The problem of national character in the work of N. S. Leskov “The Enchanted Wanderer. Analysis of the work "The Enchanted Wanderer" (Leskov) The Enchanted Wanderer theme of love
"The Enchanted Wanderer", written in 1873, entered the cycle of stories about the righteous. At the center of this work is the problem of the Russian national character, which Leskov highlighted in connection with the image of the protagonist, Ivan Severyanych Flyagin. It is important to note that this character is at the center of the entire system of images. He cannot be called a typical representative of the people - he is a bright, exceptional personality. The social characteristics of the character are important. “I was born in the rank of serf and come from the household people of Count K. from the Oryol province ... My parent was the coachman Severyan ...” - says the hero. Thus, we see that for Leskov the main thing is the spiritual essence of man. In this the author is akin to Dostoevsky and clearly opposed to the writers of the "natural school". Dostoevsky in most of his works considered human life, not paying attention to social characteristics. So, for example, in the novel "Crime and Punishment" one of the main problems is the moral rebirth of the hero through suffering. The writers of the “natural school” considered the social sphere of life to be the main subject of the image.
Thus, in the work "The Enchanted Wanderer" the author's attention is concentrated on the spiritual evolution of the hero, and the material side of life is ignored by him.
The most important features of the Russian national character are embodied in the image of Flyagin.
For the first time in the story, the hero appears in the guise of a Chernoriz hero. It embodies the heroic spirit of the Russian people. Leskov emphasizes physical strength in the hero, comparing Ivan Severyanych with Ilya Muromets: “He was in the full sense of the word a hero, and moreover, a typical, simple-hearted, kind Russian hero, reminiscent of grandfather Ilya Muromets in the beautiful picture of Vereshchagin and in the poem of Count A. Tolstoy. This brings Leskov's work closer to the Russian epic. But this is a hero not only by virtue, but also by nature. It is filled with irrepressible vitality.
Consider some episodes from the life of Flyagin.
Let's remember the fight with the "uniform officer". Ivan Severyanych says: “... I shoved him so lightly, he is ready: he flew and pulled up the ports, and the saber bent to the side.” That is, we see that the main character did not have much difficulty in defeating his opponent.
At another point in his life, Flyagin clashes with the Tatars and wins, although "not without difficulty, but overpowered him."
These episodes reflected the pagan idea of the people about the heroism and physical strength. But the hero shows not only strength, but also courage. This side of Flyagin's character is manifested in the episode of pacifying the horse.
A Russian person is not characterized by such character traits as accuracy, moderation, prudence; it feels revelry and excess in all hobbies. Here Leskov clearly continues Gogol's traditions. In the author's digression about Rus' in the poem Dead Souls, Gogol talks about the Russian song, in which Russian characters are expressed, about the boundless thought that is inherent in the Russian person, about the heroic character of the Russian people.
The hero shows excitement and amazing energy at the climax of his life. When the minutes of tension pass, he again becomes lazy, even slow. This is also a feature of the Russian national character. Here Leskov is close to Turgenev, who highlights this feature in the story "Singers" from "Notebook Hunter". Singing is a unique episode in the life of a people. Turgenev emphasizes the contrast between the spiritual power of the people and their daily life, which is gray and sad. And in The Enchanted Wanderer, the hero awakens precisely at the climax of life, showing the depth and uniqueness of the Russian soul.
Leskov showed another feature of the Russian national character - self-esteem, inherent not only to nobles and landowners, but also to a simple peasant. And it is the people's peasant pride that Flyagin possesses. This is evident in the author's description. “He behaved boldly, self-confidently, although without unpleasant swagger,” writes Leskov. He sought to prove that self-esteem, self-confidence are also characteristic of a simple Russian peasant. Leskov notes the hero's dislike for princes and nobles. Ivan Severyanych says: "Our princes ... weak-hearted and not courageous, and their strength is the most insignificant."
An important feature of a Russian person, according to Leskov, is the irrationality of thinking. He never acts according to logic, a significant role in his actions is played by the spontaneous-emotional principle. Ivan Severyanych takes not with his mind, not with cunning, but with his natural instinct. He cannot explain to the Englishman what exactly helped him to subdue the horse. “What is the secret? This is stupidity,” he says. The author shows that there is no logic in people's actions; he acts as an opponent of all theories that subjugate human life.
The fatalistic comprehension by the hero of his fate is connected with the idea of alienness to the Russian man of the elements of rationality. The Russian man, believing in providence, built his life according to God's providence, and not according to theory. Here the prophecy of the monk, which influenced the fate of the hero, matters: “You will die many times and you will never die until your real death comes.”
It is important to note that Ivan Severyanych was not a righteous person who completely relied on God's will - he first of all hoped for his own common sense. All his actions are due to a reasonable view of reality. His departure to the monastery is explained only by the fact that he had nowhere else to go.
In this work, the author showed the closeness of the Russian person to nature, which, first of all, manifests itself in the hero in a passion for horses. “And I feel that my soul rushed to her, to this horse, my dear passion,” says Ivan Severyanych. Note that the image of the "white filly" resembles the image of a trinity bird from Gogol's "Dead Souls".
Another feature of the Russian national character, noted by Leskov, is the artistry and artistic sensitivity of a person.
Flyagin's love for Grusha, worship before her is the best proof of this.
Another property of a Russian person, noted by Gogol, is spiritual sensitivity. Ivan Severyanych, feeling compassion for the blessed, replaces the son of old parents and goes to war under a false name. On another occasion, he stands up for a young artist who was "baked" by a collegiate secretary.
But in the Russian man, according to Leskov, there is also a cruel beginning. This character trait is shown in the episode with the cat, when Flyagin whipped the animal almost to death, and then chopped off the tail. Despite such cruelty, we see that Flyagin is a deeply religious person. It is in Christianity, in his faith, that he finds the strength to endure all the suffering that has befallen him.
And at the same time, the hero is constantly accompanied by demonic temptation. A typical example of this is a suicide attempt. However, Russian people are marked not only by great sin, but by great repentance. The very confession of the hero is a harsh judgment on the past life, it is self-purification, relief of the soul. But the desire for repentance is combined with the fact that in the monastery he retained a rebellious spirit: it was not for nothing that he was sent on a pilgrimage to Solovki. It is in the hero's awareness of his own imperfection that the pledge of his possible spiritual evolution lies. From a free son of nature, Ivan Severyanych turns into a significant personality with a deep connection with his homeland and people. Behind his physical strength lies his desire for a heroic, patriotic feat. True love for the Russian land awakens in his soul precisely in captivity, in the Tatar camp. In understanding the hero's patriotism, everyday traditions also matter.
So, in the work "The Enchanted Wanderer" Leskov revealed many aspects of the Russian national character. He noted the heroic spirit of the Russian people, combined with self-esteem, emphasizes that faith in fate, associated with the irrationality of his thinking, plays a huge role in the consciousness of a Russian person. But the most important feature of the Russian people is faith in God.
Many are familiar with the work of Nikolai Leskov "The Enchanted Wanderer". Indeed, this story is one of the most famous in Leskov's work. We will now make a brief analysis of the story "The Enchanted Wanderer", look at the history of writing the work, discuss the main characters and draw conclusions.
So, Leskov wrote the story "The Enchanted Wanderer" in the period from 1872 to 1973. The fact is that the idea appeared during the author's journey through the waters of Karelia, when in 1872 he went to the island of Valaam, a famous shelter for monks. By the end of the same year, the story was almost finished and was even being prepared for publication under the title "Black Earth Telemak". But the publishing house refused to publish the work, considering it raw and unfinished. Leskov did not retreat, turning for help to the editors of the Novy Mir magazine, where the story was accepted and published. Before we make a direct analysis of the story "The Enchanted Wanderer", we will briefly consider the essence of the plot.
Analysis of The Enchanted Wanderer, main character
The events of the story take place on Lake Ladoga, where travelers met, whose goal is Valaam. Let's get acquainted with one of them - coneser Ivan Severyanych, who is dressed in a cassock, he told the others that from his youth he has a wonderful gift, thanks to which he can tame any horse. The interlocutors are interested in hearing the life story of Ivan Severyanych.
The hero of The Enchanted Wanderer, Ivan Severyanych Flyagin, begins the story by saying that his homeland is the Oryol province, he comes from the family of Count K. As a child, he fell in love with horses terribly. Once, for fun, he beat one monk so much that he died, which shows the attitude of the protagonist to human life, which is important in The Enchanted Wanderer, which we are now analyzing. Further, the main character talks about other events of his life - amazing and strange.
It is very interesting to note the consistent organization of the story in general. Why can you define it as a tale? Because Leskov built the narrative as oral speech, which imitates an improvisational story. At the same time, not only the manner of the main character-narrator Ivan Flyagin is reproduced, but also the peculiarity of the speech of other characters is reflected.
In total, there are 20 chapters in The Enchanted Wanderer, the first chapter is a kind of exposition or prologue, and the other chapters directly tell the life story of the protagonist, and each of them is a complete story. If we talk about the logic of the tale, it is clear that the key role here is played not by the chronological sequence of events, but by the memories and associations of the narrator. The story resembles the canon of life, as some literary critics say: that is, first we learn about the childhood years of the hero, then life is consistently described, it is also clear how he struggles with temptations and temptations.
conclusions
The protagonist in the analysis of The Enchanted Wanderer typically represents the people, and his strength, as well as his abilities, reflect the qualities inherent in the Russian person. It can be seen how the hero develops spiritually - initially he is just a dashing, careless and hot guy, but at the end of the story he is an experienced and mature monk over the years. However, his self-improvement became possible only thanks to the trials that he inherited, because without these difficulties and troubles he would not have learned to sacrifice himself and try to atone for his own sins.
In general, thanks to such, albeit a brief analysis of the story "The Enchanted Wanderer", it becomes clear what the development of Russian society was like. And Leskov managed to show this in the fate of just one of his main characters.
Note for yourself that the Russian man, according to Leskov's plan, is capable of sacrifice, and not only the strength of the hero is inherent in him, but also the spirit of generosity. In this article, we made a brief analysis of The Enchanted Wanderer, we hope you find it useful.
Leskov's story "The Enchanted Wanderer" appeared in 1873 as a result of the author's search for an answer to the question: are there righteous people on earth. This story by Leskov is my favorite piece of classical prose of the nineteenth century. The language of the work is interesting and amazing. The image of the protagonist is so close to the reader in all its features that he simply falls in love with himself. This one is perhaps the most significant and powerful of all created by the writer.I believe that this story by Nikolai Semyonovich Leskov is another treasure of Russian literature. Ivan Severyanych is a special, exceptional person, of a strange and extraordinary fate. Since childhood, "destined for the monastery" and constantly remembering this, he, however, cannot overcome the spell of worldly life. The further fate of the hero is also tragic. If it can be expressed in any phrase, then the most acceptable phrase here is Leskov himself, that "a Russian person can do anything." And this is true, because how much Ivan Severyanych had to endure in his long life. Fatum ruthlessly moved into him from birth and pursued him always and everywhere. Already in his youth, Ivan Severyanych committed the most terrible Orthodox sin, he spotted an innocent monk to death. But the “Enchanted Wanderer” did not want to repent for the sin of the church, and for this, he had, in punishment, to endure a lot of earthly evil. And it was said to him: "And they will kill you many times, but you will not die." And, indeed, nothing let Ivan Severyanych die, no matter how much he wanted it. But I think that the strength of the "enchanted wanderer" is that he fought with his fate for the right to live in the wild. His soul was divided into two halves: one of which wanted to live in the human world, and the other, under fear of faith and fate, tried to retire to a monastery, where it was destined by fate to be "a praying son." Drawn by the thirst for life, Ivan Severyanych tries to define himself in it, but all attempts are in vain, he has no place in it. But the suffering of the hero does not stop there: out of love for horses, instilled in Ivan Severyanych from childhood, he commits another sin - the murder of the Tatar prince. For this, fate deprived the "enchanted wanderer" of his will and native expanses for twelve years. I believe that in captivity Ivan Severyanych showed Russian courage and steadfastness; because despite the bristle, he tried to break free, but evil fate in every possible way prevented this. But fate did not break the Russian spirit. After twelve years of suffering, the Lord himself, perhaps, took pity on the "wanderer" and let him go free. But even after captivity, becoming free, Ivan Severyanych cannot find a use for himself in life, life simply pushes him away from himself, giving way to fate. And here, it would seem in a hopeless situation, the Russian spirit is not broken; having tried many professions, Ivan Severyanych remains true to his concherry. But even after all these life stories, grief awaits Ivan Severyanych again. In a fit of love, he pushes his only and beloved Grumenka off a cliff. At this moment, the first half of the soul is overthrown under the onslaught of grief. Ivan Severyanych is disgusted with the white light, and he wants to find death in any of its guises. The "enchanted wanderer" leaves for the war, hoping, thus, to find the desired peace of mind and at least make someone happy in this life. But even here the judgment of the Lord is merciless, and again Ivan Severyanych is alive and unharmed and sees the death of his comrades, again the "enchanted wanderer" is doomed to life in this dirty human world. I believe that the author in his work fully and accurately revealed the character traits of the Russian people. Yes, I agree with the words of Leskov, one hundred "Russian people can do anything," because Ivan Severyanych Flyagin proved this by living such a difficult, suffering life. I can safely call him a righteous man, even despite his sins. He was a hostage to these sins and atoned for them through spiritual and physical repentance. Ivan Severyanych endured human evil for a long time, being a hostage in the hands of fate, but human patience is not unlimited. Therefore, the last feature where he could find peace was the monastery. It was there that Ivan Severyanych fled from human malice, because life could not accept him within its framework, since this nature was created to suffer for human sin.
The image of Ivan Severyanych Flyagin can be compared with the folk mask of Rossi. The Russian people endured for a long time, they were bristled by serfdom for a long time, but human patience is not infinite. Tired of people suffering for other people's sins, a wave of people's anger will surge and sweep away the shackles of serfdom. I think that Leskov wanted to show this idea in his story "The Enchanted Wanderer".
The talent and work of Nikolai Semenovich Leskov in our literature is not yet connected with the definition of "great". However, it is enough to open any of his works to be at the mercy of an amazing talent. The novels and stories of the writer bring us back to the 1860s. Leskov traveled all over Russia, knew the people and their needs not from stories. He dreamed of the constant cultural and economic progress of the country. In his works, he focuses on understanding the peculiarities of national life and the depths of the character of the characters. And Leskov always shows the relationship of the individual and his environment.
In the story "The Enchanted Wanderer" in the foreground is the original personality of Ivan Severyanych Flyagin. And already in the title it is felt that the main motive of the story will be the road. The path that the hero takes is the search for his place among people, his vocation, comprehension of the meaning of life. Each stage of this path is a new step in Flyagin's moral development. Being from the serfs, at the beginning of his life he judges people on the basis of the experience gained in a closed little world. And we see how much the hero has to go through in order to appreciate his freedom and the freedom of relationships with other people.
At the beginning of the story, the narrator, Ivan Severyanych Flyagin, speaks of his path: “After all, I did a lot of things, I happened to be on horses, and under horses, and was captured, and fought, and he beat people, and me” mutilated, so that, perhaps, not everyone would have endured.<...>all my life I was dying, and could not die in any way. On the estate of Count K., he was schooled like horses at a stud farm. Ivan was supposed to become a postilion. Here the first stage of his journey ended with the accidental murder of a nun and an escape from the estate. The slain nun promised him, having come in a dream, that "... you will die many times and never die until your real death comes, and then you will remember your mother's promise for you and go to the Chernetsy." And all because he is the son promised to God by his mother. Having run away from home, by chance he ends up with a Pole as a nanny for a little girl who was left by her mother. For the first time, the hero experiences compassion and affection not only for animals, but also for humans. And for the first time he makes a decision not in his own favor, but in favor of a suffering person - his mother. “She screams pitifully in despair and, forcibly drawn, although she follows him, she stretches her eyes and hands here to me and to the child ... And now I see and feel how she, as if alive, is torn in half, half to him, half to the child...” Over the 10 years of Tatar captivity, Flyagin felt a consanguinity with “his own”, Russian, national. Flyagin cannot merge with the Tatar way of life, take it seriously and for a long time. Here there are only elementary forms of the struggle for existence.
But Leskov is far from idealizing Russian life. Holy Rus', to which Flyagin so aspired, celebrates the return of the prodigal son in a peculiar way - with whips: “They flogged in the police and delivered to their estate”, the count “ordered ... to flog the house again”, after depriving father Ilya of communion, the count ordered the steward to flog again the narrator "in a new way, on the porch, in front of the office, in front of all the people." Then the Count releases Flyagin for rent, and a new test begins: a rare connoisseur of horses is drawn into that habitual drunkenness that has long been the scourge of Russia. And again, an accident turns his life upside down and gives a new direction. The narrator is naively convinced that the magic power of the “magnetizer” frees him from bitter misfortune. Flyagin meets the gypsy Grusha and discovers the magical power of female beauty over the human soul. The purity and grandeur of his feeling lies in the fact that it is free from pride and possessiveness, in love and endless admiration for another person, for the hero, the line between life for himself and life for another disappears. The promise of the "magnetizer" comes true: "I will give you a new concept in life." And the hero himself realizes that love for Grusha internally reborn him.
After Grusha's death, the road is again, but this road to people, to meeting them is already on new grounds. The unity with other people acquired by the hero is resolved in the situation of the first meeting with the grief-stricken old man and old woman, whose son is to be recruited. Flyagin becomes a soldier, changing his fate and name with a man whom he had never seen: “That’s how they ended it, and they took me to another city, and handed me over there instead of my son as a recruit ...”; “...began to ask the authorities in order to determine me to the Caucasus, where I can die for the faith as soon as possible. Fifteen years of service in the Caucasus becomes a new test for the hero. The circumstances of life test the strength of the hero all the time, life does not help or support him in anything. Here he is - the Knight of St. George and an officer, "noble." It seemed that this was a good end, the result of a life full of hardships and hardships, and a new, happy stage should begin. And a new stage really begins, but Leskov is far from a happy ending. “Nobility” not only does not contribute to a “career”, but even interferes with the opportunity to return to the old coachman’s trade (“they say: you are a noble officer, and you have a military order, you can neither be scolded nor hit obscenely ...”). In order not to die of hunger, Flyagin goes to the artists, to the booth on Admiralteyskaya Square. But he has to leave as well. And, finally, Ivan Severyanych reaches the monastery.
Flyagin lives not by reason, but by feelings. In the monastery, he tries to overcome his longing, his great love for Grusha. However, he finds comfort not in severe asceticism, but in love for the Motherland:
“Are you going to go to war yourself?
But how about? Absolutely, sir: I really want to die for the people.
How are you: in a klobuk and in a cassock, will you go to war? ,
No with; Then I'll take off my hood and put on my ammunition.
Here the personal responsibility of the hero for the fate of his land and the willingness to die for it is manifested. It is no coincidence that in the finale of Flyagin's story, all the main motives of the narrative are repeated: constant temptations, obsession with love, captivity and the road. This means that nothing is over yet for the “enchanted wanderer”, that the results of his life have not been summed up and the “thousand lives” allotted to him have not been lived to the end. The reader meets the hero on the way and leaves him again on the road. Not a single image in Leskov's work reaches such epic monumentality as the image of the "enchanted wanderer". The features of this hero - strength, spontaneity, spiritual kindness - marked many characters in Leskov's works. This is a kind of solution by the author of the problem of a positive hero.
Lyskova N.N.
Outline of a literature lesson on the topic: “The problem of the national character in the works of N.S. Leskov (based on program works).
Lesson topic: the problem of national character in the work of N.S. Leskov "The Enchanted Wanderer".
The purpose of the lesson: on the example of the story "The Enchanted Wanderer" show the problem
national character.
Lesson form: lesson-conversation with lecture elements.
During the classes.
Organizing time.
The story was conceived by the writer after a trip in the summer of 1872 to Lake Ladoga
and visiting the island of Valaam, where the monastery was located. This event found
reflected in the theme and language of the story.
Novice- an acolyte in a monastery who is preparing to become a monk.
Diocese- an ecclesiastical administrative district subordinate to the bishop.
Hieromonk- monastic order.
Ryasofor- a monk or novice wearing a cassock and a hood without tonsure.
Renovator- an officer engaged in the selection and purchase of horses for the cavalry.
Questions session.
1). What philosophy of life does Flyagin affirm in the story about the popika-zapiska? (A person in any circumstances is obliged to “decide”, to find a job for himself. He prays for suicides, in whom he sees poor people who have not been able to overcome the “struggles of life.” After all, the Creator himself commanded “crowd”, and the priest found a way to be useful to people).
2). What other principle of his philosophy of life does Flyagin expound, telling the story of the taming of a cannibal horse?
3). As the author of the story claims about the connection between the features of the Russian national character and geographical, i.e. natural features of the country? (The endless change of landscapes - from the Caspian Sea to Solovki - merges with the endless richness of manifestations of the nature of the wanderer Ivan Flyagin. The contradictory properties of his character resemble an endless change of landscapes, a description of various types of lifestyles, thoughts of the peoples of Russia, various events experienced by people, and various actions and judgments in different situations of the hero himself.The breadth of the Russian character, as well as its extremes, are due to nature itself).
4). What other methods of revealing the originality of the Russian national character does the author use? (The character is also revealed through the description of the appearance of the hero.
Ivan Flyagin is a bogatyr (“up-curled mustache like a hussar”), but he speaks lazily. He is strong, but soft and calm, dressed in a cassock (humility).
The contrast of energy and lethargy is not accidental. Strength personifies only the potential possibilities of character, which in ordinary times do not make themselves felt, but at a critical moment they appear, they are the secret of Russia's power.
The versatility of the character of the hero is manifested through his perception of nature, homeland. He is fascinated by the world: mountains and seas, fields and steppes, fairs and Tatar settlements, gypsy camps and native Russian forests).
5). How does Flyagin convey to his fellow travelers his feeling of homesickness, which he experienced in captivity? (Through the rejection of a foreign side: the steppes are monotonous and dead for him in all seasons (the “lifeless salt marsh” shines), everything does not please, but annoys: the wind, the sun, the space. conveying his irritation.He was tired there: "I really ... wanted to go to Russia."
Another technique: he recalls his native village, little things, excerpts from his everyday life; everything is nice, everything is significant).
7). Where does the hero implement the principles of goodness and justice? (He gives the child to a suffering mother, loses his place: “let them love”, goes to recruit instead of the only son of old parents, protects a young artist from a farce theater in St. Petersburg).
8). With what actions of the hero begins his struggle with life? What beginning in his mind at this stage of life does the author show? (Spontaneous-emotional, physical strength and power of nature: prowess, valiant boldness in extreme, dangerous manifestations (he hit the sleeping old monk too hard with a whip, immediately tamed the horse and saved the count's family, cut "for a bar" with a Tatar).
This national feature, according to Leskov: hence the strength of the patriotic impulse, and the source of the tragic extremes of the fate of the people).
9). How are the characters of the Englishman Raray and Flyagin contrasted in the scene of taming the horse? (He shows English scholarship, prudence, and Ivan - "internal cunning" (breaks the pot on the horse's head and pours the dough over her eyes and muzzle).
Leskov asserts in the story that the idea of rationality is alien to the Russian national character. Hence the next feature of the Russian person is the fatalistic comprehension of one's own destiny).
10). How does faith in providence, destiny, fatalism in Flyagin's story about his life reveal the hero? (Reveals his naivete, innocence, intellectual underdevelopment, frivolous attitude to the future, superstition.
This is especially evident in the story of the temptations that pursued Flyagin in the monastery).
eleven). Can we assume that only fatalism Flyagin explains his fate? (He came to the monastery not according to the prophecy of a monk, but because there was nowhere to go. Faith in fate and a sober, realistic explanation of events coexist in his mind).
12). Find the details that point to the poetic feeling that arose in the soul of the hero for Grushenka. (Money for singing seems like birds to him. He has not yet seen the pear, but he conquered the voice (“languid, heavy, like a crimson bell”), the plasticity of movements in the dance fascinates, Ivan is blinded by the beauty of the girl).
13). How do you understand Grushenka's comparison with the snake and how does it develop in the story? (The psychological implication is this: she is still hostile to a rich stranger).
14). What complex psychological development does the conflict that arose in connection with Prince Grusha's ardent passion receive? (Roll-call with the story of M.Yu. Lermontov "Bela"). (It is a simple person who turns out to be spiritually more subtle, only Grusha is humanly good with him. The prince is petty and insignificant, and he himself is aware of this: “You are an artist, you are not like me, a whistler.” The hero goes through a test of love , and this is the tradition of Russian literature.Flyagin is noble, humane, altruistic feelings are accessible to him.
The prince is also tested by love in the story. Carried away by plans for a profitable marriage, he forgets about Grusha).
15). Find the prince's remarks in a conversation with Evgenia Semyonovna, who accidentally overheard Flyagin. How do they reveal the human essence of the prince? (Work with text).
16). How does Flyagin's artistic talent manifest itself in his attitude to horses? (He feels admiration, understanding, affection towards them: “it takes wings and it’s like a bird flies and does not stir up”, “my soul rushed to her, to this horse, my native passion”, “to the sky, like birds, they mow ... it seems warm-hearted, and would have flown away, but he had no wings ”(about horses from the herds),“ he was a very proud creature, he humbled himself with his behavior ... but died in captivity ”).
17). What new spiritual facets are revealed to the reader in the scenes that tell about the admiration of the hero by the beautiful gypsy? What actions reflect the growth of his moral consciousness? (He does good deeds: he replaces a recruit, fights bravely, gets George, but considers himself a great sinner, looks at his past life in a new way and finds himself under the spell of a new idea - heroic self-sacrifice in the name of people).
Lecture. Teacher's word.
(Write in notebook).
“And then there will be in the life of a wanderer the charm of the silence of monastic life, a special “joy of hope”, until he hears a voice from above: “Arm around!” - and the thirst will not come to him to fight for his people, in order to defend him like a hero from the enemy. “I really want to die for the people,” the hero admits, completing his confession, similar to the narration of the storyteller. This is how the idea of heroic self-sacrifice comes to Flyagin, and his image reaches epic grandeur. So the plot of the work flows like a wide river, absorbing the streams of its branches and turning the work not only into a reflection on the fate of the individual, but also into a thought about the fate of the Fatherland.
Lesson summary.
Homework: write an essay on the topic: “The problem of national character in the story by N.S. Leskov “The Enchanted Wanderer”.