is shown to us - the “fair of brides”. Moscow is provincial, somewhat patriarchal. Describing the Moscow nobility, Pushkin is often sarcastic: in the living rooms he notices "incoherent vulgar nonsense." But at the same time, the poet loves Moscow, the heart of Russia: "Moscow ... How much has merged in this sound for the Russian heart." He is proud of Moscow in the 12th year: “Napoleon, intoxicated with his last happiness, waited in vain for Moscow kneeling with the keys of the old Kremlin.”
Contemporary Russia is rural, and he emphasizes this with a play on words in the epigraph to the second chapter. This is probably why the gallery of characters of the local nobility in the novel is the most representative. Let's try to consider the main types of landowners shown by Pushkin. How a comparison immediately suggests itself with another great study of Russian life in the 19th century - Gogol's poem Dead Souls.
The handsome Lensky, “with a heart straight out of Goettingham,” a German romantic, “an admirer of Kant,” if he hadn’t died in a duel, could, according to the author, have the future of a great poet or, in twenty years, turn into a sort of Manilov and end his life the way old Larin or Uncle Onegin.
The tenth chapter of Onegin is completely devoted to the Decembrists. Pushkin unites himself with the Decembrists Lunin and Yakushkin, foreseeing "in this crowd of nobles the liberators of the peasants." The appearance of Pushkin's novel "Eugene Onegin" had a huge impact on the further development of Russian literature. The penetrating lyricism inherent in the novel has become an integral feature of "The Noble Nest", "and the World", "The Cherry Orchard". It is also important that the protagonist of the novel, as it were, opens up a whole gallery of “superfluous people” in Russian literature: Pechorin, Rudin, Oblomov.
Need a cheat sheet? Then save it - "The creative history of the creation of the novel" Eugene Onegin ". Literary writings!What should everyone know about the famous novel in verse by Alexander Pushkin?
Text: Evgenia Vovchenko, Artem Novichenkov, writer, teacher of the course "School Literature"
Photo: play "Eugene Onegin" by the Vakhtangov Theatre. Director: Rimas Tuminas/vachtangova.ru.
"Eugene Onegin" by Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin is one of the most classic (if I may say so) works. Even those who have not mastered this novel in verse in its entirety are aware of all the events, because they certainly watched at least one of the adaptations, and possibly went to the theater. In extreme cases, you can always read a summary, and the fact that it is in prose is even more convenient. But to quote: “My uncle of the most honest rules…” or "I'm writing to you - why more?" everyone can. Because to admit in a decent society that you have not read or read, but forgot "Eugene Onegin", seems simply indecent. Therefore, the Year of Literature.RF, together with the YES TO READING literature educational project, decided to remind you of 10 facts about Eugene Onegin that will make you feel like an educated person in any society. And schoolchildren will be able to test their knowledge and find out if they are so well prepared for the upcoming
1.
"Eugene Onegin" was written for
7 years, 4 months and 17 days.
2.
The work was not published immediately, but partially, chapter by chapter.
Pushkin did not hide the fact that, among other things, this was explained by economic benefits.
The chapters were published as separate books, and then intertwined. 
3.
The name "Eugene Onegin" tells the reader - a contemporary of Pushkin, that
the hero, whose name is indicated in the title of the book, could not possibly be real.
It consists of the following: Eugene Onegin is a nobleman. But the name of a real nobleman could be associated with the river only if the entire river was in his possession. It is difficult to imagine the sole ownership of Onega.
Similarly with the surname of Vladimir Lensky. 
4.
Interestingly, when he started writing the first chapters, he did not have a general idea in his head. He lined up in the course of writing. And despite this, all the storylines seem to be arithmetically calculated and connected into a single whole. 
5.
In the first chapters, real people appeared from the environment of the young Pushkin. Mostly theater people.
6.
The fifth chapter was played by Pushkin in cards.
(Alexander Sergeevich was an avid gambler and even had a special note with the Moscow police as a well-known banker.) Having lost all the money, Pushkin, in the heat of excitement, tried to win back and put the manuscript of the 5th chapter, which also had a very real value: the publisher paid Pushkin 25 rubles per line! They began to play again, and again Pushkin lost - the manuscript passed to Zagryazhsky. Then Alexander Sergeevich put a box with dueling pistols on the line ... And - luck smiled at him: he won back "Onegin", his money loss, and even "pinched" his playing partner for a thousand and a half!
True, Pushkin himself categorically denied the fact of losing the manuscript, assuring that he "paid with copies of the book." 
7.
Pushkin himself had 20 duels.
What is curious: the last duel, with Dantes, took place for the same reason as Onegin had with Lensky - however, in a rather general sense. On the other hand, the poet, unfortunately, foresaw the technical details of his own death quite accurately: Dantes, like Onegin, fired without reaching the barrier, while Pushkin, like Lensky, was only aiming. And one more coincidence: Onegin and Dantes at that moment were 25 years old each. 
8.
The lines about the burial place of Lensky make it clear that Lensky is not buried in the cemetery. Because
duels were banned, his death was most likely presented as a suicide,
to avoid scandal, and buried outside the cemetery.
“There is a place: to the left of the village,
Where did the pet of inspiration live,
Two pines have grown together with their roots;
Beneath them the trickles meandered
Creek of the neighboring valley.
There the plowman likes to rest,
And plunge the reapers into the waves
Ringing jugs come;
There by the stream in the thick shade
A simple monument has been erected."
9.
Pushkin, wanting to give the work a more finished look, initially wanted to either send Eugene Onegin to fight in the Caucasus, or turn him into a Decembrist. However, in the end, he allowed the reader to think out the ending.
10.
And why is Eugene Onegin still an encyclopedia of Russian life?
In the novel, as in the encyclopedia, you can learn everything about the era: about how they dressed and what was in fashion, what people valued most, what they talked about, what interests they lived. Briefly, but quite clearly, the author showed the fortress village, the lordly Moscow, secular St. Petersburg. "Eugene Onegin" reflected the whole of Russian life. 
If you want to know more, come to the educational courses of the YES TO READING project. All the details in the groups of the project in social networks.