Rites of folklore in the works of composers. Rites and customs in the work of composers. National wedding traditions of the peoples of the world

Folklore is folk art that reflects the history, way of life, aspirations and thoughts of the people.

Genres of folk songs:

Ritual

satirical

Labor

Lyric

Rites and customs in folklore and in the work of composers

Russian vintage wedding

The first part of the "wedding game"
dedicated to the girl's farewell to her family.

Listen to a Russian folk song

“Mother that is dusty in the field” performed by Lyudmila Zykina.

F. Zhuravlev "Before the wedding"

V. Feoktistov
"Preparing the bride for the wedding"

What do pictures and songs have in common?
What state do they convey?

Listen to the wedding choir

"Spilled, spilled" -

Is this a folk melody or was it composed by a composer?

Listen to the wedding ceremony from the opera "Khovanshchina" by MP Mussorgsky

What does this music have in common with folk songs?

What intonational features of the folk song can be heard in this fragment?

1. What musical images of romances and songs did you meet?

2. What are the similarities and differences between the genres of romance, folk songs and songs of a modern author?

3. Is music able to have a strong impact on a person?

1. What determines a person's ability to perceive, feel the beauty and power of music?

2. Why do some people excite, elevate and give strength to music, while others do not notice its beauty and do not feel its beneficial influence?

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Folklore is folk art that reflects the history, way of life, aspirations and thoughts of the people. Genres of folk songs: Ritual Satirical Labor Playing lyrical

Rites and customs in folklore and in the work of composers Russian ancient wedding

The first part of the "wedding game" was dedicated to the girl's farewell to her family. Listen to the Russian folk song "Mother that is dusty in the field" performed by Lyudmila Zykina.

F. Zhuravlev "Before the wedding"

Listen to M. Matveev's song "Mother that is dusty in the field" performed by Zhanna Bichevskaya.

V. Feoktistov "Preparing the bride for the crown"

1. How do they differ songs from each other? 2. Which song conveys the dramatic clash of two states of mind? 3. Which performance did you like more? Why?

What do pictures and songs have in common? What state do they convey?

Listen to the wedding choir “They roamed, spilled” - Is this a folk melody or was it composed by a composer?

Listen to the wedding ceremony from the opera "Khovanshchina" by MP Mussorgsky What does this music have in common with folk songs? What intonational features of the folk song can be heard in this fragment?

What does this music have in common with folk songs? What intonational features of the folk song can be heard in this fragment?

1. What musical images of romances and songs did you meet? 2. What are the similarities and differences between the genres of romance, folk songs and songs of a modern author? 3. Is music able to have a strong impact on a person?

1. What determines a person's ability to perceive, feel the beauty and power of music? 2. Why do some people excite, elevate and give strength to music, while others do not notice its beauty and do not feel its beneficial influence?

The culture of the Russian people is rich in traditions that are passed down from generation to generation. That is why ancient traditions and customs have been preserved. The majority of the Russian people adhere to the Christian faith of their Orthodox denomination, the values of which are reflected in folk art. The whole life of the Russian people is subject to the unshakable traditions and customs of their people.

Folklore is oral folk art, which is formed from the rituals and customs of any people. In folklore, religious and everyday, everyday customs and beliefs of the people are intertwined.

Baptism

Baptism - traditions

This is a mandatory rite in Orthodoxy, according to which it is customary to baptize, that is, to accept all newborn children into the bosom of the church. At the rite of baptism, in addition to the parents, the godmother and father should be present, whose duty was to spiritually guide the child as he grows up. The child's mother prepared ahead of time a baptismal shirt and a pectoral cross, and the godmother gave the child an icon depicting the patron saint. According to the Orthodox custom, the child at baptism was called the name of the saint, which was in the Saints on the day the child was baptized.

christening gifts

The guests invited to the christening gave the child memorable gifts, and the parents prepared a table with a rich treat. The mother of the child kept the baptismal shirt, and it happened that all subsequent children in the family were baptized in this baptismal shirt. When a child turns one year old, the godmother gives him a silver or gold spoon "for a tooth", which was kept in the family as a family heirloom.

Advice

If you are baptized, then for all questions regarding the observance of customs and traditions, contact your confessor.

How to observe household ritual traditions?

Modern young people seek and find the origins of folk customs and traditions. Even people who are far from knowledge of customs, when celebrating calendar or household holidays, try to observe ritual traditions. Just go to the original sources.

Russian wedding traditions

Wedding festivities usually took place between the fasts, mainly in the fall after the end of the harvest in the fields or in the winter at the so-called "wedding party" - the time from Christmas to Maslenitsa. After the couple from the future bride and groom had already been determined, according to tradition, a Conspiracy was held, at which the parents of the bride and groom agreed on all the conditions for concluding a marriage union. Parents agreed that they would give the young to set up their own farm, where the young would live. The ceremony of marriage took place only through a wedding in the church. Only those who were baptized and of only one religion could get married. If one of the future spouses professed a different faith, then an indispensable condition was his transition and baptism into Orthodoxy.

Important!!!

Future spouses before the altar take an oath to the Lord God himself, so the divorce of married couples was almost impossible.

Before the wedding

Before the wedding, the bride and groom had to fast for 7 days, and on the day of the wedding they had to perform the sacrament of communion. The icons of the Savior and the Mother of God were used in the wedding ceremony. Parents of the young for the wedding had to prepare candles, a towel and wedding rings. The wedding was attended by the groom's best man, and from the bride's side by her bridesmaids.

After the wedding

After the wedding, on the threshold of the house, already young, the parents met with bread and salt and vigilantly watched which of the young would break off a larger piece from the loaf. It is believed that the one who breaks off a larger piece will dominate the family.

walk

A generous treat is prepared for the invited guests, and before being seated at the table, the guests were led to show the dowry of the bride, which was the pride and symbol of the rich bride. The more linen, dishes in the dowry, the richer the bride is considered and the more favorably the daughter-in-law is accepted into the husband's family. Walking at Russian weddings can last from three days to a week.

Customs and rituals in Russian folklore

Knowledge and adherence to national customs give a Russian person a sense of belonging to their roots, which is very much appreciated in traditional Russian culture. Particularly revered Russian folklore traditions are most clearly manifested on holidays: Maslenitsa, Easter, Christmas, Christmas time, Ivan Kupaly's day - these are especially revered holidays that relate to calendar holidays. Baptism, weddings and funerals are part of everyday ritual traditions.

Conclusion:

The Church most firmly and traditionally observes all the customs and traditions inherent in the Orthodox denomination. Modern young people seek and find the origins of folk customs and traditions. Even people who are far from knowledge of customs, when celebrating calendar or household holidays, try to observe ritual traditions.

History of Russian folklore

Municipal Autonomous General Educational Institution

Lyceum №21, Ivanovo.

Music teacher - Tarasova Nadezhda Nikolaevna.

Music lesson in 6th grade.

Lesson number 7. "Rites and customs in folklore and in the work of composers".

(TEXTBOOK pp. 30-37.)

Repetition:

What images created by the great singer F.I. Chaliapin did we meet in the last lesson? (Ivan Susanin, Farlaf, Varangian guest.)

Working on new material. Slide number 1.

The topic of our lesson is "Rites and customs in folklore and in the work of composers." Write it down.

How do you understand the word FOLKLORE?Slide number 2.

Folklore ( folk lore - "folk wisdom") - folk art, most often it is oral; artistic collective creative activity of the people, reflecting their life, views, ideals; created and existing among the masses ( , , , , , ), ( , instrumental and plays) ( , , ), , , And .

FOLKLORE is divided into two groups -ritual Andnot ritual . additional click

Ritual folklore includes:

calendar folklore ( , carnival songs, stoneflies),

family folklore(family stories, , wedding songs, ),

occasional folklore(songs, conspiracies, performed on an important occasion for the life and well-being of the community - for example, drought, pestilence).

Rites in the Russian countryside were considered as essential a component of life as holidays. All more or less significant events in people's lives - be it the birth of a child, marriage, death, the change of seasons, the beginning and end of agricultural work - were accompanied by the performance of special ritual actions dedicated to this occasion. Moreover, the religious consciousness of the people of a peasant, traditional society comprehended the rite as an action that actually creates an event.

The rituals familiar to us from the materials of the 18th-20th centuries arose in ancient times and embodied ancient beliefs.

Today we will talk about the poeticization of the life and way of life of the Russian people on the basis of one of the rites -old Russian wedding (including included in the opera genre)

From the HISTORY of wedding ceremonies in Rus'.Slide number 3.

Since the emergence of Russian villages, the wedding has been the main, main solemn ceremony. Any girl or guy was in awe of the day when they get married. Although the decision was made not by the young themselves, but by their parents, all the same, the brides spent whole nights wondering about their groom.

In Rus', young people got married at the age of 13-15. Everyone who stayed in brides or grooms until the age of 20 caused fear among neighbors and acquaintances. Parents tried to find a suitable match for their child when he was just starting to walk and talk. The opinion of the children themselves was almost never taken into account, since the older generation was more experienced and knowledgeable. From here came the sayings: “To endure - fall in love”, “Do not drink water from the face” and many others.

This state of affairs could not but be reflected in the Russian song.

Let's listen to the arrangement of the Russian folk song by Mikhail Matveev "Mother, that is dusty in the field" performed by Zh. Bichevskaya.Slide number 4.

The song “Mother, mother, that is dusty in the field” performed by Zh. Bichevskaya sounds.

(text on slide). Write down the title.

What mood does this song create? (Very exciting, disturbing...)

Is this song built in the form of a bride's monologue? (No, there is a dialogue between a girl and a mother.)

Consider the melodic pattern in the musical score test forp.30.

What do you see? (Answers of children, analyze musical notation and instructions.)

The first line - an appeal to the mother - very soon, inquiringly, the second and third lines - an appeal to the daughter - restrainedly, slowly.

Here is a table with a characteristic I got. Look:Slide number 5.

Why do you think the heroine of the song is so disturbed? (I don’t want to get married without love, part with my parents ...)

Write it down: the song is built on dialogue: the daughter's anxious address, and the mother's soothing responses.

And now we will listen to a Russian folk song on the same verses. The musical text on p.30 is the 4th option.

What do you say after listening in comparison with the composer's song?Slide number 6.

The Russian folk song "Mother, mother, that is dusty in the field" sounds.

(Songsounds very restrained, strict, quite wide and singsong, there is no such drama as in Matveev's song ...)

Write down the name of the song. And a description.

Which of the songs is dominated by an epic character, and which is dramatic? (In the composer's song - dramatic, folk song has an epic character.)

Slide number 7 . The song sings about the hard fate of a woman in an old pre-revolutionary Russian village, when a girl was forced to marry someone she did not love. Without her consent, they gave it to the house where a worker was needed, or when it was beneficial for parents (either a rich (famous) groom or a rich bride was beneficial). The song "Mother ..." tells not only about the experiences of the daughter - the bride, but also about the grief of the mother, which she experiences a second time: the first time when she herself was forcibly married off, and now, when she also gives her daughter away. This song reveals the deepest tragedy of many generations of Russian women in the pre-revolutionary village.

Here is a reproduction of Pavel Andreevich FedotovMajor's Marriage.Many artists and writers addressed the topic of unequal marriages.

Consider heroes. Describe them.

Why does a father gladly marry off his daughter?

Why does a nobleman marry a merchant's daughter?

How does the artist emphasize the wealth and luxury of the merchant's house?

Consider the small details in the picture.

What is their role? What do they emphasize, detail?

How does the artist feel about what is happening?

(The groom is a careless dandy. A cruel face. His lips are pursed. A heavy, motionless look, in which malicious jealousy, cruelty, heartlessness are read.

The bride is soft femininity, grace, the charm of youth.

Maid - sympathizes with the young lady, sympathizes, worries about her fate.

The father is obsequious, willingly gives his daughter to an old nobleman major.

The cat invites guests. Wine and wine glasses on a chair - they did not have time to prepare for the meeting of the guest. The bride's jewelry is on display to show off her wealth. Chair - the legs of the chair arched exactly - exactly, like the legs of the groom, as if the furniture mimics the major who squandered his fortune.

The artist ironically, makes fun of the characters).

We see that all the figures are located symmetrically with respect to the center. Find the center of the picture.

Whose figure is knocked out of the center, from a symmetrical construction?

(The daughter, who runs in a fit to the "saving" doors leading to the back of the room).

All the heroes of the picture are in motion, and the picture seems to come to life, thanks to the regular alternation of elements, which is called in the fine arts -rhythm.

Slide #8 . The painting "Unequal Marriage" is one of the most common and famous, which also reflects the feelings that a girl experiences when she is married not for love.

Onpage 31 textbook, we also see two pictures. Consider them.Slides 9-10.

Describe the pictures.

What emotions are experienced by the heroines of these paintings? (Confusion and anxiety in the 2nd picture, humility in the first picture).

Try to guess and express your thoughts about what is the dialogue of the characters that we see in the pictures? (Children express their guesses.)

Are these experiences similar to the mood of the heroine of the song "Mother ..."? (Yes, the moods are very similar, especially with the 2nd picture.)

Maybe someone wants to play a song by role? Act as mother and daughter.

(Wishing to sing a song.)

Now let's read the text of the textbook on pages 30-31. Reading.

Now open pages 32-33. "Song of the Wedding Ceremony" Read the text on these pages.

Reading.

Such Russian folk songs as “You are my river, little river” or “A duck swam on the sea” created an image of light sadness, sadness, tenderness, sincerity.

Listen to a fragment of the song "You are my river, river."Slide number 11.

A snippet of a song plays.Write it down.

Openpp. 34-35.

Wedding choirs from operas also recreate the folk ritual. Now we will get acquainted with the lyrical image and the image of a glorious salutary song.

Try to determine which of the choirs has a lyrical image, and which one is majestic.

In what choir do you think the composer used a Russian folk song?

The choir "Floats, floats the swan" from the opera "Khovanshchina" by M. Mussorgsky sounds

Slide number 12. Write it down.

The choir sounds “Spring waters roamed, fell apart across the meadows” from the opera “Ivan Susanin” by M. Glinka.

Slide number 13. Write it down.

(Answers guys).

Slide number 14.

Let's write a comparative analysis of these musical fragments in a table in a notebook.

The bright wedding episodes reproduced in many Russian operas are dramatic moments in the development of the opera's action. Opera is not individual performances, not a concert in costumes, but an artistically recreated drama of life.

Lesson summary:

In today's lesson, we got acquainted with the folk song "Mother ..." arranged by Mikhail Matveev, the folk song "Floating, Swimming Swan", included in the opera "Khovanshchina" by Modest Mussorgsky and the melody in the folk style "Spring waters roamed, fell apart across the meadows" by Mikhail Glinka and the Russian folk song "You are my river, little river."

D / Z - repeat the entries in the notebook.

Target: through the creative union of a teacher and a student in musical and aesthetic education, to contribute to the formation of a highly spiritual personality.

Tasks:
educational: acquaintance with folklore through the works of composers whose work is turned to folk music, acquaintance with the history of the wedding ceremony in Rus';
developing: development of listening, vocal and choral skills, ear for music, memory, thinking, ability to listen and analyze musical works;
educational: education in schoolchildren of respect and interest in native folklore and music of Russian composers.

Equipment: presentation for the lesson, multimedia projector, screen, laptop, button accordion, lyrics of the song "Mother, mother, what is dusty in the field ...".

During the classes

I. Organizing time
(Appendix 1.slide1)
Hello guys. The topic of today's lesson is "Rites and customs in folklore and in the work of composers", write it down.
(Appendix 1.slide 2)
And the epigraph of the lesson will be the words of our great Russian poet A.S. Pushkin:

Things of bygone days
Traditions of antiquity deep ...

II. Repetition of the material covered.
(Appendix 1.slide 3)
So, back to the topic of today's lesson. Let's remember what folklore means?
- Folklore - folk art, most often oral.
(Appendix 1.slide 4)
musical folklore?
- Folk music - vocal, instrumental, vocal-instrumental and dance creativity of the people.
(Appendix 1.slide 5)
So what helps us to penetrate into the culture of the past, to understand the soul of the people?
- Acquaintance with folk songs, epics, ancient legends.
-What are they telling us?
- About the important moments of a person's life, about folk traditions, embodied in various rituals.
Yes, all the significant events of human life - whether it was the birth of a child, the change of seasons, the beginning and end of agricultural work, marriage were accompanied by rituals.

III. Learning new material
(Appendix 1.slide 6)
Today we will talk about one of the most beautiful rituals - an old Russian wedding (including those included in the opera genre).
A bit from the history of wedding ceremonies in Rus'.
In Russian villages, the wedding was the main solemn ceremony. The decision to marry was not made by the young people themselves, but by their parents. The opinion of children is almost never taken into account. Hence the proverb “To endure, fall in love”.
(Appendix 1.slide 7)
So, the old Russian wedding was a complex chain of solemn ceremonies.
The "wedding game" took place as a theatrical performance that lasted several days, and sometimes several weeks. The protagonists of the wedding game were the matchmaker, the matchmaker, the groom's friend, the bride's girlfriend. The central character was the bride. The wedding game was divided into two parts.
The first part was dedicated to the girl's farewell to her family and was played out in the bride's house. In the old days, marriage meant the end of a girl's free life and her transition to a strange family. Therefore, the songs of the bride were dramatic and were called laments, lamentations, lamentations. From the moment of the farewell to the very departure for the crown, the bride had to cry and lament. And the bride cried and lamented in order to show love and respect for her parents, gratitude for the fact that they “drank, fed.” Otherwise, they could complain about the ingratitude of their daughter, leaving her father’s house without regret. So she said goodbye to her will, native family.
(Appendix 1.slide 8)
Guys, you watched and listened to the lamentation song from the "peasant" melodrama - "Tula Wedding", performed by our Tula folklore ensemble "Uslada" - a unique ensemble whose members not only sing and dance, but also play like dramatic artists, such teams are no more.
(Appendix 1.slide 9)
The repertoire of "Delight" is built on the musical folklore of the Tula region. The ensemble studies the secrets of Russian song on trips to the villages, collects peasant antiquities, historically accurately approaches the musical structure of the song. As the team members themselves say: "putting on bast shoes, we feel head and shoulders above, because being modern young people, we do not forget about the traditions of our native culture."
(Appendix 1.slide 10)
Comparisons addressed to nature give special beauty to folk wedding songs: a girl is compared with a river, a swan, a duck, a berry; guy, good fellow - with a clear falcon. Listening to the Russian folk song "The duck swam on the sea."
As the river flows - it does not sway, so the bride-maiden sits - she does not smile; just as a duck mourns, parting with the onset of a cold winter from the blue sea, on which she swam freely, so a girl on the morning of her wedding day weeps bitterly at the thought of the impending separation from her parents.
The confusion and anxiety experienced by the bride-girl while waiting for the wedding train are heard in different versions of the song “Mother, mother, what is dusty in the field ...” Which we are now let's listen performed by Zh. Bichevskaya, and the works of great Russian artists will help you create a more complete image of the song and everything that happens in it.
(Appendix 1.slide 11)
- What impression did the song make on you?
- In the song, mother and daughter seem to be talking
-Those. the song is built in the form of a dialogue
- And what can we say about the melodic picture?
- In the theme of the mother, one can hear an experience, a call for humility, humility with a hopeless situation
- The theme of the daughter sounds anxiety, drama
-What did you see in the pictures?
What emotions are experienced by the heroines of these paintings?
- Are these emotions similar to the emotions of the heroine of the song "Mother ..."?
Each of you has the lyrics of the song on your desk. Let's learn it (singing a song ).
Well done! We continue to work on the topic.
(Appendix 1.slide 12)
The second part of the wedding is a traditional feast, which began in the house of the groom's parents after the wedding ceremony. The wedding celebration was accompanied by the singing of laudatory songs glorifying the bride and groom, comic and dance songs, as well as dancing and horseback riding.
Composers often turned to the songs of the colorful wedding ceremony in their operas.
(Appendix 1.slide 13)
The wedding game and its characters are vividly represented in the opera "Mermaid" by the Russian composer, our countryman A.S.Dargomyzhsky.
-What do we know about the composer?
- A.S.Dargomyzhsky was born in the village of Troitskoye, Belevsky district, Tula province.
- I was very fond of studying Russian musical folklore.
- A.S. Dargomyzhsky invited peasants to his estate and loved to listen and watch their songs, dances, games, round dances.
Carrying out the idea of the opera "Mermaid", the composer carefully studied everything significant that was in the literature of that time - samples of oral folk poetry, descriptions of folk life, rituals. And especially Russian folk songs. It is not surprising that Russian folk song occupies a large place in all his work.
In the center of the opera are two peasant images: Melnik and his daughter Natasha. This prompted the composer to fill all the scenes with folk song elements. Some songs are truly folk, some are written by Dargomyzhsky himself.
In the second act of the opera, a picture of the prince's wedding is shown. In it, a large place is given to the choirs.
(Appendix 1.slide 14)
The action begins with the chorus "Like in the upper room, the room." Its content is the glorification of the Prince and Princess. The choir is based on an original theme in the style of Russian folk ritual and laudatory song. The wedding choir is a wonderful example of festive and solemn Russian music. Hearing.
(Appendix 1.slide 15)
The three-part women's choir "Svatushka" stands out especially. In it, the composer very colorfully conveyed the comic-everyday scene of the wedding ceremony. According to folk custom, girls surround the matchmaker and demand gifts from him. The girls sing a song that makes fun of the unlucky matchmaker. Choir "Svatushka" has a comic character.
Matchmaker, matchmaker, stupid matchmaker;
We went to the bride, we stopped in the garden,
They spilled a barrel of beer, poured all the cabbage. Hearing. Analysis.
-The genre of the work?
- A funny wedding song. The choir "Svatushka" is close to folk songs, because. here there are chants.
Musical form?
-The form of the work is two-part couplet, the 2nd part is two couplets, between which there is a loss.
Does the accompaniment play a primary or secondary role?
- Auxiliary. He emphasizes the liveliness of the scene, the joke of the girls and the clumsiness of the matchmaker.
The accompaniment includes a visual moment. In the break between couplets, the accompaniment resembles the tune of a flute that accompanies folk festivals.
What can we say about diction?
- Choir "Matchmaker" has a light, playful character, to emphasize this, you need a clear diction.
Tell me, are the wedding choirs from the opera recreating a folk ritual?
-Yes.

IV. Summing up the lesson.
(Appendix 1.slide 16)
What did we talk about today?
What does folklore mean?
musical folklore?
The most beautiful old Russian rite?
What is the name of the Tula Folklore Ensemble?
What can you say about the repertoire of this ensemble?
Name the composer and his opera, where the wedding game is vividly presented.
What is given a large place in the opera "Mermaid"?
What do the choirs in the opera recreate?
What is important to us? After all, we are Russian people!
(Appendix 1.slide 17)

It is very important that the folk song be accessible to everyone. We must remember that we are Russians, that we have the Russian word, we have fairy tales, we have traditions.

"Rites and customs in folklore and in the work of composers"

Target: through the creative union of a teacher and a student in musical and aesthetic education, to contribute to the formation of a highly spiritual personality.

Equipment: presentation for the lesson, multimedia projector, screen, laptop, button accordion, lyrics of the song "Mother, mother, what is dusty in the field ...".

During the classes

I. Organizational moment
(slide2)
Hello guys. The topic of today's lesson is "Rites and customs in folklore and in the work of composers", write it down.
(slide 3)
And the epigraph of the lesson will be the words of our great Russian poet A.S. Pushkin:

Things of bygone days
Traditions of antiquity deep ...

II. Repetition of the material covered.
(slide 4)
So, back to the topic of today's lesson. Let's remember what folklore means?
- Folklore - folk art, most often oral.
(slide 5)
musical folklore?
- Folk music - vocal, instrumental, vocal-instrumental and dance creativity of the people.
(slide 6)
So what helps us to penetrate into the culture of the past, to understand the soul of the people?
- Acquaintance with folk songs, epics, ancient legends.
-What are they telling us?
- About the important moments of a person's life, about folk traditions, embodied in various rituals.
Yes, all the significant events of human life - whether it was the birth of a child, the change of seasons, the beginning and end of agricultural work, marriage were accompanied by rituals.

III. Learning new material
(slide 7)
Today we will talk about one of the most beautiful rituals - an old Russian wedding (including those included in the opera genre).
A bit from the history of wedding ceremonies in Rus'.
In Russian villages, the wedding was the main solemn ceremony. The decision to marry was not made by the young people themselves, but by their parents. The opinion of children is almost never taken into account. Hence the proverb “To endure, fall in love”.
(slide 8.9)
So, the old Russian wedding was a complex chain of solemn ceremonies.
The "wedding game" took place as a theatrical performance that lasted several days, and sometimes several weeks. The protagonists of the wedding game were the matchmaker, the matchmaker, the groom's friend, the bride's girlfriend. The central character was the bride. The wedding game was divided into two parts.
The first part was dedicated to the girl's farewell to her family and was played out in the bride's house. In the old days, marriage meant the end of a girl's free life and her transition to a strange family. Therefore, the songs of the bride were dramatic and were called laments, lamentations, lamentations. From the moment of wooing and until the very departure to the crown, the bride had to cry and lament. And the bride cried and lamented in order to show love and respect for her parents, gratitude for the fact that they “drank, fed.” Otherwise, they could complain about the ingratitude of their daughter, leaving her father’s house without regret. So she said goodbye to her will, native family
(slide 10,11)
Comparisons addressed to nature give special beauty to folk wedding songs: a girl is compared with a river, a swan, a duck, a berry; guy, good fellow - with a clear falcon. Listening to the Russian folk song "The duck swam on the sea."
As the river flows - it does not sway, so the bride-maiden sits - she does not smile; just as a duck mourns, parting with the onset of a cold winter from the blue sea, on which she swam freely, so a girl on the morning of her wedding day weeps bitterly at the thought of the impending separation from her parents.
The confusion and anxiety experienced by the bride-girl while waiting for the wedding train are heard in different versions of the song “Mother, mother, what is dusty in the field ...” Which we are now let's listen performed by L. Zykina, and the works of great Russian artists will help you create a more complete image of the song and everything that happens in it.
(slide 12)
- What impression did the song make on you?
- In the song, mother and daughter seem to be talking
-Those. the song is built in the form of a dialogue
- And what can we say about the melodic picture?
- In the theme of the mother, one can hear an experience, a call for humility, humility with a hopeless situation
- The theme of the daughter sounds anxiety, drama
-What did you see in the pictures?
What emotions are experienced by the heroines of these paintings?
- Are these emotions similar to the emotions of the heroine of the song "Mother ..."?
Each of you has the lyrics of the song on your desk. Let's learn it (singing a song ).
Well done! We continue to work on the topic.
(slide 13)
The second part of the wedding is a traditional feast, which began in the house of the groom's parents after the wedding ceremony. The wedding celebration was accompanied by the singing of laudatory songs glorifying the bride and groom, comic and dance songs, as well as dancing and horseback riding.
Composers often turned to the songs of the colorful wedding ceremony in their operas.
(slide 14)
The wedding game and its characters are vividly represented in the opera "Mermaid" by the Russian composer, our countryman A.S.Dargomyzhsky.
-What do we know about the composer?
- A.S.Dargomyzhsky was born in the village of Troitskoye, Belevsky district, Tula province.
- I was very fond of studying Russian musical folklore.
- A.S. Dargomyzhsky invited peasants to his estate and loved to listen and watch their songs, dances, games, round dances.
Carrying out the idea of the opera "Mermaid", the composer carefully studied everything significant that was in the literature of that time - samples of oral folk poetry, descriptions of folk life, rituals. And especially Russian folk songs. It is not surprising that Russian folk song occupies a large place in all his work.
In the center of the opera are two peasant images: Melnik and his daughter Natasha. This prompted the composer to fill all the scenes with folk song elements. Some songs are truly folk, some are written by Dargomyzhsky himself.
In the second act of the opera, a picture of the prince's wedding is shown. In it, a large place is given to the choirs.
(slide 15)
The action begins with the chorus "Like in the upper room, the room." Its content is the glorification of the Prince and Princess. The choir is based on an original theme in the style of Russian folk ritual and laudatory song. The wedding choir is a wonderful example of festive and solemn Russian music. Hearing.
(slide 16)
The three-part women's choir "Svatushka" stands out especially. In it, the composer very colorfully conveyed the comic-everyday scene of the wedding ceremony. According to folk custom, girls surround the matchmaker and demand gifts from him. The girls sing a song that makes fun of the unlucky matchmaker. Choir "Svatushka" has a comic character.
Matchmaker, matchmaker, stupid matchmaker;
We went to the bride, we stopped in the garden,
They spilled a barrel of beer, poured all the cabbage. Hearing. Analysis.
-The genre of the work?
- A funny wedding song. The choir "Svatushka" is close to folk songs, because. here there are chants.
Musical form?
-The form of the work is two-part couplet, the 2nd part is two couplets, between which there is a loss.
Does the accompaniment play a primary or secondary role?
- Auxiliary. He emphasizes the liveliness of the scene, the joke of the girls and the clumsiness of the matchmaker.
The accompaniment includes a visual moment. In the break between couplets, the accompaniment resembles the tune of a flute that accompanies folk festivals.
What can we say about diction?
- Choir "Matchmaker" has a light, playful character, to emphasize this, you need a clear diction.
Tell me, are the wedding choirs from the opera recreating a folk ritual?
-Yes.

IV. Summing up the lesson.
(slide 17)
What did we talk about today?
What does folklore mean?
musical folklore?
The most beautiful old Russian rite?
Name the composer and his opera, where the wedding game is vividly presented.
What is given a large place in the opera "Mermaid"?
What do the choirs in the opera recreate?
What is important to us? After all, we are Russian people!
(slide 18)

It is very important that the folk song be accessible to everyone. We must remember that we are Russians, that we have the Russian word, we have fairy tales, we have traditions.