Can the relationship between Bazarov and Arkady be called friendship? The theme of friendship in the novel by I. S. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons" (School essays) Test of friendship between Bazarov and Arkady
Bazarov and Arkady. The theme of friendship. Friendship is the spiritual closeness of people, mutual understanding, readiness to understand another person, to help him in a difficult situation. If there is no mutual understanding between friends, then there can be no true friendship. I. S. Turgenev writes about this in the novel "Fathers and Sons".
Its main character is Evgeny Bazarov. He is a modern man, a nihilist. Bazarov is fond of the natural sciences, is preparing to become a doctor, dreams of transformations in Russia, of improving the life of the peasantry. Arkady Kirsanov is drawn to Bazarov precisely because he is not like the others, he is passionate about new ideas. Kirsanov tries to imitate his friend. But for Bazarov, Arkady is a young boy, a romantic, to whom he treats with indulgence.
Arkady and Eugene were brought up in different conditions. Kirsanov grew up in the rich landowner's house of his father, from childhood he was surrounded by parental care and affection. Life in the village flowed sleepily and leisurely. Nikolai Petrovich, his father, lived like other landowners, "occasionally went hunting and took care of the household."
Eugene's parents live much more modestly, in a small village house covered with a thatched roof. His family is closer to the common people: his father is a former military man, his mother is "a real Russian noblewoman of the past." They live the old fashioned way, accustomed to work. And Evgeny, in a dispute with Pavel Petrovich, proudly declares: "My grandfather plowed the land." Yevgeny was accustomed to work from childhood, and even on vacation at the Kirsanovs' estate, "Arkady sybaritized, Bazarov worked." He conducts experiments on frogs, heals ordinary people. Arkady strives to help a friend, but I think that the natural sciences are not his passion. He is closer to nature, music, poetry. And yet Kirsanov is drawn to Bazarov as a person, it is not without reason that he pronounces the word "nihilist" with such pathos. In the house of the Kirsanov Bazars, a stranger, the old people do not share his convictions, they have their own principles.
It is strange to them that Bazarov denies art, poetry, religion, love. And it is hard for Arkady to understand the beliefs of a friend, although he supports him. Kirsanov Jr. finds his happiness in love for Katya Odintsova, because these heroes have a lot in common.
Family happiness is important for Arkady. Bazarov falls in love with Katya's sister, Anna Odintsova. However, Anna rejects his feelings. Gradually, Bazarov and Arkady are increasingly moving away from each other, because they do not have common interests. Moreover, Eugene himself repels his friend: “You are a tender soul, a weakling, where can you hate! .. You are a nice fellow, but you are still a soft, liberal barich ...”.
In my opinion, Bazarov himself is to blame for his loneliness. None of the people around him understand or accept nihilism. Yevgeny himself repels both his lovely, kind parents and Arkady. Kirsanov is sorry to say goodbye to a friend, because his soul cannot hate someone, push him away. If you want to have real friends, then you must accept them, perhaps reconcile with some shortcomings, and not impose your opinion. The strong, of course, can subjugate the weak, but this is not friendship, but only admiration. True friendship is built on mutual understanding, common interests and the ability to yield.
As soon as the novel by Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev "Fathers and Sons" was published, a flurry of criticism rained down on its author. The fact is that the writer supported at that time a very interesting wave in the development of Russian literature, begun by A.S. Pushkin, and created his own "hero of time". And, like most of these characters, whose representatives are Eugene Onegin, and Grigory Pechorin, and Oblomov, and even the unnamed protagonist of Sergei Minaev’s modern novel “Duhless: A Tale of a Fake Man,” he remained a misunderstood reader and, of course, criticism.
A little later, literary critics will call this literary phenomenon the term "extra person" - this is a hero who has no place in the surrounding realities.
So, the reader and critics sharply opposed the novel, along with its main character, a student of the medical faculty Yevgeny Bazarov. I.S. Turgenev from Paris wrote to his friend, F.M. Dostoevsky, in a letter dated May 4, 1862, that he was extremely disappointed that “Fathers and Sons” turned out to be not understood by anyone, with the exception of the aforementioned Dostoevsky and Botkin: “no one seems to suspect that I tried to present a tragic face in it - and everyone is interpreting: "why is he so bad?" or “why is he so good?”.
Turgenev was accused of not understanding Russian culture and life, referring to the fact that the writer lived in Russia for extremely short periods, and more in Europe. However, this was precisely the main achievement of Ivan Sergeevich! Thanks to his peculiar “remoteness” from the life of his homeland, he was able to so subtly capture all the changes taking place in it, to look from the outside at what the “blurred” Russian eye and tired Russian mind no longer saw, did not notice. A few years after the release of the novel, such Bazarovs will turn out to be a ubiquitous phenomenon.
Turgenev turned out to be much more perspicacious than the advanced people of the state. He predicted a colossal social phenomenon and explained that it was absolutely imperfect.
The main problem put forward in the title is interpreted in an interesting way: fathers and children. It seems that we should be talking about the confrontation between two generations - and at first it seems that this is really the case. On the side of the "children" are Evgeny Bazarov and his close friend, Arkady Kirsanov. Later it may seem that both Katya and Anna Sergeevna belong to the same generation.
However, if you look into it, it turns out that the conflict is much deeper - it is a conflict of social trends, worldviews, views, and even to some extent a conflict of social inequality. At some point, it turns out that the "children" in the novel are represented only by Bazarov - he is alone against the whole world. One of the most striking storylines that allows you to understand as deeply as possible the author's idea of \u200b\u200bFathers and Sons is the line of friendship between Arkady and Eugene - and the question is whether this relationship can be called friendship.
Almost from the first pages of the novel, immediately after the appearance of two student friends, it becomes clear that Arkady perceives his friend as ... a mentor, as an idol, an idol. He literally "looks into the mouth" of Bazarov, subdued by his courage, non-triviality of views.
Eugene looks like an advanced person of his time, which is very attractive to the homely and gentle Arkady, who first encountered such an “unusual” person.
Bazarov, on the other hand, treats his comrade patronizingly; he really tries to teach him everything that interests him, thereby paradoxically violating the nihilistic principle of not taking any authority for granted, no matter how respected he is. Arkady trusts Bazarov, frankly with him, catches his every word. It is no coincidence that Turgenev, speaking about their relationship, points out a small detail: in disputes with Bazarov, Arkady always came out the loser, although he spoke much more than his mentor. One involuntarily recalls a tiny note from Pechorin’s journal, in which he writes about Dr. Werner in this way: “We soon understood each other and became friends, because I am incapable of friendship: of two friends, one is always the slave of the other ...”. Unfortunately, in this tandem, the second roles were given to Kirsanov Jr.
Through trial and error, this young and innocent flower, reaching out to everything new, as if to the sun, nevertheless finds exactly its own life path. At home, in the atmosphere familiar to him, he sees and notices all the inferiority of Bazarov's worldview. Arkady is incapable of despising people, especially relatives, he is sensitive and gentle, amorous and sincere. Bazarov, locking his own ardent heart in a cage of all-denial, is weak; he is most afraid of admitting that his anti-humanist theory, like that of Raskolnikov, is defeated, it turns out to be meaningless, unviable.
It is worth noting an interesting detail: Odintsova's house, where Bazarov's feeling for the owner of the house is born, is painted yellow. The walls of psychiatric hospitals were painted the same way. This subtle parallel, almost unnoticed by the reader, is a very interesting symbol: having fallen in love with Odintsova, Eugene begins to feel a painful break with his own ideology, which results in a nervous breakdown.
Arkady, as if in opposition to a former friend, on the contrary, is happy in his love for Katya. His story ends in the best possible way - he creates a family with his beloved woman. It is in this episode that the final break between him and Bazarov takes place. Perhaps, like Pechorin, Bazarov was not capable of true friendship, and therefore his relationship with Arkady cannot be considered anything other than friendship and, to some extent, cooperation. Eugene was too tough, complex, multifaceted personality. He did not have the strength to treat as an equal anyone who, in his convictions, was in any way weaker in spirit than himself. There is no one so strong in the novel, with the exception of ... Pavel Petrovich! But Bazarov cannot get along with him either, because he locks his desperate heart, not allowing feelings to break free.
As planned by Turgenev, Bazarov, like all loners, is severely punished by fate: he dies, realizing that "Russia does not need him." Indeed, this advanced man, maximalistic in his convictions, was too far ahead of reality and was thrown overboard by life. Pavel Petrovich, another loner, is punished no less: he is forced to leave his native estate. Only those who do not pull the strap of life alone turn out to be happy: Odintsova with her new husband, Katya with Arkady, Kirsanov Sr. and Fenechka.
Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev surprisingly accurately and harshly demonstrates the futility and futility of nihilism as a social phenomenon. No wonder the writer ends his novel with these words: “No matter how passionate, sinful, rebellious the heart is hidden in the grave, the flowers growing on it serenely look at us with their innocent eyes: they tell us not only about eternal peace, about that great peace” indifferent" nature; they also speak of eternal reconciliation and endless life…”
Evgeny Bazarov and Arkady Kirsanov studied together at the university and became friends, they participated in the same youth movement of nihilists. Kirsanov was not really a nihilist to the marrow of his bones like Bazarov, so he got bored very soon. Arkady Kirsanov grew up in an intelligent family of a nobleman, who valued poetry and art. Bazarov, on the contrary, was skeptical about this direction and believed that Arkady was a soft-bodied person and a weakling.
Yevgeny Bazarov did not want to admit that in the family of Arkady they tried to preserve all the traditions of the family and brought up the spiritual qualities that Bazarov so denied. Arkady likes Bazarov's eccentricity, together they try to find the truth of life by trial and error. Kirsanov is a young man who still lacks the wisdom of his father and uncle to understand what is important for him in this life.
Evgeny Vasilyevich Bazarov comes from an ordinary, simple family, he denies absolutely all feelings and family traditions. Evgeny Bazarov is a very sharp and rude person, he is even shy of his parents and is not ashamed to show it. Bazarov is a peculiar personality, he is trying to break all the old foundations and create his own new ones.
Bazarov does not agree with Kirsanov Sr. and always tries to argue with him, but this is not some specific dispute, but simply because Bazarov does not understand the older generation and is trying to create a new story. Each of the opponents of the dispute is right in his own way, but none of them can yield to the other. Kirsanov Sr. is right that the legacy of the ancestors cannot be erased from life, and Evgeny Bazarov is right that it is still worth changing something. Both of them want the best for their country, they just go for it in different ways.
The friendship between Arkady and Bazarov cracks at the moment when young people fall in love with the girls Ekaterina and Anna. It is very difficult for Bazarov to have a feeling that he so stubbornly denies and does not want to accept. Arkady, on the contrary, realizes what is most important for him in this life and which road he will now take in life. Bazarov, unable to cope with his feelings, nevertheless remains alone and dies a lonely unfortunate person.
Turgenev wanted to say in his novel that people like Bazarov will always exist, but they always turn out to be superfluous in this life and useless to anyone. Bazarov could not choose what was still more important for him and did not draw conclusions.
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The novel "Fathers and Sons" was the result of I.S. Turgenev about the search for the hero of time. At this turning point for the country, each of the writers wanted to create an image that would represent a person of the future. Turgenev could not find a person in modern society who would embody all his expectations.
The image of the main character and his views
Bazarov, whose views on life are still an interesting object of study, is the central character of the novel. He is a nihilist, that is, a person who does not recognize any authority. He questions and ridicules everything that has established itself in society as worthy of respect and reverence. Nihilism determines the behavior and attitude of Bazarov towards others. It is possible to understand what the hero of Turgenev is like only when the main storylines in the novel are considered. The main thing to pay attention to is between Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov, as well as Bazarov's relationship with Anna Odintsova, Arkady Kirsanov and his parents.
Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov
In the clash of these two characters, the external conflict in the novel is manifested. Pavel Petrovich is a representative of the older generation. Everything in his behavior annoys Eugene. From the very moment of their meeting, they feel antipathy towards each other, the characters are engaged in dialogue-disputes in which Bazarov manifests himself as clearly as possible. The quotes that he utters about nature, art, family, can be used as separate means of characterizing him. If Pavel Petrovich treats art with trepidation, then Bazarov denies its value. For representatives of the older generation, nature is a place where you can relax with your body and soul, feel harmony and peace inside yourself, it must be appreciated, it is worthy of the paintings of artists. For the nihilists, nature is "not a temple, but a workshop." Most of all, people like Bazarov value science, in particular, the achievements of the German materialists.
Bazarov and Arkady Kirsanov
Bazarov's attitude towards others characterizes him as a whole as a good-natured person. Of course, those people to whom he feels antipathy, he does not spare. Therefore, it may even seem that he is too arrogant and arrogant. But he always treated Arkady with warmth. Bazarov saw that he would never become a nihilist. After all, they are too different with Arkady. Kirsanov Jr. wants to have a family, peace, home comfort ... He admires the mind of Bazarov, the strength of his character, but he himself will never be like that. Bazarov does not behave very noble when Arkady visits his parents' house. He insults Pavel Petrovich and Nikolai Petrovich, calling them pompous aristocrats. Such behavior reduces the image of the protagonist.
Bazarov and Anna Odintsova
The heroine, which becomes the cause of internal conflict in the soul of the protagonist. This is a very beautiful and intelligent woman, she conquers everyone with some coldness and majesty. And so Eugene, confident that mutual attachments are impossible between people, falls in love. He was able to conquer some kind of "woman", as Bazarov himself calls Odintsova at first. His gaze is shattered. However, the heroes are not destined to be together. Bazarov is unable to recognize Odintsova's power over himself. He is in love, suffers, his declaration of love is more like an accusation: "You have achieved your goal." In turn, Anna is also not ready to give up her calmness, she is ready to give up love, just not to worry. Bazarov's life cannot be called happy, because at first he was convinced that there was no love, and then, when he truly fell in love, the relationship did not work out.
Relationship with parents
Bazarov's parents are very kind and sincere people. They are in their talented son. Bazarov, whose eyes do not allow tenderness, is too cold towards them. The father tries to be unobtrusive, is embarrassed to pour out his feelings in front of his son, reassures his wife in every possible way, telling her that she bothers her son with excessive guardianship and care. Fearing that Eugene will leave their house again, they try their best to please him.
Attitude towards pseudo-nihilists
There are two characters in the novel, Bazarov's attitude towards them is contemptuous. These are the pseudonihilists of Kukshin and Sitnikov. Bazarov, whose views allegedly impress these heroes, is an idol for them. They themselves are nothing. They flaunt their nihilistic principles, but in fact they do not adhere to them. These heroes shout slogans without understanding their meaning. Eugene despises them, demonstrates his disdain in every possible way. In dialogues with Sitnikov, he is clearly much higher. Bazarov's attitude towards the pseudo-nihilists around him elevates the image of the protagonist, but reduces the status of the nihilistic movement itself.
So, the way Bazarov treats people allows you to better understand his image. He is cold in communication, sometimes arrogant, but still he is a kind young man. Can't say it's bad. The hero's views on life and the interaction of people are decisive in them. Of course, his most important advantage is honesty and intelligence.
All essays on literature for grade 10 Team of authors
29. Friendship of Bazarov and Arkady in the novel by I. S. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons"
Arkady and Bazarov are very different people, and the friendship that has arisen between them is all the more surprising. Despite belonging to the same era, young people are very different. It must be taken into account that they initially belong to different circles of society. Arkady is the son of a nobleman, from early childhood he absorbed what Bazarov despises and denies in his nihilism. Kirsanov's father and uncle are intelligent people who value aesthetics, beauty and poetry. From the point of view of Bazarov, Arkady is a soft-hearted "barich", a weakling. Bazarov does not want to admit that the liberality of the Kirsanovs is the result of a deep education, artistic talent and high spirituality of nature. Bazarov denies such qualities as completely unnecessary. However, in this case, we are talking not only about intelligence, but also about the deep continuity of the experience of previous generations, about the preservation of traditions and the entire cultural heritage.
The family theme played a big role in Russian literature, so the demonstration of intra-family conflict turned out to be revolutionary. The integrity and harmony of society were measured by the unity of the family. Consequently, such problems turned out to be not just problems of the family, but also problems of the whole society.
Bazarov attracted Arkady with his sharpness, originality and courage. For a young "baric" such personalities were a curiosity. Arkady has become a kind of embodiment of youth, which is drawn to everything new and unusual, easily carried away by new ideas, has a keen interest in life in all its manifestations. Arkady is looking for his own life path by trial and error. His attitude to traditions, authorities and other things important to his father is rather frivolous. He lacks the wisdom of years, tolerance and attention to other people that his father has. The conflict between Arkady and Nikolai Petrovich does not carry any political beginning, it is cleared of social motives. Its essence is the eternal misunderstanding between youth and old age. However, this position is not at all contrary to the nature of things. On the contrary, old age is a guarantor of the preservation of moral values, cultural heritage and traditions in society. Youth, in turn, provides the movement of progress with its craving for everything new and unknown.
Evgeny Vasilyevich Bazarov is a completely different matter. He came from a simple family, he is even somewhat ashamed of his parents. He is harsh, at times rude, resolute, categorical in his judgments and peremptory in his conclusions. He quite sincerely believes that a good chemist is worth twenty poets. He does not understand the role of culture in society. He offers to destroy everything in order to start writing history anew from a clean slate. By this, he sometimes drives Pavel Petrovich, with whom he argues, into despair. We see the maximalism of both sides, taken to the extreme. Neither one nor the other is willing to give in to each other and recognize the correctness of the opponent. This is their main mistake. All parties are right up to a certain point. Pavel Petrovich is also right, speaking about the need to preserve the heritage of his ancestors, rights, and Bazarov, speaking about the need for change. Both sides are sides of the same coin. Both of them are sincerely concerned about the fate of their native country, but their methods are different.
The friendship of Bazarov and Arkady Kirsanov begins to crack when Bazarov falls in love with Odintsova, and Arkady with Katya. This is where their difference comes into play. If the feeling is hard for Bazarov, he cannot surrender to love, then Arkady and Katya learn to be themselves. Bazarov moves away from his friend, as if feeling his rightness, and not his own.
The image of Arkady was drawn in order to set off the image of Bazarov and show the versatility of human nature and the same social problem. This makes the image of Bazarov even more lonely and tragic. Bazarov is considered, like Rudin, Pechorin, Onegin and Oblomov, "an extra person." He has no place in this life, although such rebels always arise in troubled times.
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